LTST-C191KRKT SMD LED Datasheet - Dimensions 1.6x0.8x0.55mm - Voltage 2.4V - Power 75mW - Red - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

LTST-C191KRKT is a surface-mount device (SMD) light-emitting diode (LED) designed specifically for modern space-constrained electronic applications. It belongs to the ultra-thin chip LED category, offering significant advantages in applications where vertical height is a critical design factor.

Core Advantages:Faida ya kwanza ya kipengele hiki ni urefu wake mdogo sana wa 0.55mm, ukifanya iweze kutumika katika vifaa vya kipekee vyembamba vya matumizi ya kawaida, vifaa vinavyovaliwa, na matumizi ya taa za kiashiria nyuma ya paneli nyembamba. Inatumia nyenzo za semiconductor za AlInGaP (Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide), zinazojulikana kwa kutoa mwanga mwekundu wenye ufanisi wa juu, mwangaza mkubwa na usafi wa rangi. Kifaa hiki kinakidhi kabisa maagizo ya RoHS (Vizuizi vya Vitu Hatari), na kuikifanya kuwa bidhaa ya kijani inayofaa kwa soko la kimataifa.

Soko Lengwa:LED hii inalenga hasa matumizi yanayohitaji kuonyesha kiashiria cha kuaminika na chenye mwangaza katika nafasi ndogo sana. Matumizi ya kawaida ni pamoja na viashiria vya hali katika simu mahiri, kompyuta kibao, kompyuta mkononi, dashibodi za magari, paneli za udhibiti wa viwanda, na vifaa vya matumizi ya kawaida. Uwezo wake wa kuunganishwa na vifaa vya kukabidhi otomatiki na mchakato wa kuunganishwa kwa mafuta ya kuyeyusha kwa infrared, unaufanya kuwa chaguo bora kwa laini za uzalishaji wa otomatiki zenye kiasi kikubwa.

2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis

Sehemu hii inatoa ufafanuzi wa kina na usio na upendeleo wa vigezo muhimu vya umeme, vya macho na vya joto vilivyobainishwa katika hati ya maelezo ya kiufundi.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the stress limits that may cause permanent damage to the device and are not applicable under normal operating conditions.

• Power Dissipation (Pd):75 mW. Hii ndiyo joto la juu linaloweza kutolewa na kifurushi cha LED wakati joto la mazingira (Ta) likiwa 25°C. Kuzidi kikomo hiki kuna hatari ya joto kupita kiasi, ambayo inaweza kusababisha kuzeeka kwa haraka kwa kiungo cha semiconductor au kushindwa kwa ghafla.
• Umeme wa moja kwa moja wa mbele (IF):30 mA. Umeme wa juu zaidi wa mbele unaoweza kutumika kwa mfululizo. Ili kuhakikisha utendakazi wa kuaminika kwa muda mrefu, desturi ya kawaida ni kuendesha LED chini ya kiwango hiki cha juu, kwa kawaida ikifanya kazi chini ya hali ya kawaida ya majaribio ya 20mA.
• Umeme wa kilele wa mbele:80 mA (duty cycle 1/10, pulse width 0.1ms). This rating allows for short-duration, high-current pulses, which can be used in multiplexing schemes or to achieve instantaneous high brightness, but the average current must still comply with the DC rating.
• Reverse Voltage (VR):5 V. Applying a reverse bias voltage exceeding this value may cause immediate breakdown and damage to the LED's PN junction.
• Operating and Storage Temperature Range:-55°C to +85°C. This wide range ensures the functionality and storage integrity of the component in various harsh environmental conditions, from industrial freezing environments to high-temperature automotive interiors.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured at Ta=25°C and IF=20mA (unless otherwise specified), defining the device's performance under normal operating conditions.

• Luminous Intensity (Iv):54.0 mcd (typical), ranging from 18.0 mcd (minimum) to 180.0 mcd (maximum). This wide range is managed through a binning system (see Section 3). Luminous intensity is measured using a sensor filtered to match the human photopic response (CIE curve).
• Viewing Angle (2θ1/2):130 degrees (typical). This is the full angle at which the luminous intensity drops to half of the axial (0°) measured value. A viewing angle of 130° indicates a very wide emission pattern, suitable for indicator lights that need to be viewed from off-axis positions.
• Peak Wavelength (λP):639 nm (kawaida). Hii ndiyo urefu wa wimbi ambapo nguvu ya wigo inafikia kiwango cha juu, na huamua tone la rangi nyekundu linalohisiwa.
• Urefu wa wimbi mkuu (λd):631 nm (kawaida IF=20mA). Hii ni kipimo cha rangi kinachotokana na chati ya kromatiki ya CIE. Inawakilisha urefu wa wimbi wa mwanga wa rangi moja unaolingana na rangi ya LED. Kwa udhibiti wa rangi, kwa kawaida ni kigezo muhimu zaidi kuliko urefu wa wimbi wa kilele.
• Upana wa nusu ya mstari wa wigo (Δλ):20 nm (thamani ya kawaida). Hii ni upana wa wigo unaopimwa kwenye nusu ya kiwango cha juu cha nguvu (Upana wa Nusu ya Urefu Kamili - FWHM). Thamani ya 20nm inaonyesha utoaji wa wigo unaojikita kiasi, ambayo ni sifa ya teknolojia ya AlInGaP, na hivyo kutoa nyekundu iliyojaa.
• Voltage ya mbele (VF):2.4 V (thamani ya kawaida), kiwango cha juu cha 2.4V na kiwango cha chini cha 2.0V kwenye 20mA. Hii ni kushuka kwa voltage kwenye LED inapofanya kazi, muhimu sana kwa kubuni mzunguko wa kudhibiti mkondo. Uainishaji unaonyesha kuwa juu ya 50°C, mkondo wa mbele unahitaji kupunguzwa kwa 0.4 mA/°C, ikimaanisha mkondo wa juu unaoruhusiwa wa DC hupungua kadri halijoto inavyoongezeka, ili kuzuia joto kupita kiasi.
• Reverse Current (IR):10 μA (max), under the condition of VR=5V. This is the small leakage current that flows when the device is reverse-biased within its maximum ratings.
• Capacitance (C):40 pF (typical), under conditions VF=0V, f=1MHz. This parasitic capacitance may be relevant in high-speed switching or multiplexing applications.

3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Daraja

To manage natural variations in the semiconductor manufacturing process, LEDs are graded according to performance. The LTST-C191KRKT primarily uses a grading system for luminous intensity.

Kugawanya kiwango cha mwanga:LED zinagawanywa katika vikundi vitano (M, N, P, Q, R) kulingana na kiwango cha mwanga kilichopimwa chini ya 20mA. Kila kikundi kina thamani ya chini na ya juu iliyofafanuliwa (mfano, kikundi M: 18.0-28.0 mcd, kikundi R: 112.0-180.0 mcd). Uhakiki unasema uvumilivu wa kila kikundi cha kiwango cha mwanga ni +/-15%. Mfumo huu unaruhusu mbuni kuchagua LED zenye mwangaza sawa kwa matumizi yao. Kwa mfano, bidhaa zinazohitaji mwanga sawa wa jopo zitaonyesha LED kutoka kwa kikundi kimoja, kilicho na anuwai nyembamba (kama kikundi P au Q), wakati matumizi yanayohimili gharama na yasiyo na mahitaji makali ya mwanga yanaweza kutumia mchanganyiko wa vikundi vyenye anuwai pana.

Katika maudhui yaliyotolewa, hakuna dalili katika hati ya maelezo kwamba wavelength kuu au voltage ya mbele inagawanywa tofauti, ikionyesha kwamba vigezo hivi vinadhibitiwa ndani ya anuwai iliyochapishwa ya chini/ya kawaida/ya juu, bila hitaji la nambari zaidi za kugawanya kwa aina hii maalum.

4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji

Ingawa michoro maalum haijaonyeshwa katika maandishi, maelezo ya maelezo yanarejelea mikunjo ya kawaida ya sifa. Kulingana na tabia ya kawaida ya LED na vigezo vilivyotolewa, tunaweza kuchambua mwelekeo unaotarajiwa:

• I-V (Current-Voltage) curve:The typical forward voltage (VF) at 20mA is 2.4V. This curve exhibits an exponential relationship, with virtually no current flowing below the "turn-on" voltage (approximately 1.8-2.0V for AlInGaP), after which the current increases rapidly with a small increase in voltage. This emphasizes why an LED must be driven by a current source or a voltage source with a series current-limiting resistor.
• Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current (Iv-IF):Within the normal operating range, luminous intensity is approximately proportional to the forward current. Driving an LED with a current below 20mA will proportionally reduce its brightness, while driving it with a higher current (up to the absolute maximum) will increase brightness but also generate more heat and potentially shorten its lifespan.
• Mwangaza wa Mwanga dhidi ya Joto la Mazingira (Iv-Ta):Mwanga wa LED wa AlInGaP kwa kawaida hupungua kadiri joto la mazingira linavyoongezeka. Hii ni kwa sababu ya ufanisi wa ndani wa quantum kupungua kwa joto la juu. Vipimo vya kupunguza (0.4 mA/°C zaidi ya 50°C) ni hatua ya moja kwa moja ya kukabiliana na athari hii ya joto kwenye utendaji na uaminifu.
• Usambazaji wa Wigo:Wigo utaonyesha kilele kimoja kilichozingatia 639 nm (λP) na upana wa 20 nm (Δλ), ikithibitisha utoaji wa mwanga nyekundu safi.

5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji

5.1 Package Dimensions

This LED is packaged in a surface-mount device (SMD) compliant with EIA standards. Its key mechanical feature is a height of 0.55 mm (H), qualifying it as "ultra-thin." Other primary dimensions (length and width) are typical for this type of chip LED, likely around 1.6mm x 0.8mm, but refer to the specification sheet for detailed drawings. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensional tolerances are ±0.10 mm.

5.2 Polarity Identification and Pad Design

The specification sheet includes recommendations for solder pad dimensions. Correct pad layout is crucial for reliable soldering and preventing tombstoning. The cathode (negative side) is typically marked, for example, by a green tint or a notch/chamfer on the package body. The recommended pad design will include a thermal pad pattern to ensure uniform heating during reflow and a stable mechanical connection.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guide

Kufuata miongozo hii ni muhimu kudumisha uaminifu wa kifaa na kuzuia uharibifu wakati wa mchakato wa kusanyiko.

• Reflow soldering:This LED is compatible with infrared reflow processes. The specified conditions are a peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 5 seconds. A preheating stage of 150-200°C for up to 120 seconds is recommended to minimize thermal shock. The device should not be subjected to more than two reflow cycles.
• Hand soldering:Ikiwa ni lazima, tumia chuma cha kuchomea, kichwa cha chuma kisizidi joto la 300°C, kila pini usichome sekunde 3. Kitendo hiki kifanyike mara moja tu.
• Usafishaji:Tumia tu dawa maalum ya kusafisha. Uchambuzi unapendekeza, ikiwa unahitaji kusafisha, weka kwenye ethanol au isopropanol kwa dakika moja chini ya joto la kawaida. Kemikali zisizotajwa zinaweza kuharibu lenzi za plastiki au mfuko wa epoxy.
• Uhifadhi:LEDs should be stored in an environment not exceeding 30°C and 60% relative humidity. Once removed from the original moisture barrier bag, they must undergo infrared reflow soldering within 672 hours (28 days, MSL 2a). For long-term storage outside the original bag, they must be kept in a sealed container with desiccant or in a nitrogen dry box. If storage exceeds 672 hours, baking at 60°C for at least 20 hours is required before soldering to remove absorbed moisture and prevent the "popcorn" effect during reflow.

7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza

The LTST-C191KRKT is supplied in industry-standard packaging suitable for automated assembly.

• Utepe na Reel:Kifaa kimefungwa kwenye utepe wa kubebeshaji wenye upana wa 8mm, ulio na reel yenye kipenyo cha inchi 13 (330mm).
• Idadi ya Ufungashaji:A standard reel contains 5000 pieces. For quantities less than a full reel, the minimum packaging quantity for the remainder is 500 pieces.
• Packaging Standard:Packaging complies with ANSI/EIA-481 specification. Carrier tape uses a top cover to seal empty component pockets. The maximum number of consecutive missing components ("missing LEDs") allowed in the carrier tape is two.

8. Maelezo ya Matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu

8.1 Drive Circuit Design

LED is a current-driven device. Its brightness is controlled by the forward current, not voltage. To ensure uniform brightness when driving multiple LEDs, especially in parallel,Inashauriwa sanaUnganisha kipingamizi maalum cha kudhibiti mkondo kwa kila LED mfululizo (Mfano wa Sakiti A).

Mfano wa Sakiti A (Inapendekezwa):[Vcc] -- [Resistor] -- [LED] -- [GND]. This configuration compensates for the natural differences in forward voltage (VF) between individual LEDs. Even when the same voltage is applied, an LED with a slightly lower VF, if connected in parallel without an independent resistor, will draw more current and appear brighter.

Circuit Model B (not recommended for parallel connection):It is not recommended to connect multiple LEDs directly in parallel to a single current-limiting resistor. Differences in I-V characteristics will lead to uneven current distribution, where one LED will draw most of the current, resulting in uneven brightness and subjecting one device to potential overstress.

8.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

LED ni nyeti kwa kutokwa kwa umeme tuli. Uharibifu wa ESD hauwezi kusababisha hitilafu mara moja, lakini utapunguza utendaji, na kusababisha mkondo wa juu wa uvujaji wa nyuma, voltage ya chini ya mbele, au kutoweza kutoa mwanga chini ya mkondo mdogo.

Hatua za Kuzuia:

• Tumia mkanda wa umeme au glavu za kuzuia umeme tuli wakati wa kushughulika na LED.
• Hakikisha vituo vyote vya kazi, vifaa na rafu za uhifadhi vimeingizwa kwenye ardhi ipasavyo.
• Tumia jenereta ya ioni ili kusawazisha malipo ya umeme tuli yanayoweza kujilimbikiza kwenye lenzi za plastiki wakati wa usindikaji.

8.3 Upeo wa Matumizi na Uthabiti

Uhakiki unasema, LED hii inafaa kwa vifaa vya kawaida vya elektroniki (vifaa vya ofisi, mawasiliano, vifaa vya nyumbani). Kwa matumizi yanayohitaji uaminifu wa juu sana na ambapo hitilafu inaweza kuhatarisha maisha au afya (anga, vifaa vya matibabu, mifumo ya usalama), ni muhimu kushauriana na mtengenezaji kabla ya kubuni na kuitumia. Waraka unarejelea majaribio ya kawaida ya uaminifu (majaribio ya uimara) yaliyofanywa kulingana na viwango vya tasnia, ili kuhakikisha bidhaa ina uimara chini ya hali ya kawaida ya kufanya kazi.

9. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Tofauti

Tofauti kuu ya LTST-C191KRKT iko katika mchanganyiko wa sifa zake:

• Ikilinganishwa na LED zenye unene wa kawaida:Urefu wake wa 0.55mm ndio faida muhimu, unaowezesha muundo ambao hauwezekani kwa LED za urefu wa 1.0mm+ za kawaida.
• Ikilinganisho na teknolojia nyingine za LED nyekundu:Ikilinganisho na teknolojia za zamani za GaAsP au GaP, matumizi ya AlInGaP yanatoa ufanisi bora wa kutolea mwanga (utoaji zaidi wa mwanga kwa kila mA), usawa bora wa rangi (wigo mwembamba zaidi) na utendaji bora katika joto la juu.
• Ikilinganisho na LED zisizopakwa kwenye reeli:Ufungaji wa reeli ya mkanda wa 8mm unahakikisha utangamano na mashine za kuchomelea kwa kasi ya juu, ambayo ni sababu muhimu ya kufikia uzalishaji wa kiwango kikubwa ikilinganishwa na ufungaji wa vifurushi vya mchanganyiko au vya fimbo.

10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)

Swali: Je, naweza kuendesha LED hii moja kwa moja kwa kutumia chanzo cha umeme cha mantiki ya 3.3V au 5V?
A: Hapana. Ni lazima kutumia upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo uliosanikishwa kwa mfululizo. Kwa mfano, kwa kutumia chanzo cha umeme cha 3.3V na mkondo unaolengwa wa 20mA (VF ya kawaida = 2.4V), thamani ya upinzani inapaswa kuwa R = (3.3V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 45 ohms. Upinzani wa kawaida wa 47 ohms unafaa.

Q: Kwa nini anuwai ya nguvu ya mwanga ni pana sana (18-180 mcd)?
A: Hii inaonyesha tofauti za asili katika mchakato wa utengenezaji. Mfumo wa kupanga darasa (M hadi R) unakuruhusu kununua LED ambazo zinahakikishiwa kuwa katika anuwai maalum na nyembamba zaidi ya mwangaza, ili kukidhi mahitaji ya uthabiti katika matumizi.

Q: Joto la reflow la 260°C ni mahitaji au thamani ya juu kabisa?
Jibu: Hii ndio joto la kilele cha juu ambacho kifurushi kinaweza kustahimili ndani ya sekunde 5. Mkunjo wa kawaida wa reflow utapanda hadi kilele kidogo chini ya thamani hii (k.m. 245-250°C) ili kutoa ukingo wa usalama.

Swali: Je, unawezaje kuhakikisha usawa wa mwangaza katika safu nyingi za LED?
Jibu: Tumia mfano wa mzunguko A: Panga kila LED na upinzani wa kujizuia wa kipekee. Wakati huo huo, bainisha kwa wauzaji LED zinazotoka kwenye kiwango sawa cha nguvu.

11. Mifano Halisi ya Usanifu na Matumizi

Mfano 1: LED ya Arifa ya Simu ya Mkono:Urefu mdogo wa 0.55mm unaruhusu LED hii kuwekwa nyuma ya glasi nyembamba za kisasa za simu za mkono na skrini za OLED. Pembe yake pana ya mtazamo wa 130° inahakikisha mwanga wa arifa unaonekana hata simu ikiwa imewekwa wima kwenye meza. Mbunifu huchagua viwango maalum vya nguvu (k.m. kiwango P au Q) kufikia kiwango cha mwangaza kinachohitajika, na kukifananisha na kipingamizi sahihi cha kikomo cha sasa kinachosukumwa na PMIC (Chipu ya Udhibiti wa Nguvu) ya simu.

Mfano 2: Taa za Nyuma za Paneli ya Udhibiti wa Hewa ya Gari:LED nyingi za LTST-C191KRKT zinaweza kutumika kwa taa za nyuma za vifungo au alama. Uwezo wao wa kukubaliana na IR reflow huwafanya waweze kutungwa kwenye PCB moja pamoja na vipengele vingine. Safu mpana ya joto la uendeshaji (-55°C hadi +85°C) inahakikisha utendakazi thabiti katika hali zote za hali ya hewa ndani ya gari. Wabunifu lazima wazingatie kupunguzwa kwa mkondo wa mbele (forward current derating) katika hali za joto la mazingira juu karibu na vifungu vya heater.

12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni za Kiufundi

LTST-C191KRKT inategemea teknolojia ya semiconductor ya AlInGaP. Wakati voltage chanya inatumika kwenye makutano ya PN, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye ufanisi. Muunganisho wao hutoa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa tabaka za alumini, indiamu, galiamu na fosforasi kwenye fuwele ya semiconductor huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, ambayo huamua moja kwa moja urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi) – katika mfano huu, mwanga mwekundu wa takriban 639 nm. Nyenzo za lenzi "wazi kama maji" kwa kawaida ni epoksi isiyo na rangi au silikoni, ambazo hazibadili rangi ya asili ya chip, na kuwezesha mwanga mwekundu safi kupita kwa ufanisi. Ufungaji nyembamba unapatikana kupitia teknolojia ya hali ya juu ya umbo na uwekaji chip, ambazo hupunguza umbali kati ya chip inayotoa mwanga na sehemu ya juu ya lenzi.

13. Industry Trends and Development

Mienendo ya LED za kiashiria na taa za nyuma yanaendelea kuelekea ufanisi zaidi, ukubwa mdogo na urefu mdogo. Urefu wa kifaa hiki wa 0.55mm unawakilisha hatua katika mwenendo wa miniaturization unaoendeshwa na vifaa vya matumizi ya watumiaji. Hata kwa LED ndogo za ishara, kuna msukumo endelevu wa ufanisi wa juu wa utoaji mwanga (lumeni zaidi kwa kila watt), ili kupunguza matumizi ya nguvu katika vifaa vinavyotumia betri. Zaidi ya hayo, ushirikishaji pia ni mwenendo, na baadhi ya matumizi yanaelekea kuelekea madereva wa LED yenye udhibiti wa sasa na utendakazi wa uchunguzi. Hata hivyo, vipengele tofauti kama vile LTST-C191KRKT bado ni muhimu kwa kubadilika kwa muundo, ufanisi wa gharama katika matumizi makubwa, na uaminifu wake uliothibitishwa katika ufungaji sanifu unaolingana na miundombinu ya kimataifa ya usanikishaji.