Bayanin Fasaha na IRR60-48C/TR8 LED - Girman 6.0x4.8x1.1mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.4-2.1V - Ƙarfin Wuta 50-70mW - Tsawon Raɗaɗin Raɗaɗi Biyu 660nm/905nm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

IRR60-48C/TR8 ƙaramin na'urar haɗa haske da lantarki (SMD) infrared ce. Samfurin ne mai launuka biyu wanda ke ɗauke da guntu biyu na semiconductor a cikin fakiti ɗaya: ɗayan yana fitar da haske mai tsawon raɗaɗi 660nm (ja, kayan AlGaInP) ɗayan kuma yana fitar da haske mai tsawon raɗaɗi 905nm (infrared, kayan AlGaAs). An ɗaure na'urar a cikin fakitin robobi mai tsabta kamar ruwa tare da gilashin saman lebur, wanda aka ƙera don dacewa da tsarin haɗa kai ta atomatik da kuma tsarin gyarar gubar infrared ko tururi.

Babban manufar ƙirar wannan sashi shine daidaita sautin sauti tare da na'urorin gano haske na silicon kamar photodiodes da phototransistors. Wannan siffa ta sa ya dace musamman ga aikace-aikacen gani inda ake buƙatar haɗin haske daidai. Na'urar tana bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na zamani, ba ta da halogen kuma tana bin ka'idojin RoHS da EU REACH.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ci gaba da Ci gaba na Gaba (I_F): 30 mA ga duka tsawon raɗaɗi. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai.
• Kololuwar Ci gaba na Gaba (I_FP): 150 mA. Wannan ƙimar tana aiki ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da faɗin bugun jini ≤10μs da cikakken aiki ≤1%.
• Juyin Ƙarfafawa (V_R): 5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin juzu'i na baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Rushewar Wuta (P_d): 70 mW don guntun 660nm da 50 mW don guntun 905nm, ana aunawa a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin yanayi. Wannan bambanci yana nuna inganci na yau da kullun da halayen zafi na daban-daban na kayan semiconductor.
• Juri na Zafi, Haɗin kai-zuwa-Yanayi (R_θj-a): 550 K/W. Wannan siga tana nuna yadda ake canja wurin zafi daga haɗin gwiwar semiconductor zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna mafi kyawun zubar da zafi.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ma'ajiyar Zazzabi: -25°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zazzabin Solder (T_sol): 260°C matsakaici don tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba, na yau da kullun don hanyoyin sake karkatar da marasa gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'ura

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na yau da kullun na aiki da aka auna a 25°C tare da halin yanzu na gaba na 20mA, sai dai in an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E): Wannan shine ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a kowace sashin kusurwa (steradian). Don guntun 660nm (Ja), ƙimar yau da kullun ita ce 2.3 mW/sr (m 1.0). Don guntun 905nm (IR), ƙimar yau da kullun ita ce 1.0 mW/sr (m 0.5).
• Jimlar Ƙarfin Radiated (P_o): Jimlar ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a kowane bangare. Ƙimar yau da kullun sune 7.0 mW don Ja da 3.0 mW don IR.
• Kololuwar Tsawon Raɗaɗi (λ_p): Tsawon raɗaɗi inda radiation ɗin da aka fitar ya fi ƙarfi. Guntun Ja yana tsakiya a 660nm (kewayon 657-663nm). Guntun IR yana tsakiya a 905nm (kewayon 895-915nm).
• Bandwidth na Spectral (Δλ): Faɗin bakan fitarwa a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfinsa (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM). Ƙimar yau da kullun sune 20nm don Ja da 60nm don IR. Faɗin bandwidth na guntun IR siffa ce ta kayan AlGaAs.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan diode lokacin gudanarwa. Guntun Ja yawanci yana buƙatar 2.10V (kewayon 1.80-2.50V). Guntun IR yawanci yana buƙatar 1.40V (kewayon 1.10-1.60V). Wannan bambanci yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'ira, musamman lokacin tuƙi duka guntu daga tushe ɗaya.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): Faɗin kusurwar inda ƙarfin radiant ya kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa. Guntun Ja yana da kusurwar dubawa ta yau da kullun na 140°, yayin da guntun IR yana da 130°. Gilashin saman lebur yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa.

3. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Lanƙwasan rage ƙima suna nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Wannan muhimmin abu ne na ƙira don hana guduwar zafi. Lanƙwasan duka guntun Ja da IR suna bin gangami mara kyau iri ɗaya, suna jaddada buƙatar isasshen sarrafa zafi a cikin yanayin zafi ko aikace-aikacen halin yanzu.

3.2 Rarraba Spectral

Jadawalin sautin yana nuna ƙarfin radiant mai alaƙa a tsawon raɗaɗi. Fitowar Ja 660nm yana nuna kololuwa mai kaifi, ƙunƙuntaccen siffa na kayan AlGaInP. Fitowar IR 905nm yana nuna mafi faɗi, rarraba kamar Gaussian na yau da kullun don AlGaAs. Wannan tsaftar sautin (don Ja) da bandwidth (don IR) mahimmanci ne ga ƙirar tsarin firikwensin, yana shafar zaɓin tacewa da rabo na sigina zuwa amo.

3.3 Ƙarfin Radiant vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Waɗannan makircin suna nuna alaƙar kusa da layi tsakanin halin yanzu na tuƙi da fitarwar gani ga duka guntu a cikin daidaitaccen kewayon aiki. Wannan layi yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa fitarwar gani a cikin aikace-aikacen daidaitawar analog. Gangar jikin layin (inganci) ya bambanta tsakanin tsawon raɗaɗi biyu.

3.4 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasan I-V suna nuna alaƙar ma'auni na yau da kullun na diodes. Ƙarfin lantarki na kunna yana bayyane a fili kuma ya bambanta tsakanin guntu biyu (mafi girma don Ja). Ana auna lanƙwasan a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 100μs, cikakken aiki 1/100) don rage tasirin dumama kai, yana ba da mafi kyawun wakilcin halayen haɗin gwiwa.

3.5 Ƙarfin Radiant Mai Alaƙa vs. Matsawar Kusurwa

Waɗannan makircin polar suna wakiltar kusurwar dubawa ta gani. Rarraba ƙarfi kusan Lambertian ne (kamar cosine) ga duka guntu, tare da Ja ya ɗan fi faɗi. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin gani don tabbatar da isasshen hasken haske ko daidaitawa tare da na'urar gano.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakiti

An sanya na'urar a cikin ƙaramin fakitin SMD mai aunin tsawon 6.0mm, faɗin 4.8mm, da tsayi 1.1mm. Zanen fakiti yana ba da mahimman girma don ƙirar sawun PCB, gami da girman kushin, sanyawa, da wuraren kiyayewa. Sashi yana da jikin robobi mai siffa mai tsabta kamar ruwa tare da saman lebur, wanda ke aiki azaman gilashi. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar fakiti kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi yayin sanyawa don tabbatar da aikin lantarki daidai.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Solder Sakewa

Sashi ya dace da bayanan martaba na sake gyarar marasa gubar (Pb-free) tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C. Yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarar zafin jiki-lokaci don guje wa girgizar zafi ko lalata fakitin robobi. Kada a yi sake gyarar solder fiye da sau biyu akan na'urar ɗaya. Dole ne a guji damuwa akan jikin LED yayin dumama da kuma warping na allon da'ira bayan solder.

5.2 Solder Hannu

Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole don gyara, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan sosai. Zafin ƙarshen guntun solder ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Ana ba da shawarar baƙin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wuta (≤25W). Ya kamata a bar tazara mafi ƙarancin dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowane tasha. Ana ba da shawarar amfani da baƙin ƙarfe mai kai biyu don cirewa don rage damuwa na zafi, amma dole ne a tabbatar da tasirinsa akan halayen na'urar a baya.

5.3 Ma'ajiya da Hancin Danshi

Na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi. Abubuwan kariya sun haɗa da:

• Kada a buɗe jakar kariya daga danshi har sai an shirya amfani.
• Ajiye jakunan da ba a buɗe ba a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda.
• Bayan buɗewa, ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 24.
• Idan lokacin ajiya ya wuce ko kuma desiccant ya nuna shigar danshi, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60±5°C na aƙalla awanni 24 kafin sake karkatarwa.

6. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Ana ba da na'urar akan tef ɗin ɗaukar hoto don sarrafa kai ta atomatik. Reel na yau da kullun yana ɗauke da guda 1000. An ƙayyade girman tef ɗin ɗaukar hoto don tabbatar da dacewa da tsarin ciyarwa na yau da kullun. Marufi mai juriya ga danshi ya ƙunshi jakar laminate na aluminum mai ɗauke da desiccant da katin nuna danshi. Alamar jakar ta haɗa da filaye don Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samarwa (P/N), yawa, lambobin matsayi (CAT, HUE), tunani, lambar kuri'a, da ƙasar asali.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Na'urori masu auna firikwensin: Tsawon raɗaɗi biyu yana ba da damar amfani a cikin na'urori masu nuni ko watsawa don gano abu, ƙidaya, ko gano matsayi. Ana amfani da tsawon raɗaɗi 905nm a inda haske mai gani ba a so, yayin da ja 660nm zai iya zama alama mai gani ko don takamaiman firikwensin hoto.
• Ma'aunin bugun jini na Likita: Tsawon raɗaɗi 660nm da 905nm (ko 940nm) daidaitattun ma'auni ne a cikin ma'aunin bugun jini don auna cikar iskar oxygen a cikin jini (SpO2). Daidaitawar sautin na'urar zuwa na'urorin gano silicon yana da mahimmanci ga wannan aikace-aikace.
• Sarrafa kai ta atomatik na Masana'antu: Ana amfani dashi a cikin masu ɓoye haske, tsarin gano gefe, da labulen aminci.

7.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu: Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin waje don aiki daga tushen wutar lantarki. Gangar jikin lanƙwasa I-V yana nufin ƙaramin canjin wutar lantarki yana haifar da babban canjin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya lalata LED nan take.
• Gudanar da Zafi:** An ƙayyade juriya na zafi (550 K/W) yana da girma sosai. Don ci gaba da aiki a manyan halayen yanzu ko a cikin yanayi mai dumi, ana ba da shawarar shimfidar PCB tare da isasshen yanki na tagulla don nutsewar zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa cikin iyakoki.
• Ƙirar Gani: Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na iya buƙatar na'urori na biyu (gilashi, buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido) don daidaita ko mayar da hankali ga haske don takamaiman ayyukan gani. Gilashin ruwa mai tsabta ya dace da aikace-aikace inda ainihin tsarin fitarwa ba mai mahimmanci ba ne ko kuma inda ake amfani da na'urori na waje.
• Da'irar Tuƙi: Dole ne a yi la'akari da bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na guntu biyu idan za a tuƙa su da kansu ko kuma a haɗa su. Masu tuƙi na halin yanzu ana fifita su fiye da ƙarfin lantarki don tabbataccen fitarwar gani.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Bambance-bambancen farko na IRR60-48C/TR8 yana cikin ƙirar sa mai tsawon raɗaɗi biyu, fakiti ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da SMD LEDs daban-daban guda biyu, wannan yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci:

• Tanadin Sarari: Yana rage sawun PCB da kashi 50%.
• Sauƙaƙa Haɗawa: Sashi ɗaya kawai don sanyawa, inganta yawan samarwa da rage farashin sanyawa.
• Ingantacciyar Daidaitawa: Wuraren fitarwa guda biyu suna tare a cikin fakiti ɗaya, suna tabbatar da daidaitaccen daidaitawar sarari don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar duka tsawon raɗaɗi don haskaka wuri ɗaya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin na'urori kamar ma'aunin bugun jini.
• Daidaitawar Kayan: Amfani da AlGaInP don ja yana ba da inganci mafi girma da mafi kyawun tsaftar sauti idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP, yayin da guntun IR na AlGaAs yana ba da fitarwa mai ƙarfi a yankin kusa da infrared.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙi duka guntu LED a lokaci guda a matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba na 30mA kowanne?

A: A'a. Dole ne a yi la'akari da jimlar ɓarnawar wuta. Aiki lokaci guda a 30mA zai yiwu ya wuce ikon zubar da zafi na fakiti, wanda zai haifar da dumama. Rage ƙima dangane da yanayin yanayi da cikakken aiki na musamman yana da mahimmanci.

Q: Me ya sa ƙarfin radiant na guntun IR ya yi ƙasa da guntun Ja a halin yanzu ɗaya?

A> Wannan da farko saboda bambancin hankalin ido (aunin hoto vs. radiometric) da ingancin canji na asali na daban-daban na kayan semiconductor (AlGaAs vs. AlGaInP) a tsawon raɗaɗinsu. Ma'aunin Jimlar Ƙarfin Radiated yana ba da mafi kyawun kwatancen jimlar fitarwar gani.

Q: Takardun bayanin fasaha yana nuna zafin solder na 260°C, amma bayanina na sake karkatarwa yana kololuwa a 245°C. Shin wannan yana karɓuwa?

A: Ee, matsakaicin zafin jiki na 245°C yana karɓuwa kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau yayin da yake sanya sashi ƙarƙashin ƙaramin damuwa na zafi, in dai lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) ya isa don samar da haɗin gwiwar solder daidai.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci taga amfani bayan buɗe awanni 24?

A: Yana da mahimmanci ga ingantaccen sake gyarar solder. Danshin da aka sha cikin fakitin robobi zai iya yin tururi yayin sake karkatarwa, yana haifar da ɓarna na ciki, fashewa ("popcorning"), ko lalata wayar haɗin gwiwa. Bin wannan jagora yana da mahimmanci don yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin masana'antu.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar Na'urar Gano Abubuwa Mai Nuni

A cikin aikace-aikacen yau da kullun na gano farin abu akan baƙar bel ɗin jigilar kaya, IRR60-48C/TR8 za a haɗa shi da phototransistor na silicon. Za a yi amfani da guntun IR 905nm don farkon firikwensin don guje wa tsangwama daga hasken gani na yanayi. Tushen halin yanzu da aka saita zuwa 20mA zai tuƙi LED. Hasken yana nuni daga abu kuma phototransistor yana gano shi, wanda sigar fitarwarsa ke daɗaɗawa ta hanyar da'irar amplifier/comparator. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na 130° na guntun IR yana tabbatar da filin gano karimci, yana rage buƙatun daidaitaccen daidaito. Dole ne mai ƙira ya haɗa da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu idan yana amfani da tushen wutar lantarki, tabbatar da shimfidar PCB tana ba da ɗan sauƙin zafi, kuma a bi tsauraran hanyoyin sarrafa danshi kafin allon ya wuce sake gyarar solder.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Fitar haske a cikin IRR60-48C/TR8 ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap na guntu, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor inda suke sake haɗuwa. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon raɗaɗi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor: AlGaInP don 660nm (ja) da AlGaAs don 905nm (infrared). Fakitin epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana ɗaure guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma saman samansa mai siffa yana aiki azaman gilashi na farko don sarrafa tsarin fitarwa.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Ci gaban SMD LEDs kamar IRR60-48C/TR8 yana bin yanayin masana'antu da yawa:

• Ƙananan Ƙarami: Ci gaba da rage girman fakiti (misali daga 0603 zuwa 0402) don ba da damar haɗaɗɗun tarukan lantarki masu yawa.
• Haɗin Guntu Mai Yawa: Haɗa tsawon raɗaɗi da yawa ko ma nau'ikan na'urori daban-daban (LEDs da photodiodes) cikin fakiti ɗaya don ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar firikwensin mafi wayo, mafi ƙanƙanta.
• Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki: Ci gaba da inganta ingancin ƙididdiga na ciki da cire haske daga kayan semiconductor da fakiti, wanda ke haifar da mafi girman fitarwar gani don shigarwar lantarki ɗaya.
• Ƙarfafa Amincewa: Ci gaba a cikin kayan marufi da hanyoyin da za su iya jure mafi girman zafin sake karkatarwa, mawuyacin yanayin muhalli, da ba da tsawon rayuwar aiki.
• Daidaitawa: Mafi faɗin amfani da daidaitattun sawun ƙafa da halayen gani don inganta musayar musanya da sauƙaƙa ƙira ga injiniyoyi.

Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru suna haifar da juyin halitta na sassa zuwa ƙananan, mafi wayo, mafi inganci, da mafi amintaccen mafita don faɗaɗa kewayon aikace-aikacen na'urar haɗa haske da lantarki.