Takardar Bayani na PLCC-2 LED Mai Sanyi - 3.1mm x 2.8mm x 1.9mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 3.1V - Ƙarfi 0.062W - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun LED mai ƙima, wanda ake amfani da shi ta hanyar haɗawa ta PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). An ƙera na'urar don ingantacciyar aminci da aiki a cikin yanayi masu wahala, yana nuna zafin launin sanyi. Manufar ƙirarta ta farko ita ce aikace-aikacen cikin mota, inda fitar da haske mai daidaito, faɗaɗa kusurwoyin kallo, da ƙaƙƙarfan gini suke da muhimmanci. LED ya cancanci ma'aunin AEC-Q102 don rarraba na'urorin gani a aikace-aikacen mota, yana tabbatar da cewa ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun inganci da aminci don zagayawar zafin jiki, juriya ga ɗanɗano, da aiki na dogon lokaci.

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da ƙaramin siffarsa, ingantaccen ingantaccen haske don girman fakitinsa, da faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo na digiri 120, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen hasken baya da alamomin da ke da muhimmanci. Hakanan yana bin manyan ka'idojin muhalli ciki har da RoHS, REACH, da ƙa'idodin marasa halogen, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai dacewa don ƙirar lantarki na zamani tare da ƙuntatawa na kayan aiki.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na'urar Lantarki

An ayyana mahimman sigogi na aiki a ƙarƙashin daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske shine 1800 millicandelas (mcd), tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙima mafi ƙanƙanta na 900 mcd kuma matsakaici har zuwa 3550 mcd dangane da rukunin samarwa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci yana auna 3.1V, tare da kewayon daga 2.5V zuwa 3.75V. Wannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu. Babban tsayin tsayi yana siffanta shi ta hanyar madaidaicin madaidaicin launi na CIE 1931, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar x da y kusan 0.3, yana ayyana ma'anar Sanyi Fari. Ana amfani da jurewar ±0.005 ga waɗannan madaidaitan.

Na'urar tana da faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo (2φ) na digiri 120, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman kusurwar kashe-axis inda ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa. Wannan siffa tana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske ko da a kan babban yanki.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaici da Gudanar da Zafi

Don tabbatar da ingantaccen aminci na dogon lokaci, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urar ba wuce Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici ba. Matsakaicin ci gaba na halin yanzu na gaba shine 30 mA, tare da matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na 112 mW. Don gajerun bugun jini (≤10 μs, aikin aiki 0.005), halin yanzu na guguwa (I_FM) na 250 mA yana halatta. Zafin haɗin gwiwa (T_J) kada ya wuce 125°C. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +110°C, yana tabbatar da dacewarsa ga yanayin mota.

Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rai. Takardar bayani ta ƙayyade ƙimar juriya na zafi guda biyu: ainihin juriya na zafi (R_{th JS real}) daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder shine matsakaicin 130 K/W, yayin da ƙimar hanyar lantarki (R_{th JS el}) shine 100 K/W. Daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB tare da isasshen taimakon zafi da yankin tagulla yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙaramin zafin wurin solder, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa rage halin yanzu na gaba.

2.3 Ingantaccen Ingantaccen Bayani da Bin Ka'idoji

LED yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan gini tare da ƙarfin jurewa na Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) na 8 kV (Halin Jikin Mutum, HBM). An ƙididdige shi don Matakin Hankali na Danshi (MSL) 3, yana nuna cewa za a iya fallasa shi ga yanayin bene na masana'anta har zuwa sa'o'i 168 kafin a sake yin solder. Bugu da ƙari, ya cika ƙa'idar Ƙarfin Lalle na B1, yana haɓaka juriyarsa ga yanayi mai lalata. An tabbatar da cikakkiyar bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ƙa'idodin marasa halogen (Br <900ppm, Cl <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm).

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

3.1 Lanƙwasa IV da Ingantaccen Haske

Graf na halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (I-V) yana nuna alaƙar alaƙar alaƙa. A matsakaicin wurin aiki na 20mA, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana kusan 3.1V. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar abubuwan tuƙi masu dacewa. Graf na dangi mai ƙarfi na haske da halin yanzu na gaba yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙaruwa da ƙasa da layi tare da halin yanzu fiye da matsakaicin wurin aiki, kuma ba a ba da shawarar yin aiki sama da 30mA ba. Lanƙwasa rage halin yanzu na gaba yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar zafi, yana nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba yayin da zafin kushin solder ya ƙaru sama da 25°C.

3.2 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki da Halayen Bakan

Graf na dangi mai ƙarfi na haske da zafin haɗin gwiwa yana nuna raguwar da ake tsammani a cikin fitar da haske yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, halayen gama gari na LEDs. Lanƙwasa na dangi na gaba da zafin haɗin gwiwa yana da gangare mara kyau, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi a wasu da'irori don jin zafin jiki. Grafs na canjin madaidaicin launi da halin yanzu da zafin jiki suna nuna ƙaramin bambanci, yana nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na launi a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban. Graf na halayen tsayin tsayi yana nuna rarraba ƙarfin bakan dangi, na al'ada na LED farin da aka canza phosphor tare da famfo shuɗi da faɗaɗa fitar da phosphor rawaya.

3.3 Ƙarfin Aiki na Bugun Jini

Graf na ƙarfin ɗaukar bugun jini da aka halatta yana ba da jagora don tuƙi LED tare da halin yanzu na bugun jini sama da matsakaicin DC. Yana zana girman halin yanzu na gaba (I_FA) akan faɗin bugun jini (t_p) don matakan aiki daban-daban (D). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar samun mafi girman haske na nan take don aikace-aikacen strobe ko siginar ba tare da wuce matsakaicin iyakokin wutar lantarki ba.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Samfurin yana samuwa a cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara bisa ƙarfin haske da madaidaitan launi don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin ƙirar aikace-aikace.

4.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

An tsara ƙarfin haske zuwa rukunoni da yawa waɗanda aka keɓance ta lambobin haruffa (misali, L1, L2, M1... har zuwa GA). Kowane rumbun yana ayyana takamaiman kewayon mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske da aka auna a millicandelas (mcd). Don wannan takamaiman lambar ɓangaren, an haskaka rukunin fitarwa mai yuwuwa kuma sun haɗa da kewayon daga 1120 mcd zuwa 3550 mcd (rumbun AA zuwa CA), tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 1800 mcd ya faɗi cikin rumbun BA (1800-2240 mcd). Ana amfani da jurewar auna na ±8%.

4.2 Rarraba Matsayin Launi

An tsara launin Sanyi Fari bisa ga tsarin madaidaicin CIE 1931 (x, y). Takardar bayani tana ba da tebur da ke jera lambobin rumbun ajiya daban-daban (misali, PK0, HK0, NK0) da yankunansu na quadrilateral da aka ayyana ta hanyar saiti huɗu na madaidaitan (x, y). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LEDs tare da ƙaƙƙarfan sarrafa launi don aikace-aikacen da daidaitawar launi ke da mahimmanci, kamar a cikin gungu na dashboard ko maɓallan hasken baya.

5. Bayanin Injiniya, Tufafi, da Haɗawa

5.1 Girman Injiniya da Polarity

LED yana zaune a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin saman PLCC-2. Zanen injiniya (wanda aka ambata a cikin PDF) ya ƙayyade ainihin girmansa, gami da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da jurewa. Fakitin yawanci yana fasalta ruwan tabarau da aka ƙera. Ana nuna polarity ta alamar cathode, sau da yawa notch ko digo akan fakitin, wanda dole ne a daidaita shi daidai da shafin ƙafar PCB.

5.2 Shafin Ƙafar PCB da Solder da Ake Ba da Shawara

An ba da shimfidar kushin solder da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar solder masu aminci da ingantaccen aikin zafi. Wannan ya haɗa da girma don kushin ƙarfe da kushin zafi (idan akwai). An ƙayyade bayanin siffar sake yin solder, tare da kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 30. Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar fakitin ko lalata kayan ciki.

5.3 Tufafi da Kula da Kulawa

Ana samar da abubuwan a cikin fakitin tef da reel wanda ya dace da injunan haɗawa da zaɓe da wuri. Kula da amfani sun haɗa da daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD (ta amfani da bel ɗin wuyan hannu da tashoshi na aiki), guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, da hana gurɓata. Hakanan za'a iya ƙayyade takamaiman ma'aunin gwajin juriya na sulfur don aikace-aikace a cikin yanayi mai yawan sulfur.

6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Tunani na Ƙira

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Babban aikace-aikacen shine hasken cikin mota. Wannan ya haɗa da hasken baya don gungu na kayan aiki, maɓallan tsarin nishadantarwa, bangarorin sarrafa yanayi, da hasken yanayi na gabaɗaya na ɗaki. Hakanan ya dace da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban da manufar nuni gabaɗaya inda ake son faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo da hasken sanyi.

6.2 Ƙirar Da'ira da Tunani na Zafi

Dole ne masu ƙira su aiwatar da da'irar tuƙi mai ci gaba don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da dogon rayuwar LED, kamar yadda hasken LED aiki ne na halin yanzu, ba ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba. Ana iya amfani da resistor na jerin don aikace-aikace masu sauƙi, amma ana ba da shawarar tuƙi mai aiki don yanayin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na mota (misali, tsarin 12V). Ƙirar zafi ba ta da sasantawa. Dole ne PCB ta samar da isasshen hanyar zafi daga kushin solder na LED zuwa babban yankin tagulla ko heatsink don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa ƙasa da matsakaicin 125°C, musamman lokacin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu.

6.3 Tunani na Ƙirar Gani

Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana nufin an fitar da haske a cikin tsarin Lambertian mai faɗi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi mayar da hankali, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urori na gani na biyu kamar ruwan tabarau ko jagororin haske. Dole ne a yi kwaikwayon ko samfuri na hulɗar tsarin fitar da LED tare da waɗannan abubuwan gani don cimma sakamakon haske da ake so.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Jagorar Zaɓi

Lokacin zaɓar LED don aikace-aikacen cikin mota, manyan bambance-bambance don wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da cancantar AEC-Q102, faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo, da takamaiman rukunin ƙarfin haske. Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs marasa nau'in mota, wannan ɓangaren yana ba da ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin girgizar zafi, ɗanɗano, da damuwa na aiki na dogon lokaci. Fakitin PLCC-2 yana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin girman, fitar da haske, da sauƙin haɗawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan fakitin ƙirar ƙirar ƙira ko manyan na'urori ta hanyar rami.

8. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Tambaya (FAQs)

Q: Menene manufar bayanin rarraba?

A: Rarraba yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin rukunin samarwa. Don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da LEDs da yawa tare (kamar panel hasken baya), ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan rumbun don ƙarfin haske da madaidaitan launi yana hana bambance-bambancen gani a cikin haske ko launi tsakanin LEDs ɗaya.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen 5V ko 12V?

A: A'a. LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen wutar lantarki sama da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu, mai yuwuwa lalata shi nan take. Dole ne koyaushe kuna amfani da tsarin iyakance halin yanzu, kamar resistor ko takamaiman LED tuƙi IC.

Q: Me yasa ƙayyadaddun juriya na zafi yake da mahimmanci?

A: Juriya na zafi yana ƙididdige yadda zafi zai iya tserewa daga haɗin gwiwar LED. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nufin mafi kyawun ɓarkewar zafi. Wuce matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa yana rage fitar da haske sosai kuma yana rage tsawon rayuwar aikin LED. Isasshen zafi, kamar yadda juriya na zafi da lanƙwasa ragewa ke jagoranta, yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki.

Q: Menene MSL 3 ke nufi ga ajiya da sarrafawa?

A: MSL (Matakin Hankali na Danshi) 3 yana nufin fakitin zai iya ɗaukar matakan ɗanɗano masu lalata idan an fallasa shi ga yanayin yanayi fiye da sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Bayan wannan lokacin, ko kuma idan an buɗe ainihin jakar da aka rufe, dole ne a gasa abubuwan bisa ga takamaiman bayani kafin a iya sake yin solder da aminci don hana "popcorning" ko rabuwa na ciki.

9. Ka'idojin Aiki

Wannan LED farin ne da aka canza phosphor. Babban guntun semiconductor yana fitar da hasken shuɗi lokacin da aka nuna bambanci (electroluminescence). Wannan hasken shuɗi ya bugi wani Layer na rawaya (ko rawaya da ja) kayan phosphor da aka ajiye a kan ko kusa da guntun. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da shi azaman mafi faɗi na tsayin tsayi (rawaya, ja). Haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken da aka canza phosphor yana haifar da fahimtar hasken fari. Ainihin rabo na shuɗi zuwa fitar da phosphor yana ƙayyade daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT), a wannan yanayin, Sanyi Fari.

10. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

Trend a cikin hasken cikin mota yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, haske mai ƙarfi, da gogewar yanayi na keɓancewa. Yayin da LEDs masu hankali irin su wannan ɓangaren PLCC-2 suka kasance masu mahimmanci don hasken baya na canji da alamomin asali, akwai karuwar karɓar igiyoyin LED masu sassauƙa, LEDs na RGB masu adireshi, da fasahohin jagorar haske don ƙirar saman haske mara tsari. Bugu da ƙari, buƙatar mafi girman inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt) da ingantaccen ma'anar launi (CRI) yana ci gaba, yana tura ci gaba a cikin fasahar phosphor da ƙirar guntu. Ƙaƙƙarfan cancantar mota (AEC-Q102) da bin ka'idojin muhalli (marasa halogen) da aka haskaka a cikin wannan takardar bayani suna nuna babban mayar da hankali na masana'antu akan aminci, tsawon rai, da alhakin muhalli.