Karatasi ya Data ya SMD LED 19-217 - Rangi ya Chungwa Mwekundu - Pembe ya Kuona ya 120° - Kiswahili

1. Muhtasari wa Bidhaa LED ya 19-217 ni kifaa cha kukanyagiwa kwenye uso (SMD) kilichoundwa kwa ajili ya usanikishaji wa kisasa na kompakt wa vifaa vya elektroniki. Inatumia chip ya AlGaInP (Alumini, Galiamu, Indiamu, Fosfidi) kutoa mwanga wa rangi ya chungwa mwekundu. Faida yake kuu iko katika ukubwa wake uliopunguzwa sana ikilinganishwa na LED za zamani za muundo wa risasi, na hivyo kuwezesha msongamano mkubwa wa vifaa kwenye bodi za mzunguko (PCB), kupunguza mahitaji ya uhifadhi, na hatimaye kuchangia katika kupunguza ukubwa wa vifaa vya mwisho. Kijenzi hiki ni kipesi, na hivyo kufaa kwa matumizi ambapo nafasi na uzito ni vikwazo muhimu.

1.1 Faida Kuu Uboreshaji wa Ukubwa: Kifurushi cha SMD kinawezesha muundo wa bodi ndogo. Ustahimilivu wa Otomatiki: Inasambazwa kwenye mkanda wa mm 8 kwenye reeli za inchi 7, na inafaa kabisa na vifaa vya kiotomatiki vya kasi ya juu vya kuchukua na kuweka. Ustahimilivu wa Mchakato: Inafaa kwa michakato yote ya kuunganishia kwa reflow ya infrared na awamu ya mvuke. Uzingatiaji wa Mazingira: Bidhaa hii haina plumbi, inatii viwango vya RoHS, EU REACH, na vya kutokuwa na halojeni (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).

1.2 Matumizi Lengwa LED hii ni ya matumizi mbalimbali na hutumiwa katika majukumu mbalimbali ya kuangazia na kuonyesha hali, ikiwa ni pamoja na: Mwanga wa nyuma kwa paneli za alama, swichi, na alama. Viashiria vya hali na mwanga wa nyuma wa kibodi katika vifaa vya mawasiliano kama vile simu na mashine za faksi. Taa za kuonyesha hali za matumizi ya jumla.

• 2. Uchambuzi wa Kina wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi2.1 Vipimo Vya Juu Kabisa Vipimo hivi vinafafanua mipaka ambayo kuzidi kunaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu kwa kifaa. Uendeshaji chini ya hali hizi hauhakikishiwi.
• Voltage ya Nyuma (V_R): 5 VSasa ya Mbele ya Kudumu (I_F): 25 mA
• Sasa ya Mbele ya Kilele (I_FP): 60 mA (kwenye mzunguko wa kazi 1/10, 1 kHz)Mtupo wa Nguvu (P_D): 60 mW
• Mtupo wa Umeme wa Tuli (ESD) Mfano wa Mwili wa Mwanadamu (HBM): 2000 VJoto la Uendeshaji (T_opr): -40°C hadi +85°C

Joto la Uhifadhi (T_stg): -40°C hadi +90°C

Joto la Kuunganishia (T_sol): Reflow: 260°C kwa sekunde 10 kiwango cha juu; Mkono: 350°C kwa sekunde 3 kiwango cha juu.

• 2.2 Tabia za Umeme na Mwanga Zimepimwa kwa joto la mazingira (T_a) la 25°C na sasa ya kawaida ya majaribio (I_F) ya 5 mA, isipokuwa imebainishwa vinginevyo.
• Nguvu ya Mwanga (I_V): 14.5 mcd (Chini), 36.0 mcd (Juu). Toleo la ±11% linatumika.
• Pembe ya Kuona (2θ_1/2): Digrii 120 (Kawaida). Pembe hii pana inahakikisha kuonekana vizuri kutoka kwa mitazamo mbalimbali.

Urefu wa Wimbi wa Kilele (λ_P): 621 nm (Kawaida).

Urefu wa Wimbi Kuu (λ_D): 605.5 nm (Chini), 625.5 nm (Juu). Toleo la ±1 nm linatumika. Kigezo hiki kinafafanua rangi inayoonekana.

Upana wa Wigo (Δλ): 18 nm (Kawaida). Hii inaonyesha usafi wa wigo wa mwanga unaotolewa.

• Voltage ya Mbele (V_F): 1.7 V (Chini), 2.2 V (Juu) kwa I_F=5mA. Toleo la ±0.05V linatumika. Hii ni muhimu kwa hesabu ya kizuizi cha sasa (resistor)._RSasa ya Nyuma (I_R): 10 μA (Juu) kwa V_R=5V. Kifaa hakikusudiwa kufanya kazi katika upendeleo wa nyuma.3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Katika Makundi Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi na mwangaza katika uzalishaji, LED zinasagwa katika makundi kulingana na vigezo muhimu.
• 3.1 Kugawa Katika Makundi Kulingana na Nguvu ya Mwanga Zimegawanywa katika makundi kwa I_F = 5 mA._FL2: 14.5 – 18.0 mcdM1: 18.0 – 22.5 mcd
• M2: 22.5 – 28.5 mcd_FPN1: 28.5 – 36.0 mcd3.2 Kugawa Katika Makundi Kulingana na Urefu wa Wimbi Kuu Zimegawanywa katika makundi kwa I_F = 5 mA. Hii inahusiana moja kwa moja na kivuli cha chungwa mwekundu.
• E1: 605.5 – 609.5 nm_dE2: 609.5 – 613.5 nmE3: 613.5 – 617.5 nm
• E4: 617.5 – 621.5 nmE5: 621.5 – 625.5 nm
• 3.3 Kugawa Katika Makundi Kulingana na Voltage ya Mbele Zimegawanywa katika makundi kwa I_F = 5 mA. Muhimu kwa kubuni mizunguko ya kuendesha sasa sawa kwenye LED nyingi._{19: 1.7 – 1.8 V}20: 1.8 – 1.9 V21: 1.9 – 2.0 V
• 22: 2.0 – 2.1 V_{23: 2.1 – 2.2 V}4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji Karatasi ya data hutoa mviringo kadhaa wa tabia ambayo ni muhimu kwa kuelewa tabia ya LED chini ya hali tofauti za uendeshaji.4.1 Mviringo wa Sasa ya Mbele dhidi ya Voltage ya Mbele (Mviringo wa I-V) Uhusiano huu usio wa mstari unaonyesha kuwa ongezeko dogo la voltage zaidi ya V_F ya kawaida linaweza kusababisha ongezeko kubwa, linaloweza kuharibu, la sasa. Hii inasisitiza umuhimu kabisa wa kutumia kizuizi cha sasa (resistor) au kiendeshi cha sasa ya kudumu katika mfululizo na LED.
• 4.2 Nguvu ya Mwanga ya Jamaa dhidi ya Sasa ya Mbele Pato la mwanga linaongezeka kwa sasa ya mbele lakini sio kwa mstari. Kufanya kazi zaidi ya sasa ya kudumu iliyopendekezwa (25mA) kunaweza kuongeza mwangaza lakini itapunguza maisha ya huduma na uaminifu kwa sababu ya joto la juu la kiunganishi._{4.3 Nguvu ya Mwanga ya Jamaa dhidi ya Joto la Mazingira Nguvu ya mwanga hupungua kadiri joto la mazingira linavyopanda. Kupunguzwa huku kwa joto ni jambo muhimu la kuzingatia kwa matumizi yanayofanya kazi katika mazingira ya joto la juu. Mviringo unaonyesha utendaji kutoka -40°C hadi +100°C.}4.4 Mviringo wa Kupunguza Sasa ya Mbele Mviringo huu unafafanua kiwango cha juu cha sasa ya mbele ya kudumu inayoruhusiwa kama kazi ya joto la mazingira. Ili kuzuia kupata joto kupita kiasi, sasa ya juu lazima ipunguzwe wakati wa kufanya kazi zaidi ya joto fulani (kawaida 25°C).4.5 Usambazaji wa Wigo Grafu inaonyesha nguvu ya jamaa ya mwanga unaotolewa katika urefu tofauti wa mawimbi, ikizunguka urefu wa wimbi wa kilele wa 621 nm. Umbo na upana (18 nm) wa mviringo huu huamua usafi wa rangi.

4.6 Muundo wa Mionzi Mchoro wa polar unaoonyesha usambazaji wa pembe ya nguvu ya mwanga, ukithibitisha pembe ya kuona ya digrii 120 ambapo nguvu hupungua hadi nusu ya thamani yake ya juu.

5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Kifurushi LED inakuja kwenye kifurushi cha kawaida cha SMD. Vipimo halisi (urefu, upana, urefu) na mpangilio wa pedi zimefafanuliwa kwenye mchoro wa kifurushi ndani ya karatasi ya data. Mchoro huo unajumuisha vipimo muhimu kama vile umbali wa risasi na muundo unaopendekezwa wa ardhi ya PCB ili kuhakikisha kuunganishia sahihi na uthabiti wa mitambo. Kijenzi kina lensi wazi ya hariri. Upeo wa umeme unaonyeshwa na alama kwenye kifurushi au kwa muundo wa pedi usio na ulinganifu (kawaida pedi ya cathode inaweza kuwa na alama au umbo tofauti). Wabunifu lazima watazame mchoro maalum wa vipimo kwa ajili ya kuunda mchoro wa ukubwa sahihi._a6. Mwongozo wa Kuunganishia na Usanikishaji_F6.1 Profaili ya Kuunganishia kwa Reflow (Bila Plumbi) Mchakato muhimu kwa usanikishaji unaotegemewa.

• Kupasha Joto Kabla: 150–200°C kwa sekunde 60–120._vMuda Juu ya Kiowevu (217°C): Sekunde 60–150.Joto la Kilele: 260°C kiwango cha juu.
• Muda kwenye Kilele: Sekunde 10 kiwango cha juu._{Kiwango cha Kupasha Joto: Kiwango cha juu cha 6°C/kwa sekunde.}Kiwango cha Kupoa: Kiwango cha juu cha 3°C/kwa sekunde.Muhimu: Kuunganishia kwa reflow haipaswi kufanywa zaidi ya mara mbili kwenye LED ile ile.
• 6.2 Kuunganishia kwa Mkono Ikiwa kuunganishia kwa mkono hakuwezi kuepukwa:_pTumia chuma cha kuunganishia chenye joto la ncha < 350°C.Punguza muda wa mguso hadi sekunde 3 kwa kila terminali.
• Tumia chuma chenye nguvu ya 25W au chini._dRuhusu muda wa angalau sekunde 2 kati ya kuunganishia kila terminali ili kuzuia mshtuko wa joto.6.3 Uhifadhi na Ustahimilivu wa Unyevu LED zimefungwa kwenye mfuko unaostahimili unyevu na dawa ya kukausha.
• Usifungue mfuko hadi uwe tayari kutumia.Baada ya kufungua, LED zisizotumiwa zinapaswa kuhifadhiwa kwa ≤30°C na ≤60% unyevu wa jamaa.
• "Maisha ya sakafu" baada ya kufungua ni saa 168 (siku 7)._FIkiwa maisha ya sakafu yamezidi au dawa ya kukausha inaonyesha kunyonya unyevu, matibabu ya kukausha yanahitajika: 60 ±5°C kwa saa 24 kabla ya matumizi.7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza Ufungaji wa kawaida ni vipande 3000 kwa kila reeli. Ukubwa wa reeli, mkanda wa kubeba, na mkanda wa kufunika umebainishwa ili kuhakikisha usawa na vifaa vya kiotomatiki. Lebo kwenye reeli hutoa taarifa muhimu kwa ufuatiliaji na matumizi sahihi: Nambari ya Bidhaa (P/N), idadi (QTY), na msimbo maalum wa makundi kwa Nguvu ya Mwanga (CAT), Urefu wa Wimbi Kuu (HUE), na Voltage ya Mbele (REF)._F8. Mambo ya Kuzingatia katika Ubunifu wa Matumizi
• 8.1 Kizuizi cha Sasa ni Lazima Kizuizi cha sasa cha nje (resistor) lazima kitumike kila wakati katika mfululizo na LED. Thamani ya kizuizi cha sasa (R) inaweza kuhesabiwa kwa kutumia Sheria ya Ohm: R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F, ambapo V_F ni voltage ya mbele ya LED kwa sasa inayotaka I_F. Daima tumia V_F ya juu kutoka kwenye karatasi ya data kwa ubunifu wa kihafidhina ili kuzuia sasa kupita kiasi._R8.2 Usimamizi wa Joto Ingawa kifurushi ni kidogo, mtupo wa nguvu (hadi 60mW) hutoa joto. Hakikisha eneo la kutosha la shaba la PCB (pedi za kupunguza joto) karibu na pedi za kuunganishia za LED ili kusaidia kutupwa kwa joto, hasa wakati wa kufanya kazi kwa sasa kubwa au katika mazingira ya joto. Zingatia mviringo wa kupunguza sasa ya mbele.8.3 Ulinzi dhidi ya Umeme wa Tuli (ESD) Ingawa imekadiriwa kwa 2000V HBM, tahadhari za kawaida za kushughulikia ESD zinapaswa kuzingatiwa wakati wa usanikishaji na usindikaji ili kuzuia uharibifu wa siri._R9. Ulinganisho wa Kiufundi na Tofauti LED ya 19-217, kulingana na teknolojia ya AlGaInP, inatoa faida tofauti kwa matumizi ya chungwa mwekundu ikilinganishwa na teknolojia nyingine kama vile AllnGaP au LED zilizochujwa. AlGaInP kwa kawaida hutoa ufanisi mkubwa wa mwanga na uthabiti bora wa rangi juu ya mabadiliko ya joto na sasa kwa rangi katika wigo wa nyekundu hadi ya manjano. Pembe yake ya kuona ya digrii 120 ni pana kuliko LED nyingi za "mtazamo wa juu", na hivyo kufaa kwa matumizi yanayohitaji kuonekana kwa upana. Muundo wa SMD hutoa wasifu wa chini na ufaao bora kwa usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki kuliko wenzao wa kupita kwenye tundu.

10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (FAQ)

10.1 Kwa nini LED yangu inahitaji kizuizi cha sasa (resistor)? LED ni vifaa vinavyoendeshwa na sasa. Tabia yao ya I-V ni ya kielelezo, ikimaanisha kuwa ongezeko dogo la voltage husababisha ongezeko kubwa la sasa, ambalo linaweza kuharibu LED mara moja. Kizuizi cha sasa (resistor) hupunguza sasa hadi thamani salama na maalum.

10.2 Je, naweza kuendesha LED hii kwa usambazaji wa umeme wa 5V? Ndiyo, lakini lazima utumie kizuizi cha sasa katika mfululizo. Kwa mfano, kufikia I_F=5mA kwa V_supply=5V na V_F ya kawaida=2.0V, thamani ya kizuizi cha sasa itakuwa R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.005A = 600 Ohms. Tumia thamani ya kawaida kama 620 Ohms.

10.3 Nini hufanyika ikiwa nitazidi kiwango cha juu cha joto au muda wa kuunganishia? Joto kupita kiasi linaweza kuharibu chip ya ndani ya semikondukta, vifungo vya waya, au lensi ya epoksi, na kusababisha kushindwa mara moja au kupunguza uaminifu wa muda mrefu (kupungua kwa pato la mwanga, mabadiliko ya rangi). Daima fuata profaili iliyopendekezwa._F10.4 Je, ninafasiri vipi msimbo wa makundi kwenye lebo? Msimbo wa makundi (k.m., CAT: N1, HUE: E4, REF: 21) unakuambia kundi maalum la utendaji wa LED kwenye reeli hiyo. "N1" inamaanisha nguvu ya mwanga iko kati ya 28.5-36.0 mcd, "E4" inamaanisha urefu wa wimbi kuu ni 617.5-621.5 nm, na "21" inamaanisha voltage ya mbele ni 1.9-2.0V. Hii inaruhusu utendaji thabiti katika bidhaa yako.

• 11. Utafiti wa Kesi ya Ubunifu na MatumiziHali: Kubuni paneli ya kiashiria cha hali kwa kidhibiti cha viwanda. Paneli inahitaji viashiria vingi vya chungwa mwekundu ambavyo lazima viwe na mwangaza sawa na kivuli kimoja cha rangi, vionekane kutoka kwa pembe pana na mwendeshaji.
• Utekelezaji:Uchaguzi wa Vijenzi: LED ya 19-217 imechaguliwa kwa sababu ya muundo wake wa SMD (hurahisisha usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki), pembe pana ya kuona ya 120°, na ugawaji wa makundi unaopatikana kwa uthabiti.
• Ubunifu wa Mzunguko: Reli ya 5V inapatikana. Kulenga I_F = 5mA kwa maisha marefu na mwangaza wa wastani. Kwa kutumia V_F ya juu ya 2.2V kwa ubunifu wa kihafidhina: R = (5V - 2.2V) / 0.005A = 560 Ohms. Kizuizi cha sasa cha 560Ω, 1/8W kinawekwa katika mfululizo na kila LED.Mpangilio wa PCB: LED zimewekwa kwa umbali wa kutosha. Mchoro wa ukubwa wa PCB unafuata muundo unaopendekezwa wa ardhi kutoka kwenye karatasi ya data. Mwingiliano wa ziada wa shaba umeunganishwa kwenye pedi ya cathode kwa uboreshaji mdogo wa joto.
• Uununuzi: LED zinaagizwa zikibainisha mahitaji madogo ya ugawaji wa makundi (k.m., CAT: M2 au N1, HUE: E3 au E4) ili kuhakikisha usawa wa kuona kwenye viashiria vyote vya paneli.Usanikishaji: Vijenzi vinasanikishwa kwa kutumia profaili ya kawaida ya reflow isiyo na plumbi, kuzingatia kikomo cha muda na joto.

Njia hii husababisha paneli ya kiashiria inayotegemewa, thabiti, na yenye mwonekano wa kitaalamu.

12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji Mwanga hutolewa kupitia mchakato unaoitwa umeme-mwanga. Wakati voltage ya mbele inazidi uwezo wa ndani wa diode inatumika, elektroni kutoka kwa semikondukta ya aina-n na mashimo kutoka kwa semikondukta ya aina-p huingizwa kwenye eneo la kazi (kisima cha quantum kwenye safu ya AlGaInP). Wakati elektroni na mashimo haya hujiunga tena, nishati hutolewa kwa mfumo wa fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya AlGaInP huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, ambayo kwa upande huamua urefu wa wimbi (rangi) ya mwanga unaotolewa—katika kesi hii, chungwa mwekundu (~621 nm). Kifurushi cha epoksi wazi hufanya kazi kama lensi, na kuunda pato la mwanga kuwa muundo unaotaka wa mionzi._F13. Mienendo ya Teknolojia Mwelekeo wa jumla katika LED za kiashiria kama vile 19-217 ni kuelekea ufanisi zaidi (pato zaidi la mwanga kwa kila kitengo cha pembejeo ya umeme), ambayo hupunguza matumizi ya nguvu na uzalishaji wa joto. Pia kuna msukumo wa kuendelea wa kupunguza ukubwa, na kusababisha ukubwa mdogo wa kifurushi (k.m., 0402, 0201 metriki) huku ukidumisha au kuboresha utendaji wa macho. Maendeleo katika vifaa vya fosforasi na semikondukta yanaendelea kuboresha uwasilishaji wa rangi, uthabiti, na maisha ya huduma. Zaidi ya hayo, ujumuishaji wa elektroniki ya udhibiti (kama vile viendeshi vya sasa ya kudumu) moja kwa moja kwenye vifurushi vya LED unakuwa wa kawaida zaidi kwa ajili ya ubunifu uliorahisishwa. Teknolojia ya msingi ya AlGaInP inabaki kiwango cha utendaji wa juu kwa rangi za nyekundu, chungwa, na manjano kwa sababu ya ufanisi na uthabiti wake.

• E1:.5 – 609.5 nm
• E2:.5 – 613.5 nm
• E3:.5 – 617.5 nm
• E4:.5 – 621.5 nm
• E5:.5 – 625.5 nm

.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Binned at I_F= 5 mA. Important for designing uniform current drive circuits across multiple LEDs.

• :.7 – 1.8 V
• :.8 – 1.9 V
• :.9 – 2.0 V
• :.0 – 2.1 V
• :.1 – 2.2 V

. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that are essential for understanding the LED's behavior under different operating conditions.

.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This non-linear relationship shows that a small increase in voltage beyond the typical V_Fcan cause a large, potentially damaging increase in current. This underscores the absolute necessity of using a current-limiting resistor or constant-current driver in series with the LED.

.2 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

The light output increases with forward current but not linearly. Operating above the recommended continuous current (25mA) may increase brightness but will reduce lifetime and reliability due to increased junction temperature.

.3 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

Luminous intensity decreases as the ambient temperature rises. This thermal derating is a critical consideration for applications operating in high-temperature environments. The curve shows performance from -40°C to +100°C.

.4 Forward Current Derating Curve

This curve defines the maximum allowable continuous forward current as a function of ambient temperature. To prevent overheating, the maximum current must be reduced when operating above a certain temperature (typically 25°C).

.5 Spectral Distribution

The graph shows the relative intensity of light emitted across different wavelengths, centered around the peak wavelength of 621 nm. The shape and width (18 nm) of this curve determine the color purity.

.6 Radiation Pattern

A polar diagram illustrating the angular distribution of light intensity, confirming the 120-degree viewing angle where intensity falls to half its maximum value.

. Mechanical and Package Information

The LED comes in a standard SMD package. The exact dimensions (length, width, height) and pad layout are defined in the package drawing within the datasheet. The drawing includes critical dimensions such as the lead spacing and recommended PCB land pattern to ensure proper soldering and mechanical stability. The component features a clear resin lens. Polarity is indicated by a marking on the package or by an asymmetric pad design (typically the cathode pad may be marked or have a different shape). Designers must consult the specific dimension drawing for accurate footprint creation.

. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

.1 Reflow Soldering Profile (Pb-free)

A critical process for reliable assembly.

• Pre-heating:–200°C for 60–120 seconds.
• Time Above Liquidus (217°C):–150 seconds.
• Peak Temperature:°C maximum.
• Time at Peak: seconds maximum.
• Heating Rate:Maximum 6°C/second.
• Cooling Rate:Maximum 3°C/second.

Important:Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times on the same LED.

.2 Hand Soldering

If manual soldering is unavoidable:

• Use a soldering iron with a tip temperature < 350°C.
• Limit contact time to 3 seconds per terminal.
• Use an iron with a power rating of 25W or less.
• Allow a minimum 2-second interval between soldering each terminal to prevent thermal shock.

.3 Storage and Moisture Sensitivity

The LEDs are packaged in a moisture-resistant bag with desiccant.

• Do not openthe bag until ready for use.
• After opening, unused LEDs should be stored at ≤30°C and ≤60% relative humidity.
• The "floor life" after opening is 168 hours (7 days).
• If the floor life is exceeded or the desiccant indicates moisture absorption, a baking treatment is required: 60 ±5°C for 24 hours before use.

. Packaging and Ordering Information

The standard packaging is 3000 pieces per reel. The reel, carrier tape, and cover tape dimensions are specified to ensure compatibility with automated equipment. The label on the reel provides key information for traceability and correct application: Product Number (P/N), quantity (QTY), and the specific bin codes for Luminous Intensity (CAT), Dominant Wavelength (HUE), and Forward Voltage (REF).

. Application Design Considerations

.1 Current Limiting is Mandatory

An external current-limiting resistor must always be used in series with the LED. The resistor value (R) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, where V_Fis the forward voltage of the LED at the desired current I_F. Always use the maximum V_Ffrom the datasheet for a conservative design to prevent overcurrent.

.2 Thermal Management

While the package is small, power dissipation (up to 60mW) generates heat. Ensure adequate PCB copper area (thermal relief pads) around the LED solder pads to help dissipate heat, especially when operating at high currents or in warm environments. Adhere to the forward current derating curve.

.3 ESD Protection

Although rated for 2000V HBM, standard ESD handling precautions should be observed during assembly and handling to prevent latent damage.

. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 19-217 LED, based on AlGaInP technology, offers distinct advantages for reddish-orange applications compared to other technologies like AllnGaP or filtered LEDs. AlGaInP typically provides higher luminous efficiency and better color stability over temperature and current variations for colors in the red to amber spectrum. Its 120-degree viewing angle is wider than many "top-view" LEDs, making it suitable for applications requiring broad visibility. The SMD format provides a lower profile and better suitability for automated assembly than through-hole counterparts.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

.1 Why does my LED need a resistor?

LEDs are current-driven devices. Their I-V characteristic is exponential, meaning a tiny increase in voltage causes a large current increase, which can instantly destroy the LED. A resistor limits the current to a safe, specified value.

.2 Can I drive this LED with a 5V supply?

Yes, but you must use a series resistor. For example, to achieve I_F=5mA with a V_supply=5V and a typical V_F=2.0V, the resistor value would be R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.005A = 600 Ohms. Use a standard value like 620 Ohms.

.3 What happens if I exceed the maximum soldering temperature or time?

Excessive heat can damage the internal semiconductor die, the wire bonds, or the epoxy lens, leading to immediate failure or reduced long-term reliability (decreased light output, color shift). Always follow the recommended profile.

.4 How do I interpret the bin codes on the label?

The bin codes (e.g., CAT: N1, HUE: E4, REF: 21) tell you the specific performance group of the LEDs on that reel. "N1" means luminous intensity is between 28.5-36.0 mcd, "E4" means dominant wavelength is 617.5-621.5 nm, and "21" means forward voltage is 1.9-2.0V. This allows for consistent performance in your product.

. Design and Usage Case Study

Scenario:Designing a status indicator panel for an industrial controller. The panel requires multiple reddish-orange indicators that must be uniformly bright and have the same color shade, visible from a wide angle by an operator.

Implementation:

1. Component Selection:The 19-217 LED is chosen for its SMD format (eases automated assembly), wide 120° viewing angle, and available binning for consistency.
2. Circuit Design:A 5V rail is available. Targeting I_F= 5mA for long life and moderate brightness. Using the maximum V_Fof 2.2V for a conservative design: R = (5V - 2.2V) / 0.005A = 560 Ohms. A 560Ω, 1/8W resistor is placed in series with each LED.
3. PCB Layout:LEDs are placed with adequate spacing. The PCB footprint follows the recommended land pattern from the datasheet. Additional copper pour is connected to the cathode pad for slight thermal improvement.
4. Procurement:LEDs are ordered specifying tight binning requirements (e.g., CAT: M2 or N1, HUE: E3 or E4) to ensure visual uniformity across all indicators on the panel.
5. Assembly:Components are assembled using a standard Pb-free reflow profile, strictly adhering to the time and temperature limits.

This approach results in a reliable, consistent, and professional-looking indicator panel.

. Operating Principle

Light is produced through a process called electroluminescence. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's built-in potential is applied, electrons from the n-type semiconductor and holes from the p-type semiconductor are injected into the active region (the quantum well in the AlGaInP layer). When these electrons and holes recombine, energy is released in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which in turn dictates the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, reddish-orange (~621 nm). The clear epoxy resin package acts as a lens, shaping the light output into the desired radiation pattern.

. Technology Trends

The general trend in indicator LEDs like the 19-217 is towards ever-higher efficiency (more light output per unit of electrical input), which reduces power consumption and heat generation. There is also a continuous drive for miniaturization, leading to smaller package sizes (e.g., 0402, 0201 metric) while maintaining or improving optical performance. Advances in phosphor and semiconductor materials continue to improve color rendering, stability, and lifetime. Furthermore, integration of control electronics (like constant-current drivers) directly into LED packages is becoming more common for simplified design. The underlying AlGaInP technology remains a high-performance standard for red, orange, and amber colors due to its efficiency and stability.