SMD3528 Red LED Datasheet - Size 3.5x2.8mm - Voltage 2.2V - Power 0.144W - Technical Documentation

1. Muhtasari wa Bidhaa\nSMD3528 ni diode inayotoa mwanga ya aina ya SMD inayotumia chipi moja nyekundu ya LED. Ukubwa wake mdogo wa ufungashaji wa 3.5mm x 2.8mm, umeundwa mahsusi kwa matumizi yanayohitaji mwanga wa kuaminika na wa nguvu chini wenye rangi nyekundu. Faida zake kuu ni pamoja na pembe ya kuona pana ya digrii 120, utendaji thabiti ndani ya anuwai maalum ya joto, na uwezo wa kuunganishwa na mchakato wa kawaida wa usakinishaji wa teknolojia ya kushikanishwa kwenye uso. Soko lengwa linajumuisha anuwai ya vifaa vya kimatumizi, viashiria vya mwanga, taa za nyuma za skrini ndogo, na taa za mapambo, ambapo matumizi haya yanahitaji nafasi ndogo na ufanisi wa nishati.

2. Ufafanuzi wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi

2.1 Vigezo vya Umeme\nTabia za umeme hufafanua mipaka ya uendeshaji na utendaji wa kawaida wa LED. Kadirio kamili za juu kabisa zilizopimwa kwenye joto la kiungo cha kuuza cha 25°C, zinaanzisha mipaka ya uendeshaji salama. Upeo wa mkondo endelevu wa mbele ni 30 mA, na chini ya hali maalum (upana wa msukumo ≤10 ms, uwiano wa kazi ≤1/10), mkondo wa msukumo wa mbele hadi 40 mA unaruhusiwa. Upeo wa nguvu inayotumiwa umekadiriwa kuwa 144 mW. Safu ya joto ya uendeshaji na uhifadhi imebainishwa kuwa -40°C hadi +80°C, na joto la juu la kiungo ni 125°C. Kwa upakiaji wa kuuza, LED inaweza kustahimili mkunjo wa reflow wenye kilele cha joto cha 230°C au 260°C kwa muda wa sekunde 10.

Chini ya hali za kawaida za uendeshaji, thamani ya kawaida ya voltage ya mbele ni 2.2V, na thamani ya juu kabisa ni 2.6V. Kadirio ya voltage ya nyuma ni chini ya 5V, na mkondo wa nyuma haupaswi kuzidi 10 µA.

2.2 Optical Parameters\nOptical performance is central to LED functionality. The dominant wavelength is 625 nm, falling within the standard red spectrum. Luminous flux output is categorized by bin, with typical values ranging from 1.5 lm to 2.5 lm at a drive current of 20 mA, depending on the bin code. The spatial distribution of light is characterized by a wide viewing angle, with a full width at half maximum of 120 degrees._s2.3 Thermal Characteristics\nThermal management is crucial for LED lifespan and performance stability. The key parameter is the junction temperature, which must not exceed 125°C. The thermal path from the LED chip to the solder point and then to the printed circuit board must be designed to ensure the junction temperature remains within safe limits during operation, especially when driven near maximum current. The specified operating ambient temperature range of -40°C to +80°C provides guidance for the environmental conditions the device can withstand._F3. Bin System Description\nTo ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are binned according to key parameters._FP3.1 Wavelength Binning\nThe dominant wavelength is binned to control precise red hue. The provided specification lists two bins: R1 and R2. This allows designers to select LEDs with very specific color points for their application, which is crucial for applications where color matching is critical, such as full-color displays or signage. The tolerance of wavelength measurement is built into the binning range._D3.2 Luminous Flux Binning\nThe luminous flux output is classified to guarantee a minimum brightness level. The bins are defined by codes A3, B1, and B2, corresponding to minimum/typical values respectively. The tolerance for luminous flux measurement is ±7%. This binning allows for predictable brightness levels in LED arrays._j3.3 Forward Voltage Binning\nThe forward voltage is binned to aid circuit design, particularly for current-limiting resistor calculation and power supply design in series LED strings. The bins are C, D, E, and F, with a measurement tolerance of ±0.08V. Matching Vf bins helps ensure current distribution and brightness uniformity in parallel LED configurations.

4. Performance Curve Analysis_s4.1 IV Characteristic Curve\nThe relationship curve between forward voltage and forward current is a fundamental characteristic of any diode, including LEDs. For this SMD3528 red LED, the curve will show the typical exponential relationship of a semiconductor p-n junction. This curve is crucial for determining the operating point and designing the drive circuit. The voltage at the typical operating current of 20mA will fall within the binned Vf range._F4.2 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Forward Current\nThis curve illustrates how the light output changes with increasing drive current. For LEDs, the output typically increases linearly with current at lower levels, but may exhibit saturation or reduced efficiency at higher currents due to thermal and electrical effects. This graph helps designers optimize the drive current for the desired brightness, while considering efficacy and lifetime._F4.3 Temperature Dependence\nLED performance is significantly affected by temperature. A key curve shows the relative spectral energy as a function of junction temperature. For AlInGaP-based red LEDs, the light output generally decreases as temperature increases. This curve is crucial for applications operating in varying thermal environments, providing the basis for necessary derating or thermal compensation in the drive circuit._R4.4 Spectral Distribution\nThe spectral energy distribution curve plots the emitted light intensity at different wavelengths. For a monochromatic red LED, this curve will show a single dominant peak centered around the binned wavelength. The width of this peak determines the color purity. A narrower peak indicates a more saturated and purer color._R5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Dimensions and Outline Drawing\nThe LED package conforms to the industry-standard 3528 package size, with a nominal length of 3.5mm and a width of 2.8mm. The precise dimension drawing provides key measurements, including package height, lens size, and lead pitch. Tolerances are specified: dimensions marked as .X have a tolerance of ±0.10mm, while .XX dimensions have a stricter tolerance of ±0.05mm.

5.2 Recommended Pad Layout and Stencil Design\nRecommended pad layouts for PCB design are provided to ensure proper soldering and mechanical stability. This includes the dimensions, shape, and spacing of the copper pads. Corresponding stencil designs are also suggested to control the amount of solder paste deposited during assembly, which is crucial for achieving reliable solder joints without causing shorts or tombstoning._d5.3 Polarity Identification\nThe cathode is typically identified by a visual marker on the LED package, such as a green dot, a notch, or a cut corner. The datasheet should clearly indicate this marking scheme. Care must be taken to place the device on the PCB with the correct polarity to ensure proper device operation._{6. Soldering and Assembly Guide}6.1 Vigezo vya Reflow Soldering\nKifaa hiki kinafaa kwa mchakato wa reflow soldering wa infrared au convection. Joto la juu linaloruhusiwa la uchomeaji lililopimwa kwenye pini za LED limewekwa kuwa 230°C au 260°C, kwa muda wa sekunde 10 kwa upeo. Mkunjo wa kawaida wa reflow soldering usio na risasi unapaswa kufuatwa, kuhakikisha joto la kilele na wakati juu ya mstari wa kioevu hauzidi viwango vilivyopimwa vya LED.

6.2 Tahadhari za Uendeshaji na Uhifadhi\nLED ni nyeti kwa utokaji umeme tuli. Zifanye kazi katika mazingira ya kuzuia umeme tuli, kwa kutumia mkanda wa mkono uliowekwa ardhini na uso wa kazi unaoendesha umeme. Vifaa vinapaswa kuhifadhiwa kwenye mfuko wao asili wa kuzuia unyevunyevu, na kuwekewa draya, chini ya hali ambazo hazizidi anuwai maalum ya joto la uhifadhi na kudumisha unyevu wa chini ili kuzuia kunyonya unyevu, ambayo kunaweza kusababisha "popcorn effect" wakati wa reflow soldering.

6.3 Kusafisha\nIkiwa kusafisha kunahitajika baada ya uchomeaji, tumia vilainishi vilivyoidhinishwa vinavyolingana na lenzi ya epoksi ya LED na ufungaji wa plastiki. Epuka kutumia usafishaji wa ultrasonic, kwa sababu mtetemo wa masafa ya juu unaweza kuharibu waya za ndani za bonding au mshikamano wa chip. Hakikisha uthibitishaji wa ulinganifu wa kemikali kabla ya kuanza mchakato wowote wa kusafisha._j7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza

7.1 Ufungaji wa Mkanda\nSMD3528 LED hutolewa kwa namna ya mkanda wa kawaida wa kuchapa kwenye spool, inayofaa kwa mashine za kukamata kiotomatiki. Vipimo vya mkanda vimeainishwa wazi ili kuhakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya usambazaji. Nguvu ya kuvunja mkanda wa kifuniko imefafanuliwa kuwa 0.1 hadi 0.7 Newton wakati wa kuvunja kwa pembe ya digrii 10, ikihakikisha kuwa imeshikamana wakati wa usafirishaji lakini ni rahisi kuondolea na mashine.

7.2 Kanuni za Kupa Majina ya Aina\nNambari ya aina ya bidhaa hufuata kanuni za kimuundo za kupa majina: T [Msimbo wa Umbo] [Idadi ya Chip] [Msimbo wa Lens] [Msimbo wa Ndani] - [Msimbo wa Flux ya Mwanga] [Msimbo wa Rangi]. Kwa mfano, T3200SRA inafasiriwa kama: Umbo 32, Idadi ya Chip S, Msimbo wa Lens 00, Msimbo wa Ndani, Msimbo wa Flux ya Mwanga na Rangi A. Misimbo mingine ya rangi ni pamoja na Y, B, G, n.k. Mfumo huu unaruhusu kutambua kwa usahihi sifa zote muhimu.

8. Mapendekezo ya Utumizi

8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji\nLED nyekundu ya SMD3528 inafaa kabisa kwa matumizi mbalimbali: hali na taa za kiashiria kwenye vifaa vya matumizi ya kaya, skrini ndogo za LCD, taa za nyuma za kibodi au paneli, vifaa vya umeme, mapambo na taa za msisitizo kwa ajili ya mapambo ya ndani ya gari au vipengele vya ujenzi, na taa za ishara na dharura zinazohitaji ishara maalum ya nyekundu.

8.2 Mazingatio ya Ubunifu\nKizuizi cha Mkondo: Daima tumia upinzani wa kuzuia mkondo mfululizo au kiendesha mkondo thabiti. Thamani ya upinzani inakokotolewa kwa kutumia fomula R = (Voltage ya usambazaji - Vf) / If. Tumia thamani ya juu ya Vf kutoka kwenye safu, ili kuhakikisha kuwa hata kwenye LED zenye Vf ya chini mkondo hauzidi kikomo.\nUsimamizi wa Joto: Kwa uendeshaji endelevu chini ya mikondo ya juu au hali ya joto ya juu ya mazingira, hakikisha eneo la kutosha la shaba la PCB au upoaji joto ili kupunguza joto na kudumisha joto la chini la kiungo.\nUbunifu wa Optics: Wakati wa kubuni bodi ya kuongoza mwanga, lenzi au kifaa cha kusambaza, zingatia pembe ya maono ya digrii 120, ili kufikia muundo unaohitajika wa taa.

9. Technical Comparison\nCompared to through-hole red LEDs, the SMD3528 offers significant advantages for modern electronics: a smaller footprint, a thinner profile suitable for slim devices, compatibility with high-speed automated assembly, and typically better thermal performance due to direct soldering to the PCB. Within the SMD red LED series, the 3528 package is a common and cost-effective choice. Compared to newer, higher-efficacy LED packages, the 3528 may have slightly lower luminous efficacy, but it remains highly competitive in standard brightness applications due to its wide availability and proven reliability.

10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (FAQ)

Swali: Kuna tofauti gani kati ya viwango vya mwanga A3, B1 na B2? \nJibu: Viwango hivi vinawakilisha viwango tofauti vya chini na vya kawaida vya mwangaza chini ya 20mA. A3 ni ya chini kabisa, B1 ni ya kati, na B2 ni ya juu kabisa. Uchaguzi unategemea mwangaza unaohitajika kwa matumizi._FSwali: Je, naweza kuendesha LED hii kwa mfululizo kwa 30mA? \nJibu: Ndio, 30mA ndiyo kiwango cha juu kabisa cha mkondo wa mfululizo wa mbele. Hata hivyo, kwa maisha bora na uhakika, kwa kawaida inashauriwa kufanya kazi chini ya kiwango cha juu, kwa mfano 20-25mA, isipokuwa matumizi yanahitaji mwangaza wa juu kabisa na muundo wa joto uko imara vya kutosha.

Swali: Je, ninawezaje kutambua cathode kwenye LED? \nJibu: Mchoro wa umbo katika spec sheet unapaswa kuonyesha alama ya polarity. Kwa kawaida, kwa kifurushi cha 3528, cathode huwa alama na nukta ya kijani au mchoro mdogo/ukata kwenye kona ya mwili wa plastiki.

Swali: Je, LED hii inatumia lenzi? \nJibu: Kulingana na msimbo wa lenzi "00" katika kanuni za kusimbua na kutaja aina, aina hii maalum haina lenzi kuu iliyoongezwa. Aina zingine zilizo na msimbo wa lenzi "01" zitakuwa na lenzi kwa ajili ya kuunganisha mwanga.

11. Kesi ya Utekelezaji Halisi Hali: Kubuni jopo la viashiria vya hali kwa swichi ya mtandao. Japo linahitaji LED nyekundu kumi za kuashiria shughuli ya bandari/hali ya kiungo. Mbuni alichagua LED za SMD3528 zilizogawanywa katika viwango R2 na B1. Bodi ya mzunguko (PCB) ina reli ya umeme ya 3.3V. Kwa kutumia Vf ya juu zaidi na sasa lengo la 20mA, upinzani wa kuzuia sasa umehesabiwa: R = (3.3V - 2.6V) / 0.020A = ohm 35. Upinzani wa kawaida wa ohm 33 ulichaguliwa, na kusababisha sasa kubwa kidogo, takriban 21.2mA, ambayo iko ndani ya mipaka salama. LED zimewekwa kwenye PCB kulingana na mpangilio ulipendekezwa wa pedi za kuuza. Pini rahisi ya GPIO ya kontrolleri ndogo iliyosanidiwa kama pato la mtiririko wazi, iliyounganishwa na 3.3V kupitia upinzani wa kuvuta juu, inaweza kumwagilia sasa kuwasha kila LED. Pembe ya upana wa digrii 120 inahakikisha hali inaonekana kutoka kila pembe._F12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji Diodi inayotoa mwanga ni kifaa cha semiconductor kinachobadilisha umeme moja kwa moja kuwa mwanga kupitia mchakato unaoitwa umeme-luminisheni. Kiini cha LED nyekundu kama SMD3528 ni chipi iliyotengenezwa kwa nyenzo za alumini-indiamu-gali-fosforasi. Wakati voltage chanya inatumika kwenye makutano ya p-n ya semiconductor hii, elektroni kutoka eneo la aina-n na mashimo kutoka eneo la aina-p huingizwa kwenye eneo la makutano. Wakati vibebaji hivi vya malipo vinapounganishwa tena, hutoa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni. Urefu maalum wa wimbi wa mwanga unaotolewa huamuliwa na nishati ya pengo la bendi ya nyenzo ya semiconductor. Pengo la bendi la AlInGaP linalingana na fotoni nyekundu hadi manjano-machungwa katika wigo unaoonekana. Kifuniko cha epoksi kinalinda chipi kutokana na mazingira, na kwa kawaida huchukua nafasi ya lenzi kuunda pato la mwanga._F13. Viwango vya Uthibitishaji wa Kudumu Marejeleo ya vipimo hurejelea vipimo kadhaa vya viwango vya tasnia ili kuthibitisha udumu wa LED chini ya hali mbalimbali za msongo. Vipimo hivi hulingana miaka mingi ya uendeshaji au mazingira magumu katika mfuatano ulioharakishwa._F13.1 Uthibitishaji wa Maisha ya Huduma\n室温工作寿命测试：LED在室温下以最大电流运行1008小时。失效标准包括Vf偏移>200mV、光通量下降>25%、漏电流>10µA或灾难性故障。\n高温工作寿命测试：类似于RTOL，但在85°C环境温度下进行，加速热老化。\n低温工作寿命测试：在-40°C下进行，测试极端寒冷下的性能。

13.2 Environmental Stress Testing\nHigh Temperature High Humidity Operating Life Test: Bias applied at 60°C/90% RH for 1008 hours to evaluate resistance to moisture-induced degradation.\nTemperature Humidity Bias Cycle Test: LED cycled between -20°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 60°C with 60% humidity for 20 cycles.\nThermal Shock Test: Rapidly cycled between -40°C and 125°C for 100 cycles. After testing, the LED must remain functional.

14. Development Trends\nThe LED industry continues to advance towards higher efficiency, smaller size, and greater reliability. For packages like SMD3528, trends include:\nImproved Luminous Efficacy: Ongoing enhancements in chip design, epitaxial growth, and phosphor technology enable newer generations in the same package size to produce more light per watt of electrical input.\nEnhanced Color Consistency: Tighter binning tolerances for wavelength, luminous flux, and Vf are becoming standard, driven by demands from high-end display and lighting applications.\nBetter Thermal Performance: Advancements in packaging materials and die-attach technology help reduce thermal resistance, allowing for higher drive currents or improved lifespan.\nMiniaturization: While 3528 remains popular, smaller packages are under development, albeit often with trade-offs in light output and thermal management.\nSmart Integration: A broader trend involves integrating control circuits, sensors, or multiple color chips into a single package, moving beyond simple discrete emitters.

2. Ufafanuzi wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi

2.1 Vigezo vya Umeme\nTabia za umeme hufafanua mipaka ya uendeshaji na utendaji wa kawaida wa LED. Kadirio kamili za juu kabisa zilizopimwa kwenye joto la kiungo cha kuuza cha 25°C, zinaanzisha mipaka ya uendeshaji salama. Upeo wa mkondo endelevu wa mbele ni 30 mA, na chini ya hali maalum (upana wa msukumo ≤10 ms, uwiano wa kazi ≤1/10), mkondo wa msukumo wa mbele hadi 40 mA unaruhusiwa. Upeo wa nguvu inayotumiwa umekadiriwa kuwa 144 mW. Safu ya joto ya uendeshaji na uhifadhi imebainishwa kuwa -40°C hadi +80°C, na joto la juu la kiungo ni 125°C. Kwa upakiaji wa kuuza, LED inaweza kustahimili mkunjo wa reflow wenye kilele cha joto cha 230°C au 260°C kwa muda wa sekunde 10.

Chini ya hali za kawaida za uendeshaji, thamani ya kawaida ya voltage ya mbele ni 2.2V, na thamani ya juu kabisa ni 2.6V. Kadirio ya voltage ya nyuma ni chini ya 5V, na mkondo wa nyuma haupaswi kuzidi 10 µA.

2.2 Optical Parameters\nOptical performance is central to LED functionality. The dominant wavelength is 625 nm, falling within the standard red spectrum. Luminous flux output is categorized by bin, with typical values ranging from 1.5 lm to 2.5 lm at a drive current of 20 mA, depending on the bin code. The spatial distribution of light is characterized by a wide viewing angle, with a full width at half maximum of 120 degrees.

2.3 Thermal Characteristics\nThermal management is crucial for LED lifespan and performance stability. The key parameter is the junction temperature, which must not exceed 125°C. The thermal path from the LED chip to the solder point and then to the printed circuit board must be designed to ensure the junction temperature remains within safe limits during operation, especially when driven near maximum current. The specified operating ambient temperature range of -40°C to +80°C provides guidance for the environmental conditions the device can withstand.

3. Bin System Description\nTo ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are binned according to key parameters.

3.1 Wavelength Binning\nThe dominant wavelength is binned to control precise red hue. The provided specification lists two bins: R1 and R2. This allows designers to select LEDs with very specific color points for their application, which is crucial for applications where color matching is critical, such as full-color displays or signage. The tolerance of wavelength measurement is built into the binning range.

3.2 Luminous Flux Binning\nThe luminous flux output is classified to guarantee a minimum brightness level. The bins are defined by codes A3, B1, and B2, corresponding to minimum/typical values respectively. The tolerance for luminous flux measurement is ±7%. This binning allows for predictable brightness levels in LED arrays.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning\nThe forward voltage is binned to aid circuit design, particularly for current-limiting resistor calculation and power supply design in series LED strings. The bins are C, D, E, and F, with a measurement tolerance of ±0.08V. Matching Vf bins helps ensure current distribution and brightness uniformity in parallel LED configurations.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

4.1 IV Characteristic Curve\nThe relationship curve between forward voltage and forward current is a fundamental characteristic of any diode, including LEDs. For this SMD3528 red LED, the curve will show the typical exponential relationship of a semiconductor p-n junction. This curve is crucial for determining the operating point and designing the drive circuit. The voltage at the typical operating current of 20mA will fall within the binned Vf range.

4.2 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Forward Current\nThis curve illustrates how the light output changes with increasing drive current. For LEDs, the output typically increases linearly with current at lower levels, but may exhibit saturation or reduced efficiency at higher currents due to thermal and electrical effects. This graph helps designers optimize the drive current for the desired brightness, while considering efficacy and lifetime.

4.3 Temperature Dependence\nLED performance is significantly affected by temperature. A key curve shows the relative spectral energy as a function of junction temperature. For AlInGaP-based red LEDs, the light output generally decreases as temperature increases. This curve is crucial for applications operating in varying thermal environments, providing the basis for necessary derating or thermal compensation in the drive circuit.

4.4 Spectral Distribution\nThe spectral energy distribution curve plots the emitted light intensity at different wavelengths. For a monochromatic red LED, this curve will show a single dominant peak centered around the binned wavelength. The width of this peak determines the color purity. A narrower peak indicates a more saturated and purer color.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Dimensions and Outline Drawing\nThe LED package conforms to the industry-standard 3528 package size, with a nominal length of 3.5mm and a width of 2.8mm. The precise dimension drawing provides key measurements, including package height, lens size, and lead pitch. Tolerances are specified: dimensions marked as .X have a tolerance of ±0.10mm, while .XX dimensions have a stricter tolerance of ±0.05mm.

5.2 Recommended Pad Layout and Stencil Design\nRecommended pad layouts for PCB design are provided to ensure proper soldering and mechanical stability. This includes the dimensions, shape, and spacing of the copper pads. Corresponding stencil designs are also suggested to control the amount of solder paste deposited during assembly, which is crucial for achieving reliable solder joints without causing shorts or tombstoning.

5.3 Polarity Identification\nThe cathode is typically identified by a visual marker on the LED package, such as a green dot, a notch, or a cut corner. The datasheet should clearly indicate this marking scheme. Care must be taken to place the device on the PCB with the correct polarity to ensure proper device operation.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guide

6.1 Vigezo vya Reflow Soldering\nKifaa hiki kinafaa kwa mchakato wa reflow soldering wa infrared au convection. Joto la juu linaloruhusiwa la uchomeaji lililopimwa kwenye pini za LED limewekwa kuwa 230°C au 260°C, kwa muda wa sekunde 10 kwa upeo. Mkunjo wa kawaida wa reflow soldering usio na risasi unapaswa kufuatwa, kuhakikisha joto la kilele na wakati juu ya mstari wa kioevu hauzidi viwango vilivyopimwa vya LED.

6.2 Tahadhari za Uendeshaji na Uhifadhi\nLED ni nyeti kwa utokaji umeme tuli. Zifanye kazi katika mazingira ya kuzuia umeme tuli, kwa kutumia mkanda wa mkono uliowekwa ardhini na uso wa kazi unaoendesha umeme. Vifaa vinapaswa kuhifadhiwa kwenye mfuko wao asili wa kuzuia unyevunyevu, na kuwekewa draya, chini ya hali ambazo hazizidi anuwai maalum ya joto la uhifadhi na kudumisha unyevu wa chini ili kuzuia kunyonya unyevu, ambayo kunaweza kusababisha "popcorn effect" wakati wa reflow soldering.

6.3 Kusafisha\nIkiwa kusafisha kunahitajika baada ya uchomeaji, tumia vilainishi vilivyoidhinishwa vinavyolingana na lenzi ya epoksi ya LED na ufungaji wa plastiki. Epuka kutumia usafishaji wa ultrasonic, kwa sababu mtetemo wa masafa ya juu unaweza kuharibu waya za ndani za bonding au mshikamano wa chip. Hakikisha uthibitishaji wa ulinganifu wa kemikali kabla ya kuanza mchakato wowote wa kusafisha.

7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza

7.1 Ufungaji wa Mkanda\nSMD3528 LED hutolewa kwa namna ya mkanda wa kawaida wa kuchapa kwenye spool, inayofaa kwa mashine za kukamata kiotomatiki. Vipimo vya mkanda vimeainishwa wazi ili kuhakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya usambazaji. Nguvu ya kuvunja mkanda wa kifuniko imefafanuliwa kuwa 0.1 hadi 0.7 Newton wakati wa kuvunja kwa pembe ya digrii 10, ikihakikisha kuwa imeshikamana wakati wa usafirishaji lakini ni rahisi kuondolea na mashine.

7.2 Kanuni za Kupa Majina ya Aina\nNambari ya aina ya bidhaa hufuata kanuni za kimuundo za kupa majina: T [Msimbo wa Umbo] [Idadi ya Chip] [Msimbo wa Lens] [Msimbo wa Ndani] - [Msimbo wa Flux ya Mwanga] [Msimbo wa Rangi]. Kwa mfano, T3200SRA inafasiriwa kama: Umbo 32, Idadi ya Chip S, Msimbo wa Lens 00, Msimbo wa Ndani, Msimbo wa Flux ya Mwanga na Rangi A. Misimbo mingine ya rangi ni pamoja na Y, B, G, n.k. Mfumo huu unaruhusu kutambua kwa usahihi sifa zote muhimu.

8. Mapendekezo ya Utumizi

8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji\nLED nyekundu ya SMD3528 inafaa kabisa kwa matumizi mbalimbali: hali na taa za kiashiria kwenye vifaa vya matumizi ya kaya, skrini ndogo za LCD, taa za nyuma za kibodi au paneli, vifaa vya umeme, mapambo na taa za msisitizo kwa ajili ya mapambo ya ndani ya gari au vipengele vya ujenzi, na taa za ishara na dharura zinazohitaji ishara maalum ya nyekundu.

8.2 Mazingatio ya Ubunifu\nKizuizi cha Mkondo: Daima tumia upinzani wa kuzuia mkondo mfululizo au kiendesha mkondo thabiti. Thamani ya upinzani inakokotolewa kwa kutumia fomula R = (Voltage ya usambazaji - Vf) / If. Tumia thamani ya juu ya Vf kutoka kwenye safu, ili kuhakikisha kuwa hata kwenye LED zenye Vf ya chini mkondo hauzidi kikomo.\nUsimamizi wa Joto: Kwa uendeshaji endelevu chini ya mikondo ya juu au hali ya joto ya juu ya mazingira, hakikisha eneo la kutosha la shaba la PCB au upoaji joto ili kupunguza joto na kudumisha joto la chini la kiungo.\nUbunifu wa Optics: Wakati wa kubuni bodi ya kuongoza mwanga, lenzi au kifaa cha kusambaza, zingatia pembe ya maono ya digrii 120, ili kufikia muundo unaohitajika wa taa.9. Technical Comparison\nCompared to through-hole red LEDs, the SMD3528 offers significant advantages for modern electronics: a smaller footprint, a thinner profile suitable for slim devices, compatibility with high-speed automated assembly, and typically better thermal performance due to direct soldering to the PCB. Within the SMD red LED series, the 3528 package is a common and cost-effective choice. Compared to newer, higher-efficacy LED packages, the 3528 may have slightly lower luminous efficacy, but it remains highly competitive in standard brightness applications due to its wide availability and proven reliability._{10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (FAQ)}Swali: Kuna tofauti gani kati ya viwango vya mwanga A3, B1 na B2? \nJibu: Viwango hivi vinawakilisha viwango tofauti vya chini na vya kawaida vya mwangaza chini ya 20mA. A3 ni ya chini kabisa, B1 ni ya kati, na B2 ni ya juu kabisa. Uchaguzi unategemea mwangaza unaohitajika kwa matumizi._FSwali: Je, naweza kuendesha LED hii kwa mfululizo kwa 30mA? \nJibu: Ndio, 30mA ndiyo kiwango cha juu kabisa cha mkondo wa mfululizo wa mbele. Hata hivyo, kwa maisha bora na uhakika, kwa kawaida inashauriwa kufanya kazi chini ya kiwango cha juu, kwa mfano 20-25mA, isipokuwa matumizi yanahitaji mwangaza wa juu kabisa na muundo wa joto uko imara vya kutosha._FSwali: Je, ninawezaje kutambua cathode kwenye LED? \nJibu: Mchoro wa umbo katika spec sheet unapaswa kuonyesha alama ya polarity. Kwa kawaida, kwa kifurushi cha 3528, cathode huwa alama na nukta ya kijani au mchoro mdogo/ukata kwenye kona ya mwili wa plastiki._FSwali: Je, LED hii inatumia lenzi? \nJibu: Kulingana na msimbo wa lenzi "00" katika kanuni za kusimbua na kutaja aina, aina hii maalum haina lenzi kuu iliyoongezwa. Aina zingine zilizo na msimbo wa lenzi "01" zitakuwa na lenzi kwa ajili ya kuunganisha mwanga._F device.
11. Kesi ya Utekelezaji Halisi Hali: Kubuni jopo la viashiria vya hali kwa swichi ya mtandao. Japo linahitaji LED nyekundu kumi za kuashiria shughuli ya bandari/hali ya kiungo. Mbuni alichagua LED za SMD3528 zilizogawanywa katika viwango R2 na B1. Bodi ya mzunguko (PCB) ina reli ya umeme ya 3.3V. Kwa kutumia Vf ya juu zaidi na sasa lengo la 20mA, upinzani wa kuzuia sasa umehesabiwa: R = (3.3V - 2.6V) / 0.020A = ohm 35. Upinzani wa kawaida wa ohm 33 ulichaguliwa, na kusababisha sasa kubwa kidogo, takriban 21.2mA, ambayo iko ndani ya mipaka salama. LED zimewekwa kwenye PCB kulingana na mpangilio ulipendekezwa wa pedi za kuuza. Pini rahisi ya GPIO ya kontrolleri ndogo iliyosanidiwa kama pato la mtiririko wazi, iliyounganishwa na 3.3V kupitia upinzani wa kuvuta juu, inaweza kumwagilia sasa kuwasha kila LED. Pembe ya upana wa digrii 120 inahakikisha hali inaonekana kutoka kila pembe.12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji Diodi inayotoa mwanga ni kifaa cha semiconductor kinachobadilisha umeme moja kwa moja kuwa mwanga kupitia mchakato unaoitwa umeme-luminisheni. Kiini cha LED nyekundu kama SMD3528 ni chipi iliyotengenezwa kwa nyenzo za alumini-indiamu-gali-fosforasi. Wakati voltage chanya inatumika kwenye makutano ya p-n ya semiconductor hii, elektroni kutoka eneo la aina-n na mashimo kutoka eneo la aina-p huingizwa kwenye eneo la makutano. Wakati vibebaji hivi vya malipo vinapounganishwa tena, hutoa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni. Urefu maalum wa wimbi wa mwanga unaotolewa huamuliwa na nishati ya pengo la bendi ya nyenzo ya semiconductor. Pengo la bendi la AlInGaP linalingana na fotoni nyekundu hadi manjano-machungwa katika wigo unaoonekana. Kifuniko cha epoksi kinalinda chipi kutokana na mazingira, na kwa kawaida huchukua nafasi ya lenzi kuunda pato la mwanga.
13. Viwango vya Uthibitishaji wa Kudumu Marejeleo ya vipimo hurejelea vipimo kadhaa vya viwango vya tasnia ili kuthibitisha udumu wa LED chini ya hali mbalimbali za msongo. Vipimo hivi hulingana miaka mingi ya uendeshaji au mazingira magumu katika mfuatano ulioharakishwa.13.1 Uthibitishaji wa Maisha ya Huduma\n室温工作寿命测试：LED在室温下以最大电流运行1008小时。失效标准包括Vf偏移>200mV、光通量下降>25%、漏电流>10µA或灾难性故障。\n高温工作寿命测试：类似于RTOL，但在85°C环境温度下进行，加速热老化。\n低温工作寿命测试：在-40°C下进行，测试极端寒冷下的性能。

13.2 Environmental Stress Testing\nHigh Temperature High Humidity Operating Life Test: Bias applied at 60°C/90% RH for 1008 hours to evaluate resistance to moisture-induced degradation.\nTemperature Humidity Bias Cycle Test: LED cycled between -20°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 60°C with 60% humidity for 20 cycles.\nThermal Shock Test: Rapidly cycled between -40°C and 125°C for 100 cycles. After testing, the LED must remain functional.

14. Development Trends\nThe LED industry continues to advance towards higher efficiency, smaller size, and greater reliability. For packages like SMD3528, trends include:\nImproved Luminous Efficacy: Ongoing enhancements in chip design, epitaxial growth, and phosphor technology enable newer generations in the same package size to produce more light per watt of electrical input.\nEnhanced Color Consistency: Tighter binning tolerances for wavelength, luminous flux, and Vf are becoming standard, driven by demands from high-end display and lighting applications.\nBetter Thermal Performance: Advancements in packaging materials and die-attach technology help reduce thermal resistance, allowing for higher drive currents or improved lifespan.\nMiniaturization: While 3528 remains popular, smaller packages are under development, albeit often with trade-offs in light output and thermal management.\nSmart Integration: A broader trend involves integrating control circuits, sensors, or multiple color chips into a single package, moving beyond simple discrete emitters.

1. Muhtasari wa Bidhaa\nSMD3528 ni diode inayotoa mwanga ya aina ya SMD inayotumia chipi moja nyekundu ya LED. Ukubwa wake mdogo wa ufungashaji wa 3.5mm x 2.8mm, umeundwa mahsusi kwa matumizi yanayohitaji mwanga wa kuaminika na wa nguvu chini wenye rangi nyekundu. Faida zake kuu ni pamoja na pembe ya kuona pana ya digrii 120, utendaji thabiti ndani ya anuwai maalum ya joto, na uwezo wa kuunganishwa na mchakato wa kawaida wa usakinishaji wa teknolojia ya kushikanishwa kwenye uso. Soko lengwa linajumuisha anuwai ya vifaa vya kimatumizi, viashiria vya mwanga, taa za nyuma za skrini ndogo, na taa za mapambo, ambapo matumizi haya yanahitaji nafasi ndogo na ufanisi wa nishati.

2. Ufafanuzi wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi
2.1 Vigezo vya Umeme\nTabia za umeme hufafanua mipaka ya uendeshaji na utendaji wa kawaida wa LED. Kadirio kamili za juu kabisa zilizopimwa kwenye joto la kiungo cha kuuza cha 25°C, zinaanzisha mipaka ya uendeshaji salama. Upeo wa mkondo endelevu wa mbele ni 30 mA, na chini ya hali maalum (upana wa msukumo ≤10 ms, uwiano wa kazi ≤1/10), mkondo wa msukumo wa mbele hadi 40 mA unaruhusiwa. Upeo wa nguvu inayotumiwa umekadiriwa kuwa 144 mW. Safu ya joto ya uendeshaji na uhifadhi imebainishwa kuwa -40°C hadi +80°C, na joto la juu la kiungo ni 125°C. Kwa upakiaji wa kuuza, LED inaweza kustahimili mkunjo wa reflow wenye kilele cha joto cha 230°C au 260°C kwa muda wa sekunde 10.

Chini ya hali za kawaida za uendeshaji, thamani ya kawaida ya voltage ya mbele ni 2.2V, na thamani ya juu kabisa ni 2.6V. Kadirio ya voltage ya nyuma ni chini ya 5V, na mkondo wa nyuma haupaswi kuzidi 10 µA.
2.2 Optical Parameters\nOptical performance is central to LED functionality. The dominant wavelength is 625 nm, falling within the standard red spectrum. Luminous flux output is categorized by bin, with typical values ranging from 1.5 lm to 2.5 lm at a drive current of 20 mA, depending on the bin code. The spatial distribution of light is characterized by a wide viewing angle, with a full width at half maximum of 120 degrees.

2.3 Thermal Characteristics\nThermal management is crucial for LED lifespan and performance stability. The key parameter is the junction temperature, which must not exceed 125°C. The thermal path from the LED chip to the solder point and then to the printed circuit board must be designed to ensure the junction temperature remains within safe limits during operation, especially when driven near maximum current. The specified operating ambient temperature range of -40°C to +80°C provides guidance for the environmental conditions the device can withstand.
3. Bin System Description\nTo ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are binned according to key parameters.

3.1 Wavelength Binning\nThe dominant wavelength is binned to control precise red hue. The provided specification lists two bins: R1 and R2. This allows designers to select LEDs with very specific color points for their application, which is crucial for applications where color matching is critical, such as full-color displays or signage. The tolerance of wavelength measurement is built into the binning range.
3.2 Luminous Flux Binning\nThe luminous flux output is classified to guarantee a minimum brightness level. The bins are defined by codes A3, B1, and B2, corresponding to minimum/typical values respectively. The tolerance for luminous flux measurement is ±7%. This binning allows for predictable brightness levels in LED arrays.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning\nThe forward voltage is binned to aid circuit design, particularly for current-limiting resistor calculation and power supply design in series LED strings. The bins are C, D, E, and F, with a measurement tolerance of ±0.08V. Matching Vf bins helps ensure current distribution and brightness uniformity in parallel LED configurations.

4. Performance Curve Analysis4.1 IV Characteristic Curve\nThe relationship curve between forward voltage and forward current is a fundamental characteristic of any diode, including LEDs. For this SMD3528 red LED, the curve will show the typical exponential relationship of a semiconductor p-n junction. This curve is crucial for determining the operating point and designing the drive circuit. The voltage at the typical operating current of 20mA will fall within the binned Vf range._F4.2 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Forward Current\nThis curve illustrates how the light output changes with increasing drive current. For LEDs, the output typically increases linearly with current at lower levels, but may exhibit saturation or reduced efficiency at higher currents due to thermal and electrical effects. This graph helps designers optimize the drive current for the desired brightness, while considering efficacy and lifetime._F4.3 Temperature Dependence\nLED performance is significantly affected by temperature. A key curve shows the relative spectral energy as a function of junction temperature. For AlInGaP-based red LEDs, the light output generally decreases as temperature increases. This curve is crucial for applications operating in varying thermal environments, providing the basis for necessary derating or thermal compensation in the drive circuit._F4.4 Spectral Distribution\nThe spectral energy distribution curve plots the emitted light intensity at different wavelengths. For a monochromatic red LED, this curve will show a single dominant peak centered around the binned wavelength. The width of this peak determines the color purity. A narrower peak indicates a more saturated and purer color.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Dimensions and Outline Drawing\nThe LED package conforms to the industry-standard 3528 package size, with a nominal length of 3.5mm and a width of 2.8mm. The precise dimension drawing provides key measurements, including package height, lens size, and lead pitch. Tolerances are specified: dimensions marked as .X have a tolerance of ±0.10mm, while .XX dimensions have a stricter tolerance of ±0.05mm.

5.2 Recommended Pad Layout and Stencil Design\nRecommended pad layouts for PCB design are provided to ensure proper soldering and mechanical stability. This includes the dimensions, shape, and spacing of the copper pads. Corresponding stencil designs are also suggested to control the amount of solder paste deposited during assembly, which is crucial for achieving reliable solder joints without causing shorts or tombstoning.

5.3 Polarity Identification\nThe cathode is typically identified by a visual marker on the LED package, such as a green dot, a notch, or a cut corner. The datasheet should clearly indicate this marking scheme. Care must be taken to place the device on the PCB with the correct polarity to ensure proper device operation.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guide

6.1 Vigezo vya Urejeshaji wa Solder\nKifaa hiki kinafaa kwa mchakato wa urejeshaji wa solder wa infrared au mkondo. Joto la juu linaloruhusiwa la kuunganisha, lililopimwa kwenye pini za LED, limewekwa kuwa 230°C au 260°C, kwa muda wa sekunde 10 kwa upeo. Inapaswa kufuata mkunjo wa kawaida wa urejeshaji wa solder usio na risasi, kuhakikisha joto la kilele na wakati juu ya mstari wa kioevu hauzidi vigezo vya LED.LEDs zinatumika kwa mkondo wa juu kabisa kwenye joto la kawaida kwa masaa 1008. Vigezo vya kushindwa vinajumuisha V_Fshift >200mV, luminous flux drop >25% (for AlInGaP red LEDs), leakage current >10µA, or catastrophic failure.
Maisha ya Uendeshaji wa Joto la Juu (HTOL):Similar to RTOL but conducted at 85°C ambient temperature, accelerating thermal aging.
Low-Temperature Operating Life (LTOL):Conducted at -40°C to test performance under extreme cold.

.2 Environmental Stress Tests

High Temperature High Humidity Operating Life (H3TRB):Tests at 60°C/90% RH with bias applied for 1008 hours, assessing resistance to moisture-induced degradation.
Temperature Humidity Bias (THB) Cycling:Subjects LEDs to cycling between -20°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 60°C at 60% RH for 20 cycles.
Thermal Shock:Rapidly cycles between -40°C and 125°C for 100 cycles (15 min dwell,< sec transfer). Post-test, the LED must still function.

Mienendo ya Maendeleo

Sekta ya LED inaendelea kubadilika kuelekea ufanisi wa juu zaidi, ukubwa mdogo zaidi, na uaminifu mkubwa zaidi. Kwa vifurushi kama vile SMD3528, mienendo inajumuisha:Ufanisi wa Mwangaza Ulioongezeka:Uboreshaji unaoendelea katika muundo wa chip, ukuaji wa epitaxial, na teknolojia ya fosfori (kwa taa nyeupe za LED) huruhusu vizazi vipya vya kifurushi sawa cha ukubwa kutoa mwanga zaidi kwa kila wati ya umeme.Uboreshaji wa Uthabiti wa Rangi:Mapungufu madogo zaidi ya kikundi kwa urefu wa wimbi, flux, na V_FInakuwa kawaida, ikisukumwa na mahitaji kutoka kwa matumizi ya juu ya maonyesho na taa.Uboreshaji wa Utendaji wa Joto:Maendeleo katika nyenzo za kifurushi (mfano, plastiki zenye upitishaji mzuri wa joto, vichanganyiko vya kauri) na mbinu za kuunganisha die husaidia kupunguza upinzani wa joto, kuruhusu mikondo ya kuendesha ya juu zaidi au uboreshaji wa maisha ya kifaa.Ufinyu:Ingawa 3528 bado inavuma, vifurushi vidogo zaidi kama 2020, 1515, na 1010 vinatengenezwa kwa vifaa vya hali ya juu vya ukubwa mdogo, ingawa mara nyingi kwa kupunguza kwa pato la mwanga na usimamizi wa joto.Ujumuishaji Mwenye Akili:Mwelekeo mpana zaidi unajumuisha kuunganisha saketi za udhibiti, sensorer, au chips nyingi za rangi (RGB) katika kifurushi kimoja, kusonga zaidi ya viwaslshaji rahisi visivyounganishwa.