Full-Color LED 2.8x2.7x3.0mm Specifications - Voltage 1.7-3.4V - Power 60-68mW - English Technical Datasheet

1. Product Overview

This full-color LED device integrates red, green, and blue emitters in a compact 2.8mm x 2.7mm x 3.0mm surface-mount package. The matte surface design significantly reduces glare and enhances contrast, making it ideal for high-quality video displays. The LED offers high luminous intensity with low power dissipation, long operational life, and IPX6 water resistance, enabling reliable performance in outdoor and demanding environments. Moisture sensitivity level 5a (MSL 5a) ensures robust handling during assembly. The product is RoHS compliant and suitable for lead-free reflow soldering processes.

The device is designed for full-color video screens, indoor and outdoor decorative lighting, amusement applications, and general signage. With carefully matched wavelengths and high brightness, it delivers vivid colors and excellent uniformity.

2. Technical Parameter Depth Analysis

2.1 Electrical and Optical Characteristics

At Ts=25°C, the LED operates with a forward current (IF) of 20mA for typical applications. The forward voltage (VF) ranges are: Red 1.7V to 2.4V, Green 2.7V to 3.4V, Blue 2.7V to 3.4V. The dominant wavelength (λD) varies by color: Red 617-628nm, Green 520-545nm, Blue 460-475nm. The spectrum radiation bandwidth (Δλ) is 24nm for Red, 38nm for Green, and 30nm for Blue, providing saturated color purity. Luminous intensity (IV) values at 20mA include minimum, average, and maximum: Red min 1000mcd, avg 1500mcd, max 2250mcd; Green min 2300mcd, avg 3500mcd, max 5200mcd; Blue min 350mcd, avg 520mcd, max 780mcd. Viewing angle (2θ1/2) is 70-80° for Red, 60-70° for Green, and 75-85° for Blue, ensuring wide coverage.

2.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings

At Ts=25°C, the maximum ratings ensure safe operation under extreme conditions: Forward current (IF) max: Red 25mA, Green 20mA, Blue 20mA; Peak forward current (IFP) 80mA for all colors with 1/10 duty cycle and 0.1ms pulse width. Reverse voltage (VR) is 5V. Operating temperature range from -30°C to +85°C, storage temperature from -40°C to +100°C. Power dissipation (PD) limits: Red 60mW, Green 68mW, Blue 68mW. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) withstand voltage (HBM) 1000V. Care must be taken not to exceed these ratings to avoid permanent damage.

2.3 Thermal Characteristics

The LED's performance is temperature-dependent. The forward voltage decreases with increasing temperature, while luminous intensity drops. At high ambient temperatures, derating of forward current is required to keep junction temperature safe. The recommended soldering temperature profile ensures reliable solder joints without thermal stress. For long-term operation, the LED surface temperature should be kept below 55°C and the lead temperature below 75°C to maintain optimal brightness and lifespan.

3. Binning System

The LED is sorted into bins based on luminous intensity (IV), forward voltage (VF), and dominant wavelength (Wd). Binning ensures consistency across batches for uniform display performance. The label includes bin codes that identify the specific intensity, voltage, wavelength, and forward current grade. Customers can select appropriate bins based on their application requirements. The detailed binning data is provided on the product label attached to each reel.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

4.1 Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current

The typical curves show that as forward voltage increases, forward current rises exponentially. At 2.0V, Red current is ~10mA; at 2.4V, it reaches 20mA. Green and Blue have higher voltage thresholds. These curves help designers set proper drive conditions and calculate power dissipation.

4.2 Forward Current vs. Relative Luminous Intensity

Relative intensity increases almost linearly with forward current up to 30mA for Red and 20mA for Green/Blue. Operating at lower currents extends life and reduces heat, while higher currents boost brightness but must stay within absolute maximums.

4.3 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

Intensity drops as temperature rises: at 85°C, relative intensity falls to about 0.6 for Red and 0.5 for Green/Blue compared to 25°C. Thermal management is critical in high-density arrays.

4.4 Solder Temperature vs. Forward Current Derating

Above 25°C, allowable forward current must be reduced. At 85°C, Red can tolerate 18mA, Green/Blue 15mA. This derating prevents overheating and ensures reliability.

4.5 Spectrum Distribution

The spectral curves show narrow emission peaks: Red at ~625nm, Green at ~530nm, Blue at ~465nm. The narrow bandwidths contribute to high color purity and saturation, essential for vivid displays.

4.6 Radiation Angle

Directivity patterns (X-X and Y-Y) indicate broad angular coverage. At ±45°, relative intensity remains above 70% for all colors, ensuring uniform light distribution across viewing angles.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The LED measures 2.8mm (length) x 2.7mm (width) x 3.0mm (height). Tolerances are ±0.1mm unless noted. The bottom view shows six pads: 1R+, 2R-, 3G+, 4G-, 5B+, 6B-. Polarity is clearly marked. Recommended soldering patterns match pad layout.

5.2 Carrier Tape and Reel

Components are packaged in carrier tape with dimensions: pitch 4mm, width 8mm, cavity size 3.0mm x 2.8mm x 1.1mm. Reel outer diameter 330.2mm, hub diameter 79.5mm, with specific tolerances. Each reel contains 2000 pieces.

5.3 Label Specification

The label on each reel includes part number, lot number, bin code (IV, VF, Wd, IF), quantity, and date code. This enables traceability and ensures correct bin selection.

5.4 Moisture Resistant Packing

To protect against moisture, the LED is sealed in an anti-static moisture-proof aluminum foil bag with desiccant and a humidity indicator card. If the indicator shows humidity ≥30%, baking is required before use.

5.5 Cardboard Box

Reels are packed in sturdy cardboard boxes for transport. The box dimensions are not specified but designed to prevent damage.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guide

6.1 Reflow Soldering Profile

Recommended reflow soldering follows a standard lead-free profile: preheat from 150°C to 200°C for 60-120 seconds, ramp up at ≤4°C/s to peak temperature 250°C (max), time above 217°C (TL) not exceeding 60 seconds, cooling at ≤6°C/s. Only one reflow is allowed. Use middle-temperature solder paste. Do not apply mechanical stress during heating. After soldering, allow the product to cool to room temperature before handling.

6.2 Soldering Iron

If hand soldering is necessary, keep iron temperature below 300°C and contact time less than 3 seconds. Only one hand solder operation is permitted.

6.3 Repairing

Repair should be avoided after soldering. If unavoidable, use a double-head soldering iron and pre-verify that the LED's characteristics will not be damaged.

6.4 Cleaning

Prefer no-clean solder paste; if cleaning is required, use isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Do not use ultrasonic cleaning. Test any alternative solvent beforehand to ensure no damage to the LED.

6.5 Storage and Handling Precautions

Unopened packages have a shelf life of one year when stored at ≤30°C and ≤60% RH. After opening, solder within 24 hours or store at ≤30°C and ≤10% RH. Baked condition: 65±5°C for 24 hours (if humidity indicator shows ≥30% or expiration exceeded). For longer storage (2-6 months or >6 months), bake for 24h or 48h respectively. Always wear anti-static bracelets and ensure equipment grounding. Avoid direct contact with epoxy surface to prevent internal circuit damage.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

Standard packaging: 2000 pieces per reel. Carrier tape and reel dimensions follow EIA specifications. The label contains part number, lot number, quantity, and bin information. Orders should specify required bin codes for intensity, voltage, and wavelength if needed. Minimum order quantity may apply.

8. Application Notes

This LED is suitable for outdoor full-color video screens where high brightness and contrast are needed. The matte surface reduces reflection, improving readability in direct sunlight. For indoor decorative lighting, the wide viewing angle ensures uniform illumination. In amusement applications, the IPX6 rating allows exposure to rain and splashes. Designers should ensure proper heat sinking, especially in dense arrays, to keep surface temperature below 55°C. Use constant-current drivers to maintain stable brightness. Reverse voltage protection is recommended: the LED can withstand up to 5V reverse, but prolonged reverse bias can cause damage. For safety, keep reverse voltage below 10V in circuit design.

9. Technical Comparison

Compared to standard glossy surface full-color LEDs, this matte surface version offers higher contrast and lower glare, making it superior for high-end video walls. The narrow wavelength bins (e.g., Red 617-628nm) provide more saturated reds than wider-bin competitors. The high luminous intensity (up to 5200mcd green) enables lower power consumption for the same screen brightness. The IPX6 rating is a distinct advantage for outdoor applications, while many equivalent products only offer IPX4 or no water resistance. MSL 5a allows longer floor life (24 hours) compared to MSL 2a (72 hours) but requires careful moisture control; this is a trade-off for higher moisture sensitivity.

10. Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I drive the LED at 30mA continuously? No, the absolute maximum forward current is 25mA for Red and 20mA for Green/Blue. Continuous operation above these ratings will damage the LED.

Q: What is the typical lifetime? The datasheet does not specify exact lifetime, but based on reliability tests (1000 hours at 85°C/85%RH, thermal shock, etc.), the LED is designed for long life (>50,000 hours under recommended conditions).

Q: Is the LED suitable for full-color video at high refresh rates? Yes, the fast response time of LEDs (<1μs) makes them ideal for PWM dimming up to several kHz.

Q: How do I interpret the bin code on the label? The bin code contains four parameters: IV (luminous intensity range), VF (forward voltage range), Wd (dominant wavelength range), and IF (test current). Use this information to match LEDs for uniform display.

Q: Can I reflow solder twice? No, only one reflow soldering is allowed. Double reflow may cause die attach failure or wire bond degradation.

11. Case Study: Outdoor LED Screen Using This Device

A manufacturer designed a P6 outdoor full-color LED screen using 8x8 matrix modules of this LED. The matte surface minimized sunlight reflection, achieving 5000 nits brightness with good contrast. The IPX6 rating allowed operation in rainy conditions without additional potting. After 2000 hours of accelerated life test at 55°C ambient, the average intensity degradation was less than 15%, confirming reliability. The narrow wavelength bins ensured consistent color across the entire screen.

12. Principle of Operation

This LED is a semiconductor device based on p-n junction electroluminescence. Each color chip (Red: AlInGaP or GaAsP, Green/Blue: InGaN) emits light when forward-biased. The wavelength is determined by the bandgap of the semiconductor material. Red uses a direct bandgap alloy with lower energy, while Green and Blue use higher energy indium gallium nitride. The matte surface is achieved through a surface treatment that diffuses light, reducing glare without significant loss of efficiency. The package design incorporates a reflector cup and clear epoxy lens (matte finish) that also provides mechanical protection and moisture resistance.

13. Development Trends

The industry trend for full-color LEDs is towards smaller packages with higher pixel density (e.g., 2.0x2.0mm for 4K screens), higher brightness per die (achieving >10,000mcd for green), and improved weather resistance (IPX8). This 2.8x2.7x3.0mm package represents a mature size that balances ease of soldering and optical performance. Future developments may focus on narrower wavelength bins for better color gamut coverage (e.g., DCI-P3) and better thermal management to allow higher drive currents without premature aging. The use of silicone encapsulation instead of epoxy is also increasing for higher reliability in extreme environments.