Bayanin Fasaha na ELS680-G Jerin 6-Pin SDIP Mai Hikima na Wutar Lantarki da Kofa Mai Gudanar da Hanyar Sadarwa - Babban Keɓancewar 5000Vrms

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

ELS680-G jerin suna wakiltar iyali na manyan ayyuka, masu hikima na wutar lantarki da kofa mai gudanar da hanyar sadarwa. An ƙera waɗannan na'urori don samar da ƙarfin keɓancewar lantarki da amintaccen watsa sigina tsakanin ƙananan ƙirar sarrafawa da manyan matakan wutar lantarki, kamar waɗanda ake samu a cikin injinan motsa jiki da masu jujjuyawar masana'antu. Babban aikin shine fassara siginar shigarwa zuwa siginar fitarwa mai keɓancewa wacce ke iya tuka kofar IGBT ko MOSFET kai tsaye, ko sadarwa tare da Module na Wutar Lantarki Mai Hikima (IPM).

Babban aikace-aikacen shine maye gurbin na'urorin keɓance haske da ƙirar tuƙi, sauƙaƙa ƙira, inganta aminci, da haɓaka juriya ga hayaniya a cikin yanayin sauyawa na babban ƙarfi. Haɗakar fitarwa na totem-pole shine babban fasali, yana kawar da buƙatar resistor na ja sama na waje kuma yana samar da isasshen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da nutsewa don tuƙin kofa kai tsaye.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwa da Ake Nufi

ELS680-G jerin yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban don ƙirar lantarki na wutar lantarki. Na farko shine babban ƙarfin keɓancewa na 5000 Vrms, wanda ke ba da babban matakin aminci kuma ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don kayan aikin masana'antu. Na biyu, na'urar tana bin ka'idodin maras halogen (Br<900 ppm, Cl<900 ppm, Br+Cl<1500 ppm), yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke da hankali ga muhalli. Hakanan ba shi da gubar kuma yana bin ka'idodin RoHS.

Kasuwannin da ake nufi don wannan ɓangaren sune masu sarrafa kansa na masana'antu da canjin wutar lantarki. Takamaiman aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da AC da Brushless DC motar tuƙi, masu jujjuyawar masana'antu, masu samar da wutar lantarki marasa katsewa (UPS), da masu jujjuyawar hasken rana. Duk wani tsarin da ke buƙatar amintaccen, keɓance siginar sarrafawa don manyan maɓallan wutar lantarki shine yankin aikace-aikace mai yuwuwa.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na halayen lantarki da ayyuka da aka ƙayyade a cikin bayanin bayanai. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana bayyana iyakokin damuwa wanda za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar yin aiki akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin. Manyan ƙididdiga sun haɗa da: Shigar da Halin Gaba (IF) na 25 mA, Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Fitarwa (IO(AVG)) na 60 mA, da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (VCC) na 30 V. Jimlar ƙarfin lalata na'urar (PTOT) yana iyakance zuwa 350 mW. Ƙarfin keɓancewa (VISO) an ƙididdige shi a 5000 Vrms na minti ɗaya, an gwada shi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gajeren fil. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a cikin kewayon zafin da aka ƙayyade.

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa

Shigarwa shine Diode mai Fitowa da Haske na Infrared (LED). Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (VF) shine 1.5V a ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 10 mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V. Ƙarfin Shigar da Kofa (IFT) shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci, yana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin LED da ake buƙata don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitarwa mai ƙarancin dabaru. Bayanin bayanai ya ƙayyade matsakaicin IFT na 5 mA (na yau da kullun 2.5 mA) a VCC=4.5V. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da aƙalla wannan ƙarfin don aiki mai aminci.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa da Canjawa

Fitarwa shine mai gano hoto mai haɗaka cikin sauri tare da tsarin totem-pole. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da: Babban Matsakaicin Fitarwa (VOH), wanda yawanci yana kusa da VCC (VCC - 0.5V min), da Ƙananan Matsakaicin Fitarwa (VOL), wanda yawanci yana kusa da VEE (VEE + 0.5V max). Ƙarfin wutar lantarki (ICCH, ICCL) duka an ƙayyade su tare da matsakaicin 3.2 mA. Ƙarfin Fitarwa na Gajeren Kewayawa (IOSL, IOSH) suna nuna iyakar ƙarfin matakin fitarwa, wanda aka ƙididdige shi a ±60 mA mafi ƙanƙanta/matsakaici.

2.3 Halayen Sauya

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana aikin lokaci na mai keɓance haske, mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen sauyawa mai girma.

• Jinkirin Yaduwa (tPHL, tPLH):Lokacin daga canjin ƙarfin LED na shigarwa zuwa canjin fitarwa da ya dace. Ƙimar yau da kullun sune 130 ns (tPHL) da 140 ns (tPLH), tare da matsakaicin 350 ns.
• Karkatar da Faɗin bugun jini (PWD):Bambanci tsakanin tPHL da tPLH. Ƙananan PWD (max 250 ns) yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin sigina a cikin aikace-aikacen lokaci na daidaito.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwa (tr, tf):Saurin gefen siginar fitarwa, yawanci 9 ns da 6 ns bi da bi.
• Rigakafin Canjin Yanayi na Gama gari (CMH, CML):Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don juriya ga hayaniya. Yana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin dV/dt (10 kV/µs na yau da kullun) na ƙarar ƙarfin ƙarfin yanayi gama gari wanda na'urar za ta iya jurewa ba tare da haifar da kuskuren fitarwa ba. Babban CMTI yana da mahimmanci a cikin yanayin tuƙin mota mai hayaniya.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki da Abubuwan Ƙira

Yayin da ba a ba da takamaiman lanƙwasa aiki a cikin rubutun da aka ciro, bayanin bayanai yana nuna alaƙa masu mahimmanci da dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da su.

3.1 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

An ƙayyade mafi yawan halayen lantarki da sauyawa a cikin cikakken kewayon zafin jiki daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Ya kamata masu ƙira su lura cewa ma'auni kamar ƙarfin gaba (VF), ƙarfin kofa (IFT), da jinkirin yaduwa zasu bambanta da zafin jiki. Don ƙira mai ƙarfi, ya kamata a yi lissafin bisa mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin iyakoki, ba kawai ƙimar yau da kullun ba.

3.2 Wutar Lantarki da Bypassing

Bayanin bayanai a sarari ya ba da umarnin amfani da capacitor na 0.1 µF (ko mafi girma) tsakanin fil VCC (fil 6) da VEE (fil 4). Dole ne wannan capacitor ya sami kyawawan halaye na babban mitar (misali, yumbu) kuma a sanya shi kusa da fil ɗin na'urar. Wannan ba shi da yuwuwa don cimma ƙayyadaddun aikin sauyawa da rigakafin canjin yanayi na gama gari. Capacitor yana samar da tafki na caji na gida don buƙatun ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wucin gadi na matakin fitarwa kuma yana taimakawa wajen kawar da hayaniya mai girma.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Tsarin Fil da Aiki

An sanya na'urar a cikin ƙaramin kunshin Dual In-line (SDIP) mai fil 6. Pinout kamar haka ne: Fil 1: Anode na shigar da LED; Fil 2: Babu Haɗin kai; Fil 3: Cathode na shigar da LED; Fil 4: VEE (ƙasa/ma'ana ta fitarwa); Fil 5: Vout (siginar fitarwa); Fil 6: VCC (ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa).

4.2 Girman Kunshin da Tsarin PCB

Bayanin bayanai ya haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya don nau'in jagora na saman "P Type". Mahimman girma sun haɗa da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin tsayawa. An kuma ba da shawarar tsarin kushin don haɗawa da saman. Bin wannan tsarin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen soldering da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. An ƙera kunshin don daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa na fasahar haɗawa da saman (SMT).

5. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici ya ƙayyade zafin soldering (TSOL) na 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan ya yi daidai da yanayin soldering na reflow maras gubar. Ya kamata masu ƙira da gidajen taro su tabbatar da cewa bayanan tanda na reflow ɗin su bai wuce wannan iyaka ba don hana lalata kunshin filastik ko mutuwar ciki. Ya kamata a bi ka'idodin IPC na yau da kullun don na'urori masu hankali da danshi (idan ya dace), gami da adana da gasa da kyau kafin amfani.

6. Bayanin Oda da Alamar Na'ura

Lambar sashi tana bin takamaiman tsari: ELS680X(Y)-VG. "X" yana nuna nau'in jagora (P don haɗawa da saman). "Y" yana nuna zaɓin tef da reel (TA ko TB), duka suna ɗauke da raka'a 1000 a kowace reel. Maɗaukakin "G" yana nuna bin ka'idodin maras halogen. An yiwa na'urar alama a saman tare da lambar da ta haɗa da asalin masana'anta, lambar sashi (S680), lambobin shekara/mako, da zaɓin alamar VDE.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Bayanan Ƙira

7.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Babban aikace-aikacen shine a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin microcontroller ko DSP da IPM ko keɓaɓɓen kofar IGBT/MOSFET. Ana tuƙa shigarwa ta hanyar sauƙaƙaƙar da'irar iyakancewa daga filin GPIO na mai sarrafawa. Fitarwa tana haɗawa kai tsaye zuwa kofar na'urar wutar lantarki, tare da samar da VCC da aka ambata zuwa yuwuwar mai fitarwa/tushen na'urar wutar lantarki. Dole ne a haɗa capacitor na 0.1 µF na bypass.

7.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira

• Ƙarfin Shigarwa:Tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙin LED tana ba da ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin Ƙarfin Shigar da Kofa (5 mA) don tabbatar da ingantaccen yanayi 'a kan'. Yawanci ana amfani da resistor na jerin.
• Ƙarfin Fitarwa:Yayin da fitarwa za ta iya samar da/nitse babban ƙarfin kololuwa (gajeren kewayawa), tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa (IO(AVG)) bai wuce 60 mA ba, musamman lokacin tuƙin manyan kaya na capacitive.
• Keɓance Creepage da Bayani:Don kiyaye ƙimar keɓancewa na 5000 Vrms, tsarin PCB dole ne ya samar da isasshen nisa da bayani tsakanin gefen shigarwa (fil 1-3) da gefen fitarwa (fil 4-6), bin ƙa'idodin aminci masu dacewa (misali, IEC 60664-1, UL 60950).
• Rigakafin Hayaniya:Yi amfani da babban CMTI ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙirar ƙarancin inductance don capacitor na bypass da rage yankin madauki na hanyar ƙarfin fitarwa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

ELS680-G ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗakar fitarwa na totem-pole, wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙira idan aka kwatanta da masu haɗawa na phototransistor ko photodiode waɗanda ke buƙatar buffers na waje. Babban keɓancewar sa na 5000 Vrms ya fi yawancin na'urorin keɓance haske na 3750 Vrms. Haɗin saurin sauyawa (na yau da kullun ~130 ns jinkirin yaduwa) da babban rigakafin canjin yanayi na gama gari (10 kV/µs) ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikacen tuƙin mota masu hayaniya, manyan wutar lantarki inda ake buƙatar sauri da ƙarfi.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa shigar da LED kai tsaye daga filin microcontroller na 3.3V?

A: Ee, amma dole ne ku lissafta resistor na jerin daidai. Zaton VF=1.5V, da IF=10 mA da ake so, tare da babban fitarwa na MCU na 3.3V na ~3.0V, resistor zai zama R = (3.0V - 1.5V) / 0.01A = 150 Ohms. Tabbatar da cewa filin MCU zai iya samar da wannan ƙarfin.

Q: Menene manufar filin "Babu Haɗin kai" (Fil 2)?

A> Fil 2 ba a haɗa shi a ciki ba. Yana cikin daidaitaccen ƙirar kunshin fil 6. Ana iya barin shi yana yawo ko haɗa shi da alamar PCB don kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, amma bai kamata a haɗa shi da kowane da'ira mai aiki ba.

Q: Ta yaya zan tabbatar da rigakafin canjin yanayi na gama gari a cikin ƙirara?

A> Mataki mafi mahimmanci shine sanya capacitor na 0.1 µF na bypass kusa da fil 6 da 4 gwargwadon yiwuwa. Yi amfani da filaye masu faɗi, gajere. Na biyu, rage inductance parasitic a cikin madauki na tuƙin kofa daga fitarwa mai keɓance haske zuwa kofar na'urar wutar lantarki da komawa VEE.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yi la'akari da mai jujjuyawar tuƙin mota mai matakai uku ta amfani da IGBTs 600V. Kowane IGBT yana buƙatar siginar tuƙin kofa da aka keɓe daga allon sarrafawa. Ana iya amfani da na'urori uku na ELS680-G, ɗaya don kowane maɓalli na babban gefe da ƙananan gefe (shida gabaɗaya don gada mai daidaito). Allon sarrafawa yana ba da siginar PWM. Kowane sigina yana wucewa ta hanyar resistor mai iyakancewa zuwa LED na mai keɓance haske. A gefen fitarwa, kowane mai keɓance haske na VCC ana samar da shi ta hanyar na gida, keɓaɓɓen canjin DC-DC wanda aka ambata zuwa mai fitarwa na IGBT. Filin Vout yana haɗawa kai tsaye zuwa kofar IGBT, mai yiwuwa tare da ƙaramin resistor na jerin don damƙa ringing. An sanya capacitor 0.1 µF kai tsaye a kan fil 6 da 4 na kowane mai haɗawa. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da ƙarfin keɓancewa, tana sarrafa babban hayaniyar dV/dt daga IGBTs masu sauyawa, kuma tana sauƙaƙa ƙididdiga na ɓangaren idan aka kwatanta da mafita daban-daban.

11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

ELS680-G yana aiki bisa ka'idar keɓancewar gani. Siginar shigarwa na lantarki (ƙarfi ta hanyar LED infrared) yana sa LED ya fitar da haske. Wannan hasken ya ketare shingen keɓancewa na dielectric na ciki (yana samar da babban keɓancewar wutar lantarki) kuma ya bugi photodiode a cikin da'irar haɗaka guda ɗaya a gefen fitarwa. Wannan IC ya ƙunshi ba kawai photodiode ba har ma da haɓakawa, siffatawa, da matakin fitarwa na totem-pole. IC yana canza photocurrent zuwa tsaftataccen, siginar fitarwa na dijital wanda ke nuna yanayin shigarwa. Hanyar gani tana tabbatar da cewa babu haɗin lantarki tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa, kawai canja wurin ƙarfin haske.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Mai keɓance haske na tuƙin kofa kamar ELS680-G wani ɓangare ne na ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin lantarki na wutar lantarki zuwa haɗakarwa mafi girma, aminci, da juriya ga hayaniya. Yayin da mitocin sauyawa ke ƙaruwa a cikin injinan tuƙin mota da masu jujjuyawa don ribar inganci, saurin jinkirin yaduwa da babban CMTI sun zama mafi mahimmanci. Hakanan akwai ƙwararren tuƙi na masana'antu zuwa kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi da bin ka'idodin muhalli (maras halogen, RoHS). Fasahohin gasa sun haɗa da masu keɓance maganadisu (masu keɓancewa bisa na'urori masu canzawa) da masu keɓance capacitance, waɗanda zasu iya ba da mafi girman ƙimar bayanai da bambance-bambancen aiki daban-daban. Koyaya, keɓancewar gani ya kasance babban fasaha, mai fahimta, da ingantaccen fasaha don aikace-aikacen hanyar sadarwa na wutar lantarki mai matsakaicin sauri, babban juriya ga hayaniya, musamman inda ake buƙatar manyan ƙarfin wutar lantarki.