PLCC-2 琥珀色LED規格書 - 螢光粉轉換琥珀色 - 120°視角 - 3.0V @ 20mA - 汽車級

1. 產品概述

本文件詳述一款採用PLCC-2封裝的高可靠性表面黏著LED規格。此元件發射螢光粉轉換琥珀色光，在20毫安順向電流驅動下，典型發光強度為900毫燭光。其設計主要針對汽車內裝應用，此類應用對性能一致性、長期可靠性及符合嚴苛產業標準至關重要。

此LED具備120度寬廣視角，適用於需要廣域均勻照明的應用，例如開關與儀表板的背光。它通過汽車應用離散光電半導體AEC-Q102標準認證，確保符合車輛使用所需的嚴格品質與可靠性要求。此外，產品符合RoHS、REACH及無鹵素規範等環保指令，與現代製造及生態標準接軌。

2. 深入技術參數分析

2.1 光度與電氣特性

核心操作參數定義於20毫安順向電流及25°C環境溫度的典型條件下。順向電壓典型值為3.0伏特，指定範圍為2.5V至3.5V。此參數對於設計驅動電路及確保穩定供電至關重要。_F主要光度輸出為發光強度，典型值為900 mcd。此特定料號的最小與最大極限值分別為560 mcd與1400 mcd。需注意光通量測量公差為±8%。主色度座標指定為(0.56, 0.42)，公差為±0.005，確保各生產批次的琥珀色輸出保持一致。_F2.2 絕對最大額定值與熱管理

超出這些限制操作可能導致永久損壞。絕對最大連續順向電流為30 mA，最大功耗為75 mW。對於短脈衝，元件可承受高達250 mA的突波電流。接面溫度不得超過125°C，操作溫度範圍為-40°C至+110°C。_V熱管理對LED性能與壽命至關重要。規格書指定兩個熱阻值：最大實際熱阻為160 K/W，最大電氣熱阻為120 K/W。這些值代表從半導體接面到焊點的熱阻抗，指導散熱設計。順向電流降額曲線清楚顯示，隨著焊墊溫度升高，最大允許連續電流必須降低，在110°C時降至27 mA。

3. 分級系統說明

為管理生產變異，LED根據關鍵參數進行分級。理解此系統對於設計一致性至關重要。_FM3.1 發光強度分級_J發光強度使用字母數字代碼系統分級，範圍從L1到GA。針對此特定料號，可能的輸出級別落在V1與V2範圍內，典型值900 mcd位於邊界。_{3.2 色度與順向電壓分級}螢光粉轉換琥珀色在CIE色度圖上的特定區域內定義。提供的分級結構顯示了定義琥珀色發光允許色域的座標代碼。順向電壓亦以代碼分級，典型3.0V值落在2730級別內。

4. 性能曲線分析_{規格書包含數張圖表，描繪電氣、熱與光學參數之間的關係。}4.1 電氣與光學關係_{順向電流對順向電壓圖顯示典型的二極體指數特性。相對發光強度對順向電流曲線在典型20mA點之前近乎線性，表示在正常操作範圍內效率穩定。色度座標偏移對順向電流圖顯示顏色隨電流變化極小，這對穩定的顏色輸出是理想的。}4.2 溫度依賴性

溫度顯著影響LED性能。相對順向電壓對接面溫度曲線顯示負溫度係數，隨著溫度升高線性下降。此特性有時可用於溫度感測。相反地，相對發光強度對接面溫度曲線顯示光輸出隨溫度升高明顯下降，此現象稱為熱衰減。因此，有效的熱設計對於維持亮度至關重要。色度座標偏移對接面溫度圖顯示，與電流變化相比，溫度引起的顏色偏移更為明顯，在高精度顏色應用中必須考慮此點。

4.3 光譜與輻射圖型

波長特性圖顯示螢光粉轉換琥珀色光的相對光譜功率分佈，通常在黃琥珀色區域有一個寬峰。典型輻射圖型特性圖說明了空間強度分佈，確認了寬廣的120°視角，在離軸±60°處強度降至峰值的一半。

5. 機械、組裝與包裝資訊

5.1 實體尺寸與極性

元件封裝於標準PLCC-2表面黏著封裝中。機械圖提供了本體長、寬、高及引腳間距的精確尺寸。陰極通常由封裝上的視覺標記識別，例如凹口、圓點或切角，圖中清楚標示。組裝時的正確方向至關重要。_F5.2 焊接與迴焊指南

提供了建議的焊墊佈局，以確保可靠的焊點形成與適當的機械穩定性。根據提供的迴焊曲線圖，元件額定用於峰值溫度260°C、最長30秒的迴焊。此曲線定義了關鍵區域：預熱、均熱、迴焊及冷卻。遵循此曲線可防止對LED封裝與內部晶片造成熱損傷。

5.3 包裝與處理

LED以捲帶包裝供應，以相容自動化取放組裝設備。包裝資訊詳述了捲盤尺寸、帶寬、口袋間距及元件在帶上的方向。濕度敏感等級為3級，表示封裝在需要烘烤前，可暴露於工廠環境條件下最長168小時。建議按照IPC/JEDEC標準進行適當處理，以避免迴焊過程中因濕氣造成損壞。

6. 應用說明與設計考量6.1 主要應用情境此LED專為汽車內裝照明設計。包括但不限於：開關與控制背光、儀表板照明及一般環境照明。琥珀色常因其在夜間感知眩光較低，以及傳統上用於警告/指示功能而被選用。6.2 電路設計與注意事項與所有LED一樣，電流調節是強制性的；應使用恆流源驅動，而非恆壓源，以確保穩定的光輸出並防止熱失控。使用電壓源時，串聯限流電阻是最簡單的方法。驅動電路必須遵守絕對最大額定值，包括反向電壓限制。在處理與組裝過程中應實施靜電放電防護措施。規格書亦包含特定使用注意事項與硫化物測試標準，強調在含有硫化氫等腐蝕性氣體的惡劣環境中可能發生的失效模式。7. 技術比較與市場背景與非汽車級LED相比，此元件的關鍵差異在於其AEC-Q102認證、擴展的操作溫度範圍及針對汽車環境的增強可靠性測試。螢光粉轉換琥珀色技術相較於某些傳統琥珀色晶片LED，提供更一致且飽和的顏色，對驅動電流與溫度變化的耐受性更好。PLCC-2封裝在緊湊佔位面積與改善的熱性能之間取得良好平衡。

8. 常見問題

問：實際熱阻與電氣熱阻有何不同？ 答：電氣熱阻是從溫度敏感電氣參數計算得出，而實際熱阻可能使用實體感測器量測。電氣值通常較低；設計師應使用較保守的實際熱阻值進行最壞情況熱設計。問：我可以持續以30mA驅動此LED嗎？ 答：雖然30mA是絕對最大額定值，但不建議在此電流下持續操作。請參考順向電流降額曲線。在較高的焊墊溫度下，最大允許連續電流顯著低於30mA。設計時應以典型20mA或更低為目標，以確保壽命與可靠性。問：如何解讀發光強度分級代碼以進行訂購？ 答：料號指定了特定的分級組合。若要請求不同的強度或顏色分級，您需要查閱訂購資訊或聯繫供應商，以取得對應產品系列中所需V1、V2或其他分級的特定後綴代碼。_F9. 設計案例研究考慮為汽車中控台開關面板設計背光。設計要求多個按鈕具備均勻、低眩光的照明。使用此PLCC-2琥珀色LED，其寬廣的120°視角有助於在擴散片下均勻散佈光線。設計一個恆流驅動電路為每個LED提供18mA電流，提供安全餘裕並降低接面溫度。PCB佈局的熱分析確保在最壞情況的車廂環境溫度下，焊墊溫度維持在85°C以下，使LED保持在降額電流限制內。AEC-Q102認證提供了對元件承受汽車振動與溫度循環能力的信心。10. 技術原理與趨勢原理：這是一款螢光粉轉換LED。它可能使用藍色或近紫外半導體晶片。一部分的原始光被陶瓷或矽膠基螢光粉層吸收，並以較長波長重新發射光線。剩餘原始光與螢光粉轉換光的組合產生了感知的琥珀色。此方法通常比使用直接發射琥珀色的半導體材料提供更好的顏色一致性與穩定性。趨勢：汽車照明市場持續要求更高的可靠性、更高的效率及小型化。有朝向更高整合度的趨勢，例如內建驅動器或控制IC的LED。此外，先進駕駛輔助系統與自動駕駛車輛的推動，增加了LED在內裝感測應用中的使用，這可能驅動對特定光譜輸出或調變能力的需求。環保合規性仍是整個產業強勁且不容妥協的趨勢。

.3 Spectral and Radiation Patterns

TheWavelength Characteristicsgraph shows the relative spectral power distribution of the phosphor-converted amber light, typically featuring a broad peak in the yellow-amber region. TheTypical Diagram Characteristics of Radiationillustrates the spatial intensity distribution, confirming the wide 120° viewing angle where intensity drops to half of its peak value at ±60° off-axis.

. Mechanical, Assembly, and Packaging Information

.1 Physical Dimensions and Polarity

The component is housed in a standard PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) surface-mount package. The mechanical drawing provides precise dimensions for the body length, width, height, and lead spacing. The cathode is typically identified by a visual marker such as a notch or a dot on the package, or a chamfered corner, which is clearly indicated in the drawing. Correct orientation during assembly is vital.

.2 Soldering and Reflow Guidelines

A recommended solder pad layout (land pattern) is provided to ensure reliable solder joint formation and proper mechanical stability. The device is rated for reflow soldering with a peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 30 seconds, as per the provided reflow soldering profile graph. This profile defines the critical zones: preheat, soak, reflow (with time above liquidus), and cooling. Adherence to this profile prevents thermal damage to the LED package and internal die.

.3 Packaging and Handling

The LEDs are supplied on tape and reel for compatibility with automated pick-and-place assembly equipment. Packaging information details the reel dimensions, tape width, pocket spacing, and orientation of components on the tape. The Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) is rated at 3, meaning the package can be exposed to factory floor conditions (≤ 30°C / 60% RH) for up to 168 hours before requiring baking. Proper handling per IPC/JEDEC standards is recommended to avoid moisture-induced damage during reflow.

. Application Notes and Design Considerations

.1 Primary Application Scenarios

This LED is explicitly designed forAutomotive Interior Lighting. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Backlighting for Switches and Controls:Gear selectors, window switches, climate control panels.
• Instrument Cluster Illumination:Backlighting for gauges and warning indicators.
• General Ambient Lighting:Footwell lights, cupholder illumination, and other cabin accent lighting.

.2 Circuit Design and Precautions

As with all LEDs, current regulation is mandatory; the device should be driven by a constant current source, not a constant voltage source, to ensure stable light output and prevent thermal runaway. A series current-limiting resistor is the simplest method when using a voltage supply. The driver circuit must respect the absolute maximum ratings, including the reverse voltage limitation (the device is not designed for reverse operation).

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection measures should be implemented during handling and assembly, as the device has an ESD sensitivity of 8kV (Human Body Model). The datasheet also includes specificPrecautions for UseandSulfur Test Criteria, highlighting potential failure modes in harsh environments containing corrosive gases like hydrogen sulfide, which can attack silver-plated leads. This is particularly relevant for automotive applications where such environments may be encountered.

. Technical Comparison and Market Context

Compared to non-automotive grade LEDs, this device's key differentiators are its AEC-Q102 qualification, extended operating temperature range (-40°C to +110°C), and enhanced reliability testing for automotive environments. The Phosphor Converted Amber technology offers a more consistent and saturated color compared to some traditional amber chip LEDs, with better tolerance to drive current and temperature variations. The PLCC-2 package provides a good balance between a compact footprint and improved thermal performance over smaller packages like 0402 or 0603, due to its larger thermal pad area.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is the difference between real and electrical thermal resistance (R_{th JS})?

A: The electrical R_this calculated from the temperature-sensitive electrical parameter (the forward voltage), while the real R_thmight be measured with a physical sensor. The electrical value is often lower; designers should use the more conservative (higher) real R_thvalue of 160 K/W for worst-case thermal design.

Q: Can I drive this LED at 30mA continuously?

A: While 30mA is the absolute maximum rating, continuous operation at this current is not recommended. Refer to the forward current derating curve. At an elevated solder pad temperature (e.g., 80°C), the maximum allowable continuous current is significantly lower than 30mA. Design for the typical 20mA or lower to ensure longevity and reliability.

Q: How do I interpret the luminous intensity bin code for ordering?

A> The part number 65-11-PA0200H-AM specifies a particular bin combination. To request a different intensity or color bin, you would need to consult the ordering information or contact the supplier for the specific suffix codes that correspond to the desired V1, V2, or other bins within the product family.

. Design-in Case Study

Consider designing backlighting for an automotive center console switch panel. The design requires uniform, low-glare illumination across multiple buttons. Using this PLCC-2 amber LED, the wide 120° viewing angle helps spread light evenly under a diffuser. A constant-current driver circuit is designed to supply 18mA (slightly below the 20mA typical) to each LED, providing a safety margin and reducing junction temperature. Thermal analysis of the PCB layout ensures the solder pad temperature remains below 85°C in the worst-case ambient cabin temperature (70°C), keeping the LEDs within the derated current limits. The AEC-Q102 qualification provides confidence in the component's ability to withstand automotive vibration and temperature cycling.

. Technology Principle and Trends

Principle:This is a Phosphor Converted LED. It likely uses a blue or near-UV semiconductor die. A portion of the primary light is absorbed by a ceramic or silicone-based phosphor layer, which re-emits light at longer wavelengths. The combination of the remaining primary light and the phosphor-converted light results in the perceived amber color. This method often provides better color consistency and stability than using a direct-emitting amber semiconductor material.

Trends:The automotive lighting market continues to demand higher reliability, greater efficiency (lumens per watt), and miniaturization. There is a trend towards higher integration, such as LEDs with built-in drivers or control ICs. Furthermore, the push for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles is increasing the use of LEDs for interior sensing applications (e.g., driver monitoring), which may drive requirements for specific spectral outputs or modulation capabilities. Environmental compliance (RoHS, REACH, halogen-free) remains a strong and non-negotiable trend across the industry.