SMD LED 19-213 Datasheet - Bright Green - 120° Viewing Angle - 2.7-3.2V - 25mA - Clear Resin - Simplified Chinese Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

The 19-213 is a surface-mount device (SMD) LED specifically designed for modern compact electronic applications. It utilizes indium gallium nitride (InGaN) chip technology to produce a bright green light output. The core advantage of this component lies in its miniature size, which significantly reduces the footprint on the PCB (Printed Circuit Board), increases component assembly density, and contributes to the overall miniaturization of end-user equipment. Its lightweight construction makes it an ideal choice for applications where space and weight are constrained.

This LED is packaged on an 8mm carrier tape, wound onto a reel with a diameter of 7 inches, and is fully compatible with high-speed automated pick-and-place assembly equipment. This compatibility simplifies the manufacturing process for mass production.

1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market

The core advantages of the 19-213 SMD LED stem from its SMD package form and material compliance. It abandons the traditional lead frame, thereby achieving a more robust connection to the PCB and offering better performance in high-vibration environments. This product is classified as lead-free, compliant with the EU's RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) directive, and adheres to REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulations. Simultaneously, it is halogen-free, with bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) content each below 900 ppm and their sum below 1500 ppm, making it suitable for environmentally conscious designs.

Its target applications are diverse, primarily focusing on indicator lights and backlighting functions. Key markets include automotive interiors (e.g., dashboard and switch backlighting), communication equipment (e.g., indicator lights on telephones and fax machines), and consumer electronics (e.g., flat backlighting for LCDs, switches, and symbols). Its versatility also makes it suitable for a wide range of other indicator applications.

2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis

Sehemu hii inatoa ufafanuzi wa kina na wa kitu cha vigezo muhimu vya umeme, vya nuru, na vya joto vilivyofafanuliwa katika hati ya maelezo. Kuelewa viwango hivi vya kikomo na vya kawaida ni muhimu kwa muundo thabiti wa saketi.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Absolute Maximum Ratings define the stress limits that may cause permanent damage to the device. These are not normal operating conditions.

• Reverse Voltage (VR): 5V- Applying a reverse bias voltage exceeding 5V may cause immediate junction breakdown. The datasheet clearly states that this device is not designed for reverse operation; this rating is primarily for IR test conditions.
• Forward Current (IF): 25mA- The maximum DC current that can continuously flow through the LED. Exceeding this value will generate excessive heat, leading to accelerated luminous flux degradation or catastrophic failure.
• Peak Forward Current (IFP): 100mA- This is the maximum allowable pulse current, specified with a duty cycle of 1/10 and a frequency of 1kHz. It allows for higher brightness in a short period but must be used with precise timing control.
• Power Dissipation (Pd): 95mW- Encapsulation can dissipate maximum power in the form of heat, calculated as VF * IF. Operating near this limit requires careful thermal management of the PCB.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): 150V (Human Body Model)- This Human Body Model rating indicates the device has a moderate level of ESD sensitivity. Proper ESD handling procedures must be followed during assembly and operation to prevent potential or immediate failure.
• Operating Temperature (Topr): -40°C to +85°C- The ambient temperature range within which the device is guaranteed to operate according to its published specifications.
• Storage Temperature (Tstg): -40°C to +90°C- The temperature range for storage when the device is in a non-operating state.
• Welding temperature (Tsol)Two soldering profiles are specified: reflow soldering (peak temperature 260°C, duration not exceeding 10 seconds) and hand soldering (soldering iron tip temperature 350°C, contact time per solder terminal not exceeding 3 seconds).

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

Isipokuwa imeelezwa vinginevyo, vigezo hivi vinapimwa chini ya hali za kawaida za majaribio Ta=25°C na IF=5mA. Zinafafanua utendakazi wa mwanga wa LED.

• Nguvu ya mwanga (Iv): 45 - 112 mcd (kiwango cha chini - kiwango cha juu)- Mwangaza unaohisiwa wa LED unaopimwa kwa milicandela. Safu mpana inaonyesha matumizi ya mfumo wa kugawanya katika makundi (tazama Sehemu ya 3 kwa maelezo zaidi). Thamani ya kawaida haijotajwa wazi, iko mahali fulani ndani ya safu hii.
• Viewing Angle (2θ1/2): 120° (Typical)- The angular span at which the luminous intensity drops to half of its peak value. This is a very wide viewing angle, ideal for applications requiring visibility from off-axis positions.
• Peak Wavelength (λp): 518 nm (Typical)- Wavelength at which the spectral power distribution of the emitted light reaches its maximum value.
• Dominant Wavelength (λd): 520 - 535 nm- The wavelength of monochromatic light that can evoke the same perceived color as the LED's output. This is a key parameter for color specification and is also binned.
• Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ): 35 nm (Typical)- The width of the emission spectrum, measured at half the maximum power (Full Width at Half Maximum - FWHM). The value of 35nm is typical for InGaN green LEDs.
• Forward Voltage (VF): 2.70 - 3.20 V- The voltage drop across the LED when driven by a 5mA test current. This range is also subject to binning. The tolerance for this parameter is ±0.05V of the binned value.
• Reverse current (IR): 50 μA (max)- Maximum leakage current when the specified reverse voltage (5V) is applied.

3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo

Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi na mwangaza katika uzalishaji, LED zinagawanywa katika vikundi kulingana na utendaji. 19-213 inatumia vigezo vitatu vya kujitenga vya kikundi.

3.1 Uainishaji wa Nguvu ya Mwanga

LED zinagawanywa katika vikundi vinne (P1, P2, Q1, Q2) kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga iliyopimwa kwenye IF=5mA. Masafa ya vikundi ni kama ifuatavyo: P1 (45.0-57.0 mcd), P2 (57.0-72.0 mcd), Q1 (72.0-90.0 mcd), na Q2 (90.0-112.0 mcd). Thamani za uainishaji zina uvumilivu wa ±11%. Mbuni lazima achague kikundi kinachofaa ili kukidhi kiwango cha mwangaza kinachohitajika kwa matumizi yake.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Color consistency is managed by dividing the dominant wavelength into three groups: X (520-525 nm), Y (525-530 nm), and Z (530-535 nm). The tolerance is ±1nm. This ensures all LEDs from the same batch produce a very similar green hue.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

The forward voltage is divided into five groups with a step size of 0.1V: 29 (2.70-2.80V), 30 (2.80-2.90V), 31 (2.90-3.00V), 32 (3.00-3.10V), and 33 (3.10-3.20V). The tolerance is ±0.05V. Understanding the VF bin helps in designing more precise current-limiting circuits, especially when driving multiple LEDs in series.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet contains several typical characteristic curves, which are crucial for understanding the behavior of LEDs under non-standard conditions.

4.1 Uhusiano wa Nguvu ya Mwanga ya Jamaa na Joto la Mazingira

Mkunjo huu unaonyesha jinsi pato la mwanga linavyopungua kadri halijoto ya mazingira (Ta) inavyopanda. Kama LED zote, 19-213 hupata kupungua kwa mtiririko wa mwanga kadri joto linavyozidi. Katika matumizi ambapo LED au mazingira yake yanaweza kuwa moto, mbuni lazima azingatie upungufu huu wa joto, ili kuhakikisha mwangaza wa kutosha unadumishwa hata kwenye halijoto ya juu kabisa ya uendeshaji.

4.2 Uhusiano wa Nguvu ya Mwanga ya Jamaa na Mkondo wa Mbele

Mchoro huu unaonyesha uhusiano usio na mstari kati ya mkondo wa kuendesha na pato la mwanga. Ingawa kuongeza mkondo kunaweza kuongeza mwangaza, ufanisi (lumeni kwa kila watt) kwa kawaida hupungua kwenye mikondo ya juu kutokana na ongezeko la joto. Pia unaonyesha kwamba pato la mwanga huelekea kujaa pale mkondo unapokaribia kiwango cha juu cha kipekee.

4.3 Uhusiano wa Voltage ya Mwelekeo na Mkondo wa Mwelekeo (IV Curve)

IV Curve ndio msingi wa usanidi wa saketi. Inaonyesha uhusiano wa kielelezo kati ya voltage na mkondo katika diode. Katika "kona" ya mchoro karibu na voltage ya kawaida ya mbele, LED huanza kutokeza mwanga kwa kiasi kikubwa. Mchoro huu ni muhimu sana kwa kuchagua njia inayofaa ya kudhibiti mkondo (k.m., thamani ya upinzani au mipangilio ya kielelezo cha kisukuma cha mkondo).

4.4 Mchoro wa Mwelekeo wa Mionzi

The polar plot depicts the spatial distribution of light intensity. The 120° viewing angle of the 19-213 forms a broad, Lambertian-like emission pattern. This confirms its suitability for wide-area lighting and indicator applications requiring visibility from all angles.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Size

The datasheet provides a detailed two-dimensional drawing of the LED package, including key dimensions. Key measurements include overall length, width, height, pad size and location, and the position of the cathode identifier (typically a notch or a green mark at one corner). All unspecified tolerances are ±0.1mm. This drawing is essential for creating the PCB pad pattern (footprint) in CAD software.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Upeo sahihi ni muhimu kwa uendeshaji. Kifurushi kina alama ya kuona ili kutambua terminali ya cathode (-). Wabunifu na wataalamu wa usanikishaji lazima watazamie mchoro wa vipimo ili kuweka mwelekeo sahihi wa kipengele kwenye PCB.

6. Welding and Assembly Guide

Kufuata miongozo hii ni muhimu ili kufikia viungo vya kuuza vinavyotegemewa bila kuharibu LED.

6.1 Reflow Soldering Temperature Profile

Inato mchoro wa joto unaopendekezwa wa kuyeyusha bila risasi. Vigezo muhimu vinajumuisha: eneo la kuchochea kati ya 150-200°C, linalodumu sekunde 60-120; wakati juu ya mstari wa kioevu (217°C) sekunde 60-150; kiwango cha juu cha joto kisizozidi 260°C; muda wa juu zaidi chini ya kiwango cha juu cha joto sekunde 10. Kiwango cha juu cha kupanda kwa joto ni 6°C/kwa sekunde, kiwango cha juu cha kupoa ni 3°C/kwa sekunde. Idadi ya mchakato wa kuyeyusha haipaswi kuzidi mara mbili.

6.2 Precautions for Manual Soldering

Ikiwa ni lazima kufanya uchomeaji mkono, tahadhari ya ziada inahitajika. Joto la ncha ya chuma la kuchomea lazima liwe chini ya 350°C, na wakati wa mguso na kila mwisho wa mshono haupaswi kuzidi sekunde 3. Inashauriwa kutumia chuma cha kuchomea chenye nguvu ndogo (≤25W). Kunaweza kupaswa sekunde 2 angalau kati ya kuchomea kila mwisho wa mshono ili kupoza joto.

6.3 Mahitaji ya Uhifadhi na Kinga ya Unyevu

LED hufungwa kwenye mfuko wa kinga ya unyevu ulio na kivutiaji unyevu. Mfuko haupaswi kufunguliwa kabla ya kujiandaa kutumia kipengele. Baada ya kufunguliwa, LED zisizotumiwa zinapaswa kuhifadhiwa chini ya hali ya ≤30°C na ≤60% unyevu wa jamaa, na kutumika ndani ya saa 168 (siku 7). Ikiwa muda wa uhifadhi unazidi uliowekwa au kivutiaji unyevu kinaonyesha kunyonya unyevu, inahitajika kukausha kwa saa 24 kwenye 60±5°C kabla ya matumizi ili kuzuia tukio la "popcorn" wakati wa upasuaji wa reflow.

7. Maelezo ya Ufungaji na Uagizaji

7.1 Reel Specifications

Components are supplied in embossed carrier tape with dimensions specified in the datasheet. The tape is wound on standard 7-inch (178mm) diameter reels. Each reel contains 3000 pieces. Reel dimensions (hub diameter, flange diameter, width) are provided to ensure compatibility with automated assembly equipment.

7.2 Label Description

The reel label contains several key codes: P/N (Product Number), QTY (Quantity), CAT (Luminous Intensity Grade/Bin), HUE (Chromaticity/Dominant Wavelength Grade), REF (Forward Voltage Grade), and LOT No (Traceable Lot Number). Understanding this label is crucial for inventory control and ensuring the correct performance bin is used in production.

8. Mazingatio ya Ubunifu wa Programu

8.1 Rate limiting measures must be employed.

The datasheet emphasizes that an external current-limiting resistor (or constant current driver) must be used. When the voltage slightly exceeds its forward voltage, the current through an LED increases exponentially and sharply. Without current limiting, even minor power supply voltage fluctuations can cause the current to exceed the maximum rating, leading to immediate failure.LazimaTumia. Wakati voltage inazidi kidogo voltage yake ya mbele, sasa inaongezeka kwa kasi kwa kielelezo. Bila kizuizi cha sasa, hata mabadiliko madogo ya voltage ya usambazaji yanaweza kusababisha sasa kuzidi kiwango cha juu cha kiwango, na kusababisha hitilafu mara moja.

8.2 Thermal management.

Ingawa kifurushi chenyewe kinatoa joto, njia kuu ya kupoteza joto ni kupitia pedi ya kuuza hadi kwenye safu ya shaba ya PCB. Kwa matumizi yanayofanya kazi katika halijoto ya juu ya mazingira au karibu na mkondo wa juu zaidi, inapaswa kuzingatiwa kutumia PCB yenye muundo wa kutosha wa kupoteza joto, nyufa za shaba pana, na hata pedi maalum za kupoteza joto zilizounganishwa na ndege ya ardhi, ili kusaidia kupoteza joto.

8.3 Ulinzi dhidi ya Utoaji Umeme wa Tuli (ESD)

Kwa kuzingatia ukadiriaji wa ESD wa 150V HBM, inaweza kuwa busara kuongeza ulinzi wa msingi wa ESD kwenye mistari inayounganishwa na LED (kwa mfano, kutumia diode ya kukandamiza voltage ya muda mfupi au upinzani wa mfululizo), hasa katika mazingira yanayoweza kutokea utoaji umeme wa tuli, na hasa wakati LED inagusa na mtumiaji.

9. Ulinganishi wa Kiufundi na Tofauti

19-213 hutofautishwa hasa kupitia mchanganyiko wa pembe yake ya kuona ya upana wa 120° na resini ya uwazi. LED nyingi za kiashiria hutumia resini ya kusambaza ili kupanua pembe ya kuona, lakini hii hupunguza nguvu ya kilele ya axial. 19-213 hutumia resini ya uwazi kufikia pembe ya kuona pana, ambayo inaweza kutoa mwangaza unaohisiwa zaidi moja kwa moja kwa mhimili huku ukidumisha uonekano mzuri wa mbali na mhimili. Uzingatiaji wake kamili wa kanuni za kisasa za kuhifadhi mazingira (RoHS, REACH, bila halojeni) pia ni mahitaji ya kawaida lakini muhimu kwa miundo mingi mipya.

10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)

10.1 What resistance value should be selected when using a 5V power supply?

Thamani ya upinzani (R) inategemea mkondo wa mbele unaohitajika (IF) na voltage ya mbele ya kiwango maalum cha LED (VF). Tumia sheria ya Ohm: R = (Chanzo cha Voltage - VF) / IF. Kwa mfano, kwa kutumia chanzo cha 5V, VF ya 3.0V (kiwango 31), na lengo la IF ya 20mA: R = (5 - 3.0) / 0.020 = 100 ohms. Daima hesabu matumizi ya nguvu ya upinzani: P_upinzani = (Chanzo cha Voltage - VF) * IF. Katika mfano huu, P = 2V * 0.02A = 0.04W, kwa hivyo upinzani wa kawaida wa 1/8W (0.125W) unatosha.

10.2 Can this LED be driven with a PWM signal for dimming?

可以，脉宽调制（PWM）是调光LED的绝佳方法。它通过快速开关LED来工作。感知亮度与占空比（LED开启时间的百分比）成正比。与模拟调光（降低电流）可能导致颜色偏移不同，PWM调光能保持LED的颜色一致性。确保PWM频率足够高（通常>100Hz）以避免可见闪烁。

10.3 Kwa nini mchakato wa uhifadhi na upikaji umuhimu sana?

Vifurushi vya SMD hunyonya unyevu kutoka angahewa. Wakati wa mchakato wa kuunganisha tena kwa joto la juu, unyevu huu uliofunikwa huvukizwa haraka, na kusababisha shinikizo la mvuke ndani ya kifurushi. Hii inaweza kusababisha tabaka za ndani kujitenga, mfinyo kupasuka, au kushindwa kwa waya wa kuunganisha – jambo hili linajulikana kama athari ya "popcorn". Mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu na taratibu za upakaji wa joto zimeundwa hasa kuzuia aina hii ya kushindwa.

11. Mifano ya Uundaji na Matumizi Halisi

11.1 Multi-LED Array for Panel Backlighting

To provide backlighting for small LCDs or switch panels, multiple 19-213 LEDs can be arranged in an array. Due to forward voltage binning, it is generally more reliable to connect the LEDs in parallel, each with its own current-limiting resistor, rather than in series. This configuration ensures that variations in VF between individual LEDs do not lead to uneven current distribution and inconsistent brightness. For larger arrays, constant-current driver ICs designed for multiple parallel LED channels will provide the most uniform and efficient solution.

11.2 Viashiriki vya hali vilivyounganishwa na kudhibiti kidogo

Wakati unatekelezwa moja kwa moja kutoka kwa pini ya GPIO ya kikokotoo kidogo, uwezo wa chanzo cha sasa/kutia sasa wa pini lazima ukaguliwe. Kikomo cha pini nyingi za MCU ni 20-25mA, ambayo inalingana vizuri na thamani ya juu ya LED hii. Sakiti itakuwa na LED na upinzani wa mfululizo, unaounganishwa kati ya pini ya MCU na ardhi (kwa usanidi wa kutia sasa) au VCC (kwa usanidi wa chanzo cha sasa). Thamani ya upinzani huhesabiwa kwa kutumia voltage ya pato la MCU (k.m. 3.3V) na VF ya LED.

12. Utangulizi mfupi wa kanuni ya uendeshaji

19-213 LED inategemea muundo wa diode ya semikondukta iliyotengenezwa kwa indiamu-galliamu nitraidi (InGaN). Unapotumia voltage chanya inayozidi uwezo wa kiungo cha diode (takriban 2.7-3.2V), elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye ufanisi la semikondukta. Wakati vibebaji hivi vya malipo vinapounganishwa tena, hutolea nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya InGaN huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi ya semikondukta, ambayo huamua moja kwa moja urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi). Katika mfano huu, aloi imerekebishwa ili kutoa fotoni katika wigo wa kijani kibichi (520-535 nm). Kifuniko cha epoksi kilichowazi kinalinda chip ya semikondukta, hutoa uthabiti wa kiufundi, na hutumika kama lenzi kuunda mwanga unaotolewa kwa pembe ya maono ya 120°.

13. Mwelekeo wa Kiteknolojia na Mazingira

19-213 inawakilisha teknolojia iliyokomaa na inayotumiwa sana katika soko la SMD LED. Mwelekeo katika uwanja huu unaendelea kuelekea mwelekeo kadhaa muhimu. Kwanza, kuendelea kuboresha ufanisi wa mwanga (kutoa mwanga zaidi kwa kila wati ya umeme) ni msukumo unaoendelea, jambo linaloboresha ufanisi wa nishati. Pili, kutafuta usafi na ukamilifu wa rangi za juu zaidi, hasa katika wigo wa kijani, bado ni jambo linaloendelea. Tatu, udogo wa kifurushi unaendelea, na ukubwa mdogo kuliko 19-213 unakuwa wa kawaida katika vifaa vidogo sana. Mwisho, ushirikishaji ni mwelekeo unaokua, ambapo LED za rangi nyingi (RGB) au zile zenye saketi za udhibiti zilizoshirikishwa (kama vile LED zinazoweza kushughulikiwa kupitia I2C) zinachanganya kazi nyingi katika kifurushi kimoja, jambo linalorahisisha muundo na usanikishaji. 19-213, kwa kuaminika kwake, upatikanaji wake mpana, na uzingatiaji wa viwango, imekuwa kizuizi cha msingi katika mfumo mkubwa wa matumizi ya viashiria na taa.