Takardar Bayani na LED na Mini Top View 65-21 - Kunshin SMT - 2.35V Matsakaici - Kore Mai Haske - 60mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin 65-21 yana wakiltar dangin ƙananan LED na Top View da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen fasahar haɗawa ta saman (SMT). Wannan bambance-bambancen na musamman, wanda aka gano ta lambar ɓangaren da ke nuna rarrabuwar sa, yana fitar da haske mai haske na kore-rawaya. Tsarin ginin ainihin ya ta'allaka ne akan tsarin hawa na sama-ƙasa inda haske ke fitowa ta hanyar allon da'ira (PCB). Wannan gine-gine na musamman, haɗe da mai haskaka tsaka-tsaki na haɗin gwiwa, an ƙera shi don inganta haɗin fitar da haske, yana mai da waɗannan sassa su dace sosai da aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da bututun haske ko jagororin haske.

Kunshin ƙaramin na'ura ne mai farar fata a saman. Babban fasalin aiki shine faɗin kusurwar kallonsa, wanda aka siffanta da digiri 120 (cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici, 2θ1/2). Wannan faɗin fitarwa yana tabbatar da babban gani daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, wani muhimmin al'amari ga aikace-aikacen nuni. Samfurin ya bi ƙa'idodin muhalli da aminci, gami da RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari), ƙa'idodin EU REACH, kuma ana yin shi ba tare da halogen ba (tare da Bromine <900ppm, Chlorine <900ppm, kuma jimlar su <1500ppm). Ana ba da shi akan tef da reel don dacewa da tsarin haɗawa na atomatik na ɗauka da sanyawa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin jerin 65-21 ya samo asali ne daga ƙirar sa na injiniya da na gani. Fitowar ta sama, ta hanyar PCB ita ce halayensa mai ma'ana, yana ba da damar haɗawa mai inganci cikin bututun haske ba tare da buƙatar harbi a gefe ko hawa kusurwar dama ba. Mai haskaka tsaka-tsaki a cikin kunshin yana haɓaka cire haske da jagora. Faɗin kusurwar kallonsa na digiri 120 yana ba da kyakkyawan gani a kowane bangare. Kunshin SMT yana ba da damar shimfiɗar PCB mai yawa kuma ya dace da daidaitattun hanyoyin siyar da reflow.

Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi sun bambanta, suna mai da hankali kan wuraren da ƙaramin girma, nuni mai aminci, da jagorar haske mai inganci suka fi muhimmanci. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: alamomin yanayin gani akan kayan lantarki na mabukaci da kayan aikin masana'antu; hasken baya don nuni na ruwa (LCDs), maɓallan maɓalli, maɓalli, da allunan kayan aiki; hasken gabaɗaya don talla da alamomi; da hasken cikin mota, kamar hasken baya na dashboard. An riga an tsara ɓangaren bisa ga ƙa'idodin JEDEC J-STD-020D Level 3, yana nuna ƙarfinsa don daidaitattun hanyoyin siyar da kasuwanci.

2. Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassara, mai ma'ana na mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, gani, da zafi da aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayani. Fahimtar waɗannan iyakoki da halaye yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai aminci da tabbatar da aikin LED na dogon lokaci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na LED na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ba yanayi ba ne don aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_R):12V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin hanyar baya-baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Ci gaba da Gaba Gaba (I_F):25mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai.
• Kololuwar Gaba Gaba (I_FP):60mA. Ana ba da izinin wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (ayyukan aiki na 10% a 1kHz) kuma ba za a yi amfani da shi don aikin DC ba.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya ɓarke a matsayin zafi, wanda aka lissafta azaman Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_F) × Gaba Gaba (I_F).
• Zazzabi na Haɗin gwiwa (T_j):115°C. Matsakaicin zafin da aka yarda na guntu na semiconductor da kansa.
• Aiki & Ma'ajin Zafin Jiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +90°C (ma'ajiya).
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):2000V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Ana buƙatar daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD.
• Zafin Siyayya:Don reflow, an ƙayyade kololuwar 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Don siyar da hannu, ana ba da izinin 350°C na matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace tasha.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi na 25°C da ƙarfin gaba (I_F) na 20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_V):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na millicandelas 36 (mcd) zuwa matsakaicin mcd 90. Ba a ƙayyade ƙimar al'ada ba, saboda an rarraba sassan. Ana amfani da juzu'i na ±11%.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120. Wannan shine faɗin kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya kasance aƙalla rabin matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka auna a digiri 0 (akan-axis).
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):Kimanin nanometers 575 (nm). Wannan shine tsayin tsayin da rarraba ikon bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Ya bambanta daga 569.5 nm zuwa 577.5 nm. Wannan shine fahimtar launi ɗaya na launin LED ta idon ɗan adam kuma shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don rarrabuwar launi. Juzu'i shine ±1nm.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 20 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan; ƙaramin bandwidth yana nufin launi mafi monochromatic.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_F):Ya bambanta daga 1.75V zuwa 2.35V a 20mA. Juzu'i shine ±0.1V. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar resistor mai iyakancewa a cikin jerin tare da LED.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (I_R):Matsakaicin microamperes 10 (μA) lokacin da aka yi amfani da bambancin baya na 12V.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Duk da yake ba a bayyana su a fili a cikin tebur na daban ba, ana nuna sarrafa zafi ta hanyar Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d) da Zazzabi na Haɗin gwiwa (T_j) ratings. Lankwasa rage ƙimar ƙarfin gaba yana nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba yayin da zafin yanayi ya karu sama da 25°C don hana wuce iyakar zazzabin haɗin gwiwa na 115°C. Ingantaccen shimfiɈar PCB tare da isasshen taimakon zafi yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarfi ko yanayin zafi mai yawa.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara. Jerin 65-21 yana amfani da kwandon shara daban-daban don ƙarfin haske da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon shara huɗu daban-daban (N2, P1, P2, Q1) lokacin da aka auna a I_F= 20mA. Kowace kwandon shara tana ɗaukar takamaiman kewayon:

- N2:36 mcd zuwa 45 mcd

- P1:45 mcd zuwa 57 mcd

- P2:57 mcd zuwa 72 mcd

- Q1:72 mcd zuwa 90 mcd

Lambar ɓangaren (misali, G6C-AN2Q1/3T) ta haɗa da lambobin da ke ƙayyade ko wane ƙarfi da tsayin tsayin da na'urar ke ciki, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa tare da ƙuntataccen juzu'i don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Tsawon da ya fi Rinjaye

Tsawon tsayin da ya fi rinjaye, wanda ke ayyana launin kore-rawaya da ake gani, an rarraba shi cikin Rukuni A. An raba shi zuwa lambobi huɗu (C16 zuwa C19), kowanne yana ɗaukar kewayon 2nm:

- C16:569.5 nm zuwa 571.5 nm

- C17:571.5 nm zuwa 573.5 nm

- C18:573.5 nm zuwa 575.5 nm

- C19:575.5 nm zuwa 577.5 nm

Wannan daidaitaccen rarrabuwa yana tabbatar da ƙaramin bambancin launi tsakanin LED a cikin haɗin gwiwa ɗaya, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar hasken baya na LED da yawa ko jerin nuni.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Takardar bayani tana ba da lankwaso na halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙarin la'akari da ƙira.

4.1 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Gaba Gaba

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske ba ya daidai da ƙarfin gaba. Yayin da ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, dangantakar tana karkata zuwa ƙasa-layin a manyan halayen yanzu saboda ƙaruwar zazzabin haɗin gwiwa da raguwar inganci. Yin aiki sosai sama da shawarar gwajin 20mA na iya haifar da raguwar dawowa a cikin haske da haɓaka tsufa.

4.2 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Zafin Yanayi

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna mummunan ƙimar zafin jiki na fitarwa mai haske. Yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi, fitowar hasken LED yana raguwa. Wannan shine halayen asali na hanyoyin hasken semiconductor. Lankwasa yana ba masu ƙira damar ƙididdige asarar haske a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa kuma su rama idan ya cancanta.

4.3 Gaba Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (Lankwasa I-V)

Lankwasa I-V yana da yawa a zahiri, na al'ada na diode. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu na gaba. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin mahimmancin amfani da na'urar iyakancewa (kusan koyaushe resistor) a cikin jerin tare da LED lokacin da aka kunna ta hanyar tushen wutar lantarki. Tuƙi LED tare da ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai zai haifar da guduwar zafi da lalacewa.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawalin rarraba bakan yana nuna ikon gani na dangi da aka fitar a cikin tsayin tsayin. Don wannan LED mai haske na kore-rawaya, kololuwar yana kusa da 575nm tare da cikakken faɗi na rabin matsakaici (FWHM) na 20nm. Wannan jadawalin yana da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da ke da hankali ga takamaiman abun ciki na bakan.

4.5 Tsarin Radiation

Zanen radiation na polar yana tabbatar da faɗin kusurwar kallonsa na digiri 120. Tsarin yana yiwuwa Lambertian ko kusa da Lambertian, ma'ana ƙarfin yana da kusan daidai da cosine na kusurwar kallo. Wannan tsarin yana da kyau ga hasken yanki mai faɗi da haɗin bututun haske.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi da Tsarin Ƙasa

Takardar bayani ta haɗa da cikakken zanen girma na kunshin LED. Manyan girma sun haɗa da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma tazarar jagora (tasha) da girman. An kuma ba da shawarar shimfiɗar kushin guduro (tsarin ƙasa) don PCB. Yin bin wannan tsarin da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin gwiwar guduro mai aminci, tabbatar da daidaitawar daidai yayin reflow, da sarrafa damuwa na zafi. Zanen ya ƙayyade cewa juzu'i shine ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Dole ne a lura da polarity don aiki daidai. Zanen takardar bayani yana nuna tashoshin anode da cathode. Yawanci, ana iya gano cathode ta hanyar alama a jikin kunshin, kamar ɗigo, tsaga, ko alamar kore, ko ta hanyar siffar jagora daban (misali, gajeren jagora). Haɗin polarity mara kyau yayin siyarwa zai hana LED haskakawa lokacin da aka bambanta gaba.

6. Jagororin Siyayya da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa da siyarwa yana da mahimmanci don hana lalata waɗannan sassan SMT.

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Siyayya ta Reflow

An ba da takamaiman bayanin zafin jiki na reflow mara gubar (Pb-free). Yawanci ya haɗa da: ramin dumama (misali, 150-200°C na 60-120s), ramin da aka sarrafa zuwa kololuwar zafin jiki, lokaci sama da ruwa (misali, sama da 217°C na 60-150s), kololuwar zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba na matsakaicin dakika 10, da lokacin sanyaya da aka sarrafa. Bayanin yana jaddada rage girgizar zafi da bayyanawa ga matsanancin zafin jiki.

6.2 Kula da Muhimman Abubuwa

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Resistor na waje na wajibi ne. Idan ba haka ba, ko da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da babban, lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu.
• Zagayowar Reflow:Kada LED ya sha siyar da reflow fiye da sau biyu don guje wa matsanancin damuwa na zafi akan kunshin da haɗin waya.
• Damuwa na Injiniya:Guciwa amfani da damuwa na zahiri ga LED yayin dumama (siyarwa) ko ta hanyar karkatar da PCB bayan haɗawa.
• Siyar da Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun guntun 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• Repair:Repair after soldering is discouraged. If unavoidable, a specialized double-head soldering iron should be used to simultaneously heat both terminals, preventing mechanical stress from lifting one pad.

. Packaging and Ordering Information

.1 Moisture Sensitivity and Storage

The components are packaged in a moisture-resistant barrier bag with a desiccant and a humidity indicator card. The bag should only be opened immediately before use in an environment controlled to <30°C and <60% Relative Humidity. If the indicator card shows excessive moisture exposure, the components must be baked at 60°C ±5°C for 24 hours before use to remove absorbed moisture and prevent \"popcorning\" during reflow.

.2 Tape and Reel Specifications

The LEDs are supplied on carrier tape wound onto reels for automated assembly. Key specifications include: reel dimensions (diameter, width, hub size), carrier tape pocket dimensions, and pitch (distance between pockets). The standard loaded quantity is 3000 pieces per reel. Detailed drawings for the reel, carrier tape, and the moisture-proof bag packing process are provided in the datasheet.

.3 Label Explanation

The reel label contains several codes:

- P/N:The full product number.

- CAT:The luminous intensity bin code (e.g., Q1).

- HUE:The dominant wavelength bin code (e.g., C18).

- REF:The forward voltage rank.

- LOT No:Traceability lot number.

. Application Design Considerations

.1 Typical Application Circuits

The most basic and essential circuit is a voltage source (V_CC), a current-limiting resistor (R_S), and the LED in series. The resistor value is calculated using Ohm's Law: R_S= (V_CC- V_F) / I_F, where V_Fand I_Fare the desired operating points. Always use the maximum V_Ffrom the datasheet (2.35V) for a worst-case design to ensure the current does not exceed limits. For example, with a 5V supply and a target I_Fof 20mA: R_S= (5V - 2.35V) / 0.020A = 132.5Ω. A standard 130Ω or 150Ω resistor would be appropriate, with power rating P = I_F²× R_S.

.2 Light Pipe and Guide Coupling

For light pipe applications, the top-view emission through the PCB is ideal. The LED should be positioned directly under the input surface of the light pipe. The wide viewing angle helps capture a large portion of the emitted light into the pipe. The gap between the LED dome and the light pipe should be minimized, and optical coupling materials (e.g., silicone, clear adhesive) may be used to reduce Fresnel reflection losses at the air gap.

.3 Thermal Management in PCB Layout

Although a small-signal device, thermal management improves longevity. Use the recommended solder pad dimensions. Connecting the thermal pad (if present) or the cathode/anode pads to larger copper areas on the PCB helps dissipate heat. Thermal vias under the package can transfer heat to inner or bottom layers. Avoid placing the LED near other heat-generating components.

. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 65-21 series differentiates itself primarily through itstop-view, through-PCB optical path. Compared to standard side-view or right-angle LEDs, this design simplifies mechanical integration with light pipes, eliminating the need for complex bends or 90-degree turns in the light guide. The integrated inter-reflector is a feature aimed at improving optical efficiency specifically for this coupling method. The 120-degree viewing angle is exceptionally wide for a top-view package, offering better off-axis visibility than many competitors. Its compliance with the latest halogen-free and high-temperature (lead-free) soldering standards makes it suitable for modern, environmentally conscious electronics manufacturing.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I drive this LED directly from a 3.3V or 5V microcontroller pin?

A: No. You must always use a series current-limiting resistor. The I-V curve shows that a small change in voltage causes a large change in current. A microcontroller pin's output voltage can vary, and connecting the LED directly would likely destroy it.

Q2: Why is my LED dimmer than expected when I use it in a high-temperature environment?

A: This is normal behavior. Refer to the \"Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature\" curve. LED light output decreases as temperature increases. You may need to select a higher brightness bin (e.g., Q1) or slightly increase the drive current (within absolute limits) to compensate, while ensuring thermal limits are not exceeded.

Q3: The bag was opened yesterday. Can I use the remaining LEDs today without baking?

A: It depends on the factory floor conditions and the moisture sensitivity level (MSL) of the component, which is implied by the baking instructions. If the environment was controlled (<30°C/60% RH) and the exposure time was short (likely less than the specified MSL floor life, e.g., 168 hours for MSL 3), it is probably safe. If in doubt, or if the humidity indicator card shows warning levels, bake the components as specified.

Q4: What is the difference between Peak Wavelength and Dominant Wavelength?

A: Peak Wavelength (λ_p) is the physical wavelength where the LED emits the most optical power. Dominant Wavelength (λ_d) is a calculated single wavelength that would be perceived by the human eye as having the same color as the LED's broad spectrum. λ_dis more relevant for color matching in visual applications.

. Design-in Case Study

Scenario: Designing a status indicator panel with a light pipe for an industrial controller.

1. Requirement:Multiple yellow-green status LEDs need to be visible from the front panel via individual light pipes.

2. Component Selection:The 65-21 series is chosen for its top-view emission, simplifying the mechanical design. The light pipe can be a straight, vertical element sitting directly over the LED on the PCB.

3. Binning:To ensure uniform brightness across the panel, LEDs from the same luminous intensity bin (e.g., all P2 or Q1) are specified. To ensure uniform color, LEDs from the same dominant wavelength bin (e.g., all C18) are specified.

4. Circuit Design:A common 5V rail is used. Using the max V_Fof 2.35V and a target I_Fof 20mA, a 150Ω series resistor is chosen for each LED, dissipating 60mW (0.06W) per resistor. A 1/8W or 1/10W resistor is sufficient.

5. PCB Layout:LEDs are placed according to the light pipe positions. The recommended land pattern is used. Small thermal relief connections are used on the pads to aid soldering while maintaining some thermal conduction to the ground/power plane.

6. Result:A clean, reliable indicator system with consistent brightness and color, enabled by the specific optical coupling advantages of the 65-21 LED.

. Operating Principle

The LED is based on an AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor chip. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's turn-on voltage (approximately 1.8-2.0V) is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region of the semiconductor. These charge carriers recombine, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which in turn dictates the wavelength of the emitted light, in this case, in the yellow-green spectrum (around 575nm). The chip is encapsulated in a white, reflective plastic package with a clear epoxy dome. The white plastic reflects side-emitted light upward, and the dome acts as a lens, shaping the radiation pattern and providing environmental protection.

. Technology Trends

The general trend in indicator and backlight LEDs is toward higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), smaller package sizes enabling higher density, and improved reliability under harsh conditions (higher temperature, humidity). There is also a strong drive for broader adoption of environmentally friendly materials (halogen-free, lead-free) and processes. The specific top-view, through-PCB design exemplified by the 65-21 series addresses a persistent need in human-machine interface (HMI) design for efficient light guiding, a trend that continues as devices become more compact and integrated. Future developments may include even thinner packages, integrated driver circuitry, or tunable color options within a single package footprint.