Takardar Bayani na Fasaha na ELM453H-G Series - Mai Tsabtace Sigina Mai Sauri 10Mbit/s, Tsarin 5-Pin SOP, Ƙarfin Keɓewa 3750Vrms

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

ELM453H-G Series yana wakiltar iyali na masu tsabtace sigina mai sauri, na ƙofar lojiya (opto-isolators) waɗanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen keɓewa na dijital masu buƙatu. An ƙera waɗannan na'urori don samar da ingantaccen watsa sigina yayin kiyaye babban keɓewar lantarki tsakanin da'irorin shigarwa da fitarwa. Babban aikin shine canja wurin siginonin lojiya na dijital a kan shingen keɓewa ta amfani da LED infrared wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar gani zuwa mai gano hoto mai sauri da amplifier transistor.

Babban kasuwar wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa da sarrafa kai ta masana'antu, tsarin tuƙi na mota, hanyoyin sadarwa na filin bus, da sarrafa wutar lantarki inda juriya da hayaniya da keɓewar aminci suke da mahimmanci. Babban fa'idodinsa sun samo asali ne daga ingantaccen aikin sauri idan aka kwatanta da masu tsabtace sigina na al'ada na phototransistor, wanda aka cim ma ta hanyar keɓancewar haɗin bias na photodiode wanda ke rage capacitance na tushe-taro.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da bincike na haƙiƙa na mahimman ma'auni na lantarki da na gani da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayani.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Muhimman iyakoki sun haɗa da:

Ƙarfin Gaba na Shigarwa (I_F): matsakaicin 25 mA. Wucewa wannan zai iya lalata ko lalata LED ɗin shigarwa.
Ƙarfin Keɓewa (V_ISO): 3750 V_rmsna minti 1. Wannan mahimmin ma'auni ne na aminci wanda ke tabbatar da ƙarfin dielectric na shingen keɓewa na ciki, an gwada shi tare da gajarta fil 1 & 3 a gefe ɗaya da fil 4, 5 & 6 a ɗayan gefen.
Zazzabi na Aiki (T_OPR): -40 zuwa +125 °C. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayin masana'antu.
Zazzabi na Solder (T_SOL): 260 °C na dakika 10, mai bin daidaitattun bayanan sake kwarara marasa gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki

Tabbacin ma'auni na aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa

Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F): Yawanci 1.4V, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V a I_F=16mA. Ana amfani da wannan don ƙididdige ma'aunin resistor na iyakancewar da ake buƙata don da'irar tuƙi na LED.
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Shigarwa (C_IN): Yawanci 70 pF. Ƙarancin capacitance na iya taimakawa wajen ingantaccen aikin mitar mai girma a gefen shigarwa.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa & Canjawa

Ƙarfin Fitarwa Ƙananan Mataki (V_OL): Matsakaicin 0.4V a I_F=16mA, I_O=3mA, V_CC=4.5V. Wannan yana ayyana matakin lojiya '0' na fitarwa a ƙarƙashin kaya.
Matsakaicin Canja wurin Ƙarfi (CTR): Mafi ƙarancin 20% a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin gwaji. CTR shine rabo na ƙarfin transistor na fitarwa zuwa ƙarfin shigarwa na LED. Tabbacin mafi ƙarancin yana tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin tuƙi na fitarwa.
Ƙarfin Fitarwa Babban Mataki (I_OH): Ƙaramin ƙarfin ɓarna sosai (matsakaicin 5 µA a 25°C) lokacin da LED ya kashe, yana tabbatar da tsaftataccen fitarwar lojiya '1'.

2.3 Halayen Sauya

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana saurin na'urar da juriya ga hayaniya, masu mahimmanci don watsa bayanai.

Jinkirin Yaduwa (T_PHL, T_PLH): Na al'ada 0.35 µs (ƙasa) da 0.45 µs (sama), tare da matsakaicin 1.0 µs. Wannan yana ba da damar yawan watsa sigina har zuwa 1Mbit/s, kodayake taken yana nuna damar 10Mbit/s don sigar ƙofar lojiya.
Juriya na Canjin Yanayi na Gama gari (CM_H, CM_L): Mafi ƙarancin 10 kV/µs. Wannan muhimmin ma'auni ne wanda ke nuna ikon na'urar na ƙi saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki (hayaniya) waɗanda suka bayyana daidai a ɓangarorin biyu na shingen keɓewa. Babban CMTI yana hana sauya fitarwa na ƙarya a cikin yanayi mai hayaniya kamar tuƙin mota.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Takardar bayani tana nuni zuwa lanƙwan halaye na lantarki-gani na al'ada. Duk da yake ba a nuna su a cikin rubutun da aka bayar, waɗannan lanƙwan galibi suna nuna alaƙa masu mahimmanci don ƙira:

Matsakaicin Canja wurin Ƙarfi (CTR) vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F): Yana nuna yadda inganci ya bambanta tare da ƙarfin tuƙi, yana taimakawa inganta wurin aiki.
CTR vs. Yanayin Yanayi (T_A): Yana nuna raguwar CTR tare da haɓakar zafin jiki, mai mahimmanci don aiki mai zafi.
Jinkirin Yaduwa vs. Resistor na Kaya (R_L): Yana nuna ciniki tsakanin saurin sauyawa da ƙarfin tuƙi na fitarwa.
Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Zazzabi: Muhimmi ne don sarrafa zafi na da'irar shigarwa.

Masu ƙira yakamata su tuntubi cikakkun jadawalin takardar bayani don fahimtar waɗannan alaƙar da ba ta layi ba don ƙirar da'ira mai ƙarfi.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar tana cikin daidaitaccen Kunshin Ƙananan Outline (SOP) mai 5-pin. Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da ainihin ma'auni don tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, fil ɗin jagora, da tsayawa. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da tabbatar da tsabtar daidai.

4.2 Tsarin Gindin da Aka Shawarta

An ba da shawarar tsarin gindi na hawa sama. Takardar bayani ta yi daidai da lura cewa wannan ƙira ce ta tunani kuma yakamata a gyara ta dangane da hanyoyin masana'antu na mutum (misali, nau'in man solder, bayanan sake kwarara). Ana ba da shawarar bin ka'idodin IPC don ƙirar gindi na ƙarshe.

4.3 Gano Nau'i & Alamun Na'ura

Saitin Fil:

Anode (Shigarwa LED +)
Babu Haɗawa / Na ciki
Cathode (Shigarwa LED -)
GND (Ƙasar Fitarwa)
V_OUT(Siginar Fitarwa)
V_CC(Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Fitarwa)

Alamar Na'ura:An yiwa saman kunshin alama da "EL" (lambar masana'anta), "M453H" (lambar na'ura), lambar shekara mai lamba 1 (Y), lambar mako mai lamba 2 (WW), da zaɓi "V" don sigar da aka amince da VDE. Wannan yana ba da damar gano asali.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Solder na sake kwarara:An ƙididdige ɓangaren don matsakaicin zafin solder na 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan ya yi daidai da daidaitattun bayanan sake kwarara marasa gubar (IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Dole ne a sarrafa matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin sama da ruwa don hana lalacewar kunshin.

Yanayin Ajiya:Kewayon zafin ajiya shine -55 zuwa +125 °C. Bayanin Matakin Hankan Danshi (MSL), mai mahimmanci don na'urori masu hawa sama, yakamata a tabbatar daga cikakken takardar bayani ko kunshin. Yakamata a bi daidaitattun matakan kariya don gasa ɓangarorin da suka ɗauki danshi kafin sake kwarara idan ya dace.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

6.1 Lambar Sashe na Oda

Lambar sashe tana bin tsari:ELM453H(Z)-VG

Z: Zaɓin Kaset da Reel. 'Babu' don bututu (raka'a 100), 'TA' ko 'TB' don nau'ikan reel daban-daban (raka'a 3000/reel).
V: Yana nuna an haɗa da takaddun shaida na VDE.
G: Yana nuna abun da ya ƙunshi kayan da ba su da halogen.

6.2 Ma'auni na Kaset da Reel

An ba da cikakkun ma'auni na kaset ɗin ɗaukar kaya (faɗi, girman aljihu, fil) da ma'auni na reel don haɗawa ta atomatik na ɗauka da sanyawa. Zaɓuɓɓukan TA da TB sun bambanta a cikin yanayin ɓangaren a cikin kaset, yana rinjayar hanyar ciyarwa daga reel.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Mai Karɓar Layi / Keɓewar Siginar Dijital:Na'urar ta dace don keɓe layukan bayanai na RS-485, CAN, ko sauran layukan bayanai na jeri a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na masana'antu. Babban CMTI yana karewa daga bambance-bambancen yuwuwar ƙasa da hayaniya.

Keɓewar Tuƙin Ƙofa a cikin Tuƙin Mota:Ana amfani dashi don keɓe ƙaramin siginin sarrafawa daga babban ƙarfin lantarki, da'irar tuƙin ƙofar mai hayaniya don IGBTs ko MOSFETs. Babban ƙarfin keɓewa (3750Vrms) da sauri sune mabuɗin a nan.

Keɓewar Ƙasar Lojiya:Rarraba ƙasashen dijital tsakanin tsarin tsarin (misali, tsakanin maɓalli na analog mai hankali da microcontroller mai hayaniya) don hana madaukai na ƙasa da haɗin hayaniya.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Iyakancewar Ƙarfin Shigarwa:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na waje don saita ƙarfin gaba na LED (I_F), yawanci kusan 16mA don tabbatar da ma'auni. Ƙimar resistor ita ce R_IYAKA= (V_TUƘI- V_F) / I_F.
Resistor na Ja-Sama:Ana buƙatar resistor na ja-sama (R_L) akan fitarwa (fil 5 zuwa V_CC). Ƙimarsa tana rinjayar saurin sauyawa (ƙananan R_L= mafi sauri, amma mafi girma ƙarfi) da matakin lojiya mai girma. Yanayin gwaji yana amfani da 1.9 kΩ.
Decoupling na Wutar Lantarki:Sanya capacitor na yumbu 0.1 µF kusa da fil 4 (GND) da 6 (V_CC) don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da rage hayaniyar sauyawa.
Creepage da Tsabtar:A kan PCB, kiyaye isasshen nisa na creepage da tsabtar tsakanin da'irorin shigarwa da fitarwa (gami da alamun da ɓangarorin) don adana babban ma'auni na keɓewa na ƙarfin lantarki. Bi daidaitattun ka'idodin aminci (misali, IEC 61010-1).

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambanci

Babban bambancin ELM453H-G daga masu tsabtace sigina na al'ada na phototransistor shinesaurinsa. Ta hanyar samar da keɓancewar haɗin tushe (ta hanyar haɗin photodiode) don bias transistor ɗin fitarwa, yana rage tasirin capacitance na Miller wanda ke rage saurin phototransistors na al'ada. Wannan ya sa ya dace don watsa bayanan dijital a cikin kewayon 1Mbit/s zuwa 10Mbit/s, yayin da daidaitattun na'urori galibi suna iyakance ƙasa da 100 kbit/s.

Bugu da ƙari, cikakken jerin takaddun shaida na aminci na duniya (UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, da sauransu) da bin ka'idodin rashin halogen, RoHS, da REACH sun sa ya zama zaɓi na fifiko ga kasuwannin duniya masu mahimman buƙatu na muhalli da aminci.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene matsakaicin adadin bayanai wannan mai tsabtace sigina zai iya tallafawa?

A: Dangane da matsakaicin jinkirin yaduwa na 1.0 µs, na'urar na iya tallafawa adadin bayanai aƙalla 1 Mbit/s cikin aminci. Tunanin 10 Mbit/s a cikin taken yana nuna ingantaccen aiki ko takamaiman siga; ainihin matsakaicin adadin ya dogara da ƙirar da'ira (R_L, I_F) kuma yakamata a tabbatar da shi tare da ma'auni na iyaka don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci.

Q: Ta yaya zan tabbatar an kiyaye babban ma'auni na keɓewa a cikin ƙirata?

A: Gina ciki na na'urar yana samar da keɓewa. Don kiyaye shi akan PCB, dole ne ka tabbatar da isasshen nisa na jiki (creepage/tsabtar) tsakanin duk abubuwan masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki (alamun, gindin, ɓangarorin) waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gefen shigarwa (fil 1,2,3) da gefen fitarwa (fil 4,5,6). Bi jagororin shimfidar PCB don ƙarfafa rufi dangane da ƙarfin lantarki na aiki.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan don keɓe siginonin analog?

A: Duk da yake an jera shi don keɓewar ƙasar siginar analog, ainihin na'urar dijital ce (ƙofar lojiya) tare da CTR mara layi. Ba ya dace don keɓewar siginar analog na layi. Don wannan manufa, keɓaɓɓen optocoupler na layi ko amplifier na keɓewa zai fi dacewa.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Keɓewar Sadarwar SPI a cikin Na'urar Sarrafa Mota.

Microcontroller akan allon sarrafawa na 3.3V yana buƙatar aika bayanan saiti ta SPI zuwa ADC da ke kusa da babban lokaci na mota. Yuwuwar ƙasa tana da hayaniya kuma daban. Ana iya amfani da ELM453H-G don keɓe agogon SPI (SCK) da layin zaɓin guntu (CS). GPIO na microcontroller yana tuƙi LED ta hanyar resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfi. Filin fitarwa (5) an ja shi zuwa wadatar 5V na ADC ta hanyar resistor na 2.2kΩ, yana samar da tsaftataccen siginar lojiya mai keɓewa. Babban CMTI yana tabbatar da cewa siginonin SPI ba su lalace ta hanyar hayaniyar sauyawa na mota.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki bisa ka'idar haɗin gani. Ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi ga Diode mai fitar da Infrared (IRED) na shigarwa yana sa shi fitar da haske. Wannan hasken yana ratsa shingen keɓewa mai gani (yawanci silicone ko polymer da aka yi) kuma ya bugi photodiode a cikin guntu ɗin mai gano hoto. Ƙarfin photodiode yana haɓakawa kuma ana sarrafa shi ta matakin transistor don samar da madaidaicin siginar fitarwa na dijital (nutsewar ƙarfi zuwa ƙasa lokacin aiki). An cim ma cikakkiyar keɓewar lantarki saboda ana canja wurin siginar ta hanyar haske, ba tare da hanyar watsa wutar lantarki a kan shingen ba.

12. Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin keɓewar sigina yana zuwa ga mafi girma sauri, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙananan fakitoci, da haɗa hanyoyi da yawa a cikin kunshin guda. Duk da yake masu tsabtace sigina masu zaman kansu kamar ELM453H-G sun kasance masu mahimmanci don ƙarfinsu, ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, da sauƙi, sabbin fasahohi kamar masu keɓewa na capacitance da masu keɓewa na babban magnetoresistance (GMR) suna fafatawa a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar adadin bayanai sosai (>100 Mbit/s) ko ingantaccen aminci a cikin matsanancin filayen maganadisu. Duk da haka, haɗin gani yana ci gaba da mamaye a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban ƙarfin lantarki na aiki, ingantaccen aminci na dogon lokaci, da kariya daga tsangwama na maganadisu.

Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED

Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED

Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki

Kalma	Naúrar/Wakilci	Bayanin Sauri	Me yasa yake da muhimmanci
Ingancin Hasken Wuta	lm/W (lumen kowace watt)	Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari.	Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki.
Gudun Hasken Wuta	lm (lumen)	Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske".	Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai.
Kusurwar Dubawa	° (digiri), misali 120°	Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske.	Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito.
Zafin Launi (CCT)	K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K	Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi.	Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace.
CI / Ra	Ba naúrar, 0–100	Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau.	Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi.
SDCM	Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki"	Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya.
Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken	nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja)	Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi.	Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya.
Rarraba Bakan Hasken	Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi	Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske.	Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi.

Ma'auni na Lantarki

Kalma	Alamar	Bayanin Sauri	Abubuwan ƙira
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	Vf	Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa".	Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere.
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	If	Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun.	Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai.
Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini	Ifp	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya.	Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa.
Ƙarfin lantarki na baya	Vr	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa.	Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki.
Juriya na zafi	Rth (°C/W)	Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau.	Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi.
Rigakafin ESD	V (HBM), misali 1000V	Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni.	Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali.

Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa

Kalma	Ma'aunin maɓalli	Bayanin Sauri	Tasiri
Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa	Tj (°C)	Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED.	Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi.
Ragewar Lumen	L70 / L80 (sa'o'i)	Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko.	Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED.
Kula da Lumen	% (misali 70%)	Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci.	Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci.
Canjin Launi	Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam	Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani.	Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa.
Tsufa na Zafi	Lalacewar kayan aiki	Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci.	Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye.

Tufafi & Kayan Aiki

Kalma	Nau'ikan gama gari	Bayanin Sauri	Siffofi & Aikace-aikace
Nau'in Kunshin	EMC, PPA, Yumbu	Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi.	EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai.
Tsarin Guntu	Gaba, Guntu Juyawa	Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu.	Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Rufin Phosphor	YAG, Silicate, Nitride	Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari.	Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI.
Ruwan tabarau/Optics	Lefi, Microlens, TIR	Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske.	Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske.

Kula da Inganci & Rarraba

Kalma	Abun rarraba	Bayanin Sauri	Manufa
Kwalin Gudun Hasken	Lambar misali 2G, 2H	An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya.
Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki	Lambar misali 6W, 6X	An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.	Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin.
Kwalin Launi	Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki	An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon.	Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin.
Kwalin CCT	2700K, 3000K da sauransu	An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa.	Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban.

Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida

Kalma	Matsakaicin/Gwaji	Bayanin Sauri	Muhimmanci
LM-80	Gwajin kula da lumen	Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske.	Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21).
TM-21	Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa	Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80.	Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa.
IESNA	Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa	Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi.	Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince.
RoHS / REACH	Tabbatarwar muhalli	Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury).	Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya.
ENERGY STAR / DLC	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa.	Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa.