Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfurin
- 1.1 Bayani Gabaɗaya
- 1.2 Abubuwan Fasaha
- 1.3 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Nazarin Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Gani (Ta=25°C)
- 2.2 Matsayin Matsakaicin Ƙarfi (Ta=25°C)
- 2.3 Tsarin Rarraba Rukuni
- 3. Taswirorin Aiki
- 3.1 Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba
- 3.2 Ƙarfin Haskewa na Dangi da Ƙarfin Gaba
- 3.3 Tasirin Zazzabin Fil
- 3.4 Tsawon Igyar Hasken Rinjaye da Ƙarfin Gaba
- 3.5 Rarraba Bakan
- 3.6 Samfurin Radiation
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
- 4.1 Girman Kunshe
- 4.2 Tef ɗin Dako da Rabil
- 4.3 Bayanin Lakabi
- 5. Dogaro da Gwaji
- 5.1 Sharuɗɗan Gwajin Dogaro
- 5.2 Ma'aunin Gazawa
- 6. Jagororin Tafki SMT
- 6.1 Samfurin Tafki
- 6.2 Tafki da Gyara da Hannu
- 7. Kariya da Ajiye
- 7.1 Hani na Muhalli
- 7.2 Sharuɗɗan Ajiye
- 7.3 Kariya daga ESD
- 7.4 Tsaftacewa
- 8. Bayanin Oda
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayanin Samfurin
1.1 Bayani Gabaɗaya
Wannan LED mai launuka biyu an yi shi ta amfani da guntun orange da guntun kore a cikin ƙaramin kunshe mai girman 1.6mm x 1.6mm x 0.7mm. An ƙera shi don haɗawa ta hanyar fasahar SMT kuma ya dace da aikace-aikace da yawa na nuni da nuni.
1.2 Abubuwan Fasaha
- Kusurwar gani mai faɗi sosai na digiri 140.
- Ya dace da duk matakan haɗawa SMT da tafiyar tafki.
- Matakin hankali ga danshi: Mataki 3 (bisa ga J-STD-020).
- Ya bi ka'idar RoHS.
1.3 Aikace-aikace
- Nunin gani
- Maɓallai, alamomi, da nuni
- Haskakawa da siginar gabaɗaya
2. Nazarin Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Gani (Ta=25°C)
A tsayayyen ƙarfin gaba na 20mA, na'urar tana nuna halaye masu zuwa:
- Tsawon igiyar haske mai rinjaye:Orange: 620-630nm (yawanci 623nm); Kore: 520-530nm (yawanci 525nm). An rarraba tsawon igiyar zuwa ƙananan rukuni don sarrafa shi sosai.
- Faɗin Rabin Bandi:Orange: 15nm; Kore: 30nm.
- Ƙarfin Gaba:Orange: 1.8-2.4V (yawanci 2.0V); Kore: 2.8-3.6V (yawanci 3.2V). An rarraba zuwa takamaiman kewayon ƙarfi.
- Ƙarfin Haskewa:Orange: 150-430 mcd (an rarraba zuwa C1-I2); Kore: 260-900 mcd (an rarraba zuwa H00-1CM).
- Kusurwar Gani:Digiri 140 (a rabin ƙarfi).
- Ƙarfin Komawa:≤10 μA a VR=5V.
- Juriyar Zafi (Haɗin Junction zuwa Wurin Tafki):450°C/W.
2.2 Matsayin Matsakaicin Ƙarfi (Ta=25°C)
| Ma'auni | Alama | Orange | Kore | Na'urar |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ragewar Wuta | Pd | 72 | 108 | mW |
| Ƙarfin Gaba | IF | 30 | mA | |
| Ƙarfin Gaba Mafi Girma (Pulse) | IFP | 60 | mA | |
| ESD (HBM) | ESD | 1000 | V | |
| Zazzabin Aiki | Topr | -40 ~ +85 | °C | |
| Zazzabin Ajiye | Tstg | -40 ~ +85 | °C | |
| Zazzabin Junction | Tj | 95 | °C | |
Lura: An ƙayyade ƙarfin gaba mafi girma a rabon aiki 1/10, faɗin bugun 0.1ms. Ana buƙatar kula da zafi da kyau don tabbatar da cewa zazzabin junction bai wuce 95°C ba.
2.3 Tsarin Rarraba Rukuni
Ana rarraba na'urar zuwa rukuni don tsawon igiyar haske mai rinjaye, ƙarfin gaba, da ƙarfin haskewa don sauƙaƙe aiki mai daidaito a aikace-aikace. Ga orange, rukunin tsawon igiyar sun haɗa da E00 (620-625nm) da F00 (625-630nm). Ga kore, rukunin sun haɗa da E10 (520-522.5nm), E20 (522.5-525nm), F10 (525-527.5nm), F20 (527.5-530nm). Rukunin ƙarfin gaba an sanya su B1 (1.8-1.9V), B2 (1.9-2.0V) ga orange; ga kore, rukunin sun fito daga 2.8-2.9V har zuwa 3.5-3.6V. Rukunin ƙarfin haskewa an ƙididdige su C1 zuwa J2 ga orange da H00 zuwa 1CM ga kore. An rubuta lambobin rukuni akan lakabin marufi.
3. Taswirorin Aiki
An bayar da taswirorin aiki na yau da kullun masu zuwa don tunani a Ta=25°C sai dai idan an bayyana wani.
3.1 Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba
A ƙananan ƙarfi, ƙarfin gaba yana ƙaruwa da logarithm tare da ƙarfi. Taswirar VF-IF tana nuna cewa a 20mA, ƙarfin gaba yana kusan 2.0V ga orange da 3.2V ga kore. A mafi girma ƙarfi, ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa saboda juriyar jeri.
3.2 Ƙarfin Haskewa na Dangi da Ƙarfin Gaba
Ƙarfin haskewa na dangi yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin gaba har zuwa 30mA, yana nuna alaƙar kusan madaidaici ga launuka biyu. A 20mA, ƙarfin yana daidai da ƙididdigarsa na yau da kullun.
3.3 Tasirin Zazzabin Fil
Yayin da zazzabin yanayi ko fil ya tashi, ƙarfin haskewa na dangi yana raguwa. A 85°C, ƙarfin yana faɗuwa zuwa kusan 80% na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Hakanan ana rage yawan ƙarfin gaba da aka yarda tare da ƙaruwar zazzabi; a zazzabin fil sama da 85°C, dole ne a rage ƙarfin don guje wa wuce iyakar zazzabin junction.
3.4 Tsawon Igyar Hasken Rinjaye da Ƙarfin Gaba
Ga orange, tsawon igiyar haske mai rinjaye yana canzawa kaɗan (~1-2nm) tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfi. Ga kore, canjin yana da ƙanƙanta akan kewayon 0-30mA. Wannan bayani yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen launi.
3.5 Rarraba Bakan
Hasken orange yana fitowa a kusa da 623nm tare da FWHM na 15nm; hasken kore yana fitowa a kusa da 525nm tare da FWHM na 30nm. Bakan baya nuna kololuwa na biyu, yana tabbatar da fitar da launi mai tsabta.
3.6 Samfurin Radiation
Samfurin radiation yana kama da Lambertian tare da kusurwar gani mai faɗi na digiri 140, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuni inda ake buƙatar faɗin kusurwa.
4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
4.1 Girman Kunshe
Kunshen LED yana auna 1.6mm x 1.6mm x 0.7mm (LxWxH). Duban ƙasa yana nuna pads huɗu: pad 1 (anode ga kore), pad 2 (cathode ga kore), pad 3 (anode ga orange), pad 4 (cathode ga orange). An nuna polarity ta alama akan kunshe. Samfurin tafki yana ba da shawarar pads 0.8mm x 0.6mm ga kowane tasha.
4.2 Tef ɗin Dako da Rabil
Ana shirya na'urorin a cikin tef ɗin dako mai faɗi 8mm, tazarar 4mm, da zurfin aljihu 1.83mm. Kowane rabil yana ɗaukar guda 4000. Diamita na rabil shine 178mm (inci 7) tare da diamita na cibiya 60mm.
4.3 Bayanin Lakabi
Lakabin ya haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar spec, lambar lot, lambobin rukuni (tsawon igiyar, ƙarfi, haskewa), yawa, da lambar kwanan wata. Lambobin rukuni suna ba da damar gano takamaiman ma'auni na aiki.
5. Dogaro da Gwaji
5.1 Sharuɗɗan Gwajin Dogaro
An tabbatar da LED bisa ga ka'idodin JEDEC. Gwaje-gwajen sun haɗa da:
- Tafki: 260°C mafi girma, daƙiƙa 10, sau 2.
- Zazzabin Cycle: -40°C zuwa 100°C, zagaye 100.
- Girgizar Zazzabi: -40°C zuwa 100°C, zagaye 300.
- Ajiye a Babban Zazzabi: 100°C, sa'o'i 1000.
- Ajiye a Ƙananan Zazzabi: -40°C, sa'o'i 1000.
- Gwajin Rayuwa: 25°C, 20mA, sa'o'i 1000.
Duk gwaje-gwajen an wuce su ba tare da gazawar da aka yarda ba (Ac/Re 0/1) akan samfurori masu girma 22.
5.2 Ma'aunin Gazawa
Bayan gwajin dogaro, ana ɗaukar canje-canje masu zuwa a matsayin gazawa: ƙaruwar ƙarfin gaba >10% sama da iyakar spec, ƙarfin komawa >2x iyakar spec, da raguwar haske ƙasa da 70% na iyakar spec.
6. Jagororin Tafki SMT
6.1 Samfurin Tafki
Samfurin tafki da aka ba da shawara shine kamar haka:
- Matsakaicin hawan hawan (Tsmax zuwa TP): ≤3°C/s
- Preheat: 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120
- Lokaci sama da 217°C: daƙiƙa 60-150
- Matsayin zazzabi mafi girma: 260°C, mafi girma daƙiƙa 10
- Matsakaicin sanyaya: ≤6°C/s
- Lokaci daga 25°C zuwa mafi girma: ≤minti 8
Tafki bai kamata ya wuce sau biyu ba. Idan fiye da sa'o'i 24 sun wuce tsakanin ayyukan tafki, ana buƙatar gasa don cire danshi.
6.2 Tafki da Gyara da Hannu
Ana ba da izinin tafki da hannu tare da zazzabin ƙarfen tafki ƙasa da 300°C na ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3, kuma an yarda da zagaye ɗaya kawai na tafki. Don gyara, ana ba da shawarar ƙarfen tafki mai kai biyu don guje wa lalacewar kunshe.
7. Kariya da Ajiye
7.1 Hani na Muhalli
Ya kamata a yi amfani da LED a wuraren da sulfur ya gaza 100 ppm, kuma abubuwan halogen (bromine, chlorine) kowanne ya gaza 900 ppm, tare da jimillar halogens ƙasa da 1500 ppm. Abubuwan da ke ƙonewa (VOCs) na iya haifar da canza launi na ruwan tabarau na silicone, don haka ya kamata a gwada kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin na'urar don dacewa.
7.2 Sharuɗɗan Ajiye
Kafin buɗe jakar kariya daga danshi, ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤75% RH har zuwa shekara 1. Bayan buɗewa, dole ne a yi amfani da LEDs a cikin sa'o'i 168 a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan lokacin ajiye ya wuce ko kuma na'urar bushewa ta ɓace, gasa a 60±5°C na akalla sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani.
7.3 Kariya daga ESD
LED yana da hankali ga fitar da lantarki a tsaye (ESD) da damuwa na lantarki mai yawa (EOS). Ya kamata a ɗauki matakan kariya na ESD, kamar wuraren aiki da aka yi ƙasa da igiyoyin wuyan hannu, yayin mu'amala.
7.4 Tsaftacewa
Ana ba da shawarar tsaftacewa bayan tafki idan tsafta tana da mahimmanci. Isopropyl alcohol shine sauran ƙarfi mai dacewa. Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic ba saboda yana iya lalata LED. Tabbatar cewa sauran ƙarfi ba su lalata kayan kunshe ba.
8. Bayanin Oda
Ana ba da na'urar a cikin marufi na tef da rabil tare da guda 4000 a kowane rabil. Lambar sashi da lambobin rukuni an buga su a lakabin rabil. Don yin oda na rukuni na musamman, saka kewayon tsawon igiyar, ƙarfi, da haskewa da ake so. Misali, lambar oda na yau da kullun na iya haɗa da lambar sashi ta asali da kuma alamomin rukuni.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |