Takardun Bayani na PLCC-2 LED Mai Sanyi Fari - Girmansa 1608 - 2.85V a 10mA - Kallon Kusa 120° - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayani game da babban LED Mai Sanyi Fari wanda ake haɗawa a saman allo (surface-mount) a cikin marufi na PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier), wanda aka keɓe shi da girman 1608. An ƙera wannan na'urar don aminci da aiki mai kyau a cikin yanayi masu wahala, yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na 710 millicandelas (mcd) a cikin halin yanzu na gaba na 10 milliamperes (mA). Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kan ƙirarsa shine aikace-aikacen cikin mota, inda samar da haske mai daidaito, kusurwoyin kallo masu faɗi, da ƙirar ƙarfi suke da muhimmanci.

Babban fa'idodin LED ɗin sun haɗa da ƙaramin girmansa na 1608, kusurwar kallo mai faɗi 120 digiri don rarraba haske mai kyau, da bin ƙa'idodin mota da muhalli masu tsauri kamar AEC-Q102, RoHS, REACH, da buƙatun marasa halogen. An yi niyya ne ga kasuwanni masu buƙatar haske mai dogon rai a cikin ƙunƙuntaccen sarari, kamar na'urorin dashboard na mota, maɓallai masu haske a baya, da hasken ciki na gabaɗaya.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na'urar Lantarki

Mahimman ma'auni suna bayyana aikin LED ɗin a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun (T_s=25°C). Halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) yana da kewayon aiki daga 2 mA zuwa matsakaicin 20 mA, tare da 10 mA shine yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun. A wannan halin yanzu, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) shine 2.85V, tare da kewayon daga 2.5V zuwa 3.75V. Babban fitarwa na haske, ƙarfin haske (I_V), an ƙayyade shi da ƙimar yau da kullun na 710 mcd, mafi ƙarancin 560 mcd, kuma yana iya kaiwa zuwa 1300 mcd. Matsakaicin mahimman ma'auni na launi (CIE x, y) kusan 0.3, 0.3 ne, wanda ke bayyana ma'anar farin sanyi. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da ƙimar ma'auni masu alaƙa: ±8% don ƙarfin haske, ±0.05V don ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, da ±0.005 don ma'auni na launi.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsayin Aiki da Gudanar da Zafi

Don tabbatar da tsawon rai na na'urar, dole ne yanayin aiki kada ya wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba shine 20 mA, tare da iyakar watsar da wutar lantarki na 75 mW. Na'urar na iya jure halin yanzu na gaggawa (I_FM) na 50 mA don bugun jini ≤10 μs. Yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa (T_J) bai kamata ya wuce 125°C ba, tare da kewayon yanayin zafi na aiki daga -40°C zuwa +110°C. Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci; juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder an ƙayyade shi azaman 160 K/W (na gaske) da 140 K/W (na lantarki). Wannan ma'auni yana nuna yadda ake fitar da zafi daga guntun LED, wanda ke shafar kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa da tsawon rai kai tsaye.

2.3 Amintattun Bayanai da Ƙayyadaddun Muhalli

An ƙera LED ɗin don ƙarfi. Yana da ƙimar hankali na ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na 2 kV (Tsarin Jikin Mutum), wanda shine matakin daidaitaccen matakin sarrafa kayan aiki. Ya cancanci ƙa'idar AEC-Q102, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewarsa don aikace-aikacen mota. Bugu da ƙari, ya cika ƙa'idar Ƙarfin Lalle Class B1, yana ba da bin ƙa'idodin EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Matakin Hankali na Danshi (MSL) shine 3, ma'ana dole ne a gasa marufin idan an fallasa shi ga iska fiye da sa'o'i 168 kafin a yi solder reflow.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

3.1 Lankwasa IV da Ingancin Haske

Graf na halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana nuna alaƙar alaƙa ta musamman. Yayin da halin yanzu ya karu daga 0 zuwa 25 mA, ƙarfin lantarki yana tashi daga kusan 2.4V zuwa 3.2V. Wannan lankwasa tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar kewayawar iyakance halin yanzu. Graf na ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da halin yanzu na gaba yana nuna cewa fitarwa na haske yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da halin yanzu a ƙananan matakai kafin ya karkata zuwa cikarwa a manyan halayen yanzu, yana jaddada mahimmancin tuka LED a ko kusa da halin yanzu da aka shawarata don ingantaccen inganci.

3.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Graf na ayyuka suna bayyana dogaro mai mahimmanci ga yanayin zafi. Lankwasa na ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa yana nuna cewa fitarwa yana raguwa yayin da zafi ya karu. A 100°C, ƙarfin yana kusan 60-70% na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Akasin haka, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau, yana raguwa da kusan 0.2V a cikin wannan kewayon zafi. Ma'auni na launi kuma suna canzawa tare da halin yanzu da zafi, wanda shine mahimmin la'akari don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingancin launi mai daidaito.

3.3 Rarraba Haske da Tsarin Bakan Haske

Graf na rarraba haske mai alaƙa yana tabbatar da bakan farin sanyi, na yau da kullun na guntun LED shuɗi tare da rufin phosphor. Kololuwar tana cikin yankin shuɗi, tare da babban kololuwa na biyu a cikin yankin rawaya/kore daga phosphor. Zanen tsarin bakan haske yana kwatanta bayanin fitarwa mai kama da Lambertian tare da cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici (FWHM) na 120°, yana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai.

3.4 Rage Aiki da Aikin Bugun Jini

Lankwasa na rage halin yanzu na gaba yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai zafi. A matsakaicin zafin ƙafar solder na 110°C, halin yanzu na ci gaba da halatta ya ragu zuwa 20 mA. Graf ɗin kuma ya ƙayyade kada a yi amfani da halayen yanzu ƙasa da 2mA. Jadawalin iyawar sarrafa bugun jini na halatta yana ba masu ƙira damar yin amfani da manyan halayen yanzu (I_F) na ɗan gajeren lokaci (daga 0.1 ms zuwa dakika 10) a cikin zagayowar aiki daban-daban, wanda ke da amfani don haɗawa ko ƙirƙirar fashewar haske.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

An rarraba fitarwa na LED zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. An ba da manyan tsarin rarraba guda biyu.

4.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

An tsara ƙarfin haske zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu lakabi daga Q zuwa B, tare da kowane rukunin da aka raba zuwa rukunin X, Y, da Z waɗanda ke wakiltar kewayon ƙarfi masu haɓaka. Ga wannan lambar sashe ta musamman (1608-C701 00H-AM), an haskaka rukunin fitarwa mai yuwuwa, yana cikin ƙungiyoyin U da V. Wannan yana nufin cewa ɓangaren 710 mcd na yau da kullun yana cikin babban kewayon ƙungiyar U (U-Z: 610-710 mcd) ko ƙananan kewayon ƙungiyar V (V-X: 710-820 mcd). Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan kewayon lokacin da suke ƙayyade matakan haske mafi ƙarancin.

4.2 Rarraba Launi (Kala)

Daidaitaccen tsarin rukunin launi mai sanyi fari yana bayyana takamaiman murabba'ai akan zanen ma'auni na launi na CIE 1931. Kowane rukuni (misali, PK0, NK0, MK0) an bayyana shi da saiti huɗu na ma'auni (x, y) waɗanda suka zama iyakokinsa. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa duk LED ɗin da ke cikin lambar rukunin da aka bayar za su nuna ma'auni na launi a cikin wannan yanki da aka ƙayyade, suna kiyaye daidaiton launi a cikin jeri. Tebur da aka bayar yana jera lambobin rukuni da yawa da saitin ma'auni masu dacewa.

5. Bayanai na Injiniya, Marufi da Tari

5.1 Girman Injiniya da Polarity

LED yana amfani da daidaitaccen marufi na PLCC-2 na 1608 (1.6mm x 0.8mm). Zanen injiniya zai nuna ra'ayin sama, ra'ayin gefe, da sawun ƙafa. Marufin PLCC-2 yana da igiyoyi biyu. An nuna polarity ta hanyar alama a saman na'urar, kamar ɗigo ko yanke kusurwa, wanda yayi daidai da igiyar cathode (-). Daidaitaccen alkibla yana da mahimmanci don aikin kewayawa.

5.2 Tsarin Ƙafar Solder da Aka Shawarta

An ba da tsarin ƙafar ƙasa (ƙafar solder) da aka shawarata don tabbatar da haɗin solder mai aminci da daidaitawar daidai yayin reflow. Wannan tsarin ya ɗan fi girma fiye da igiyoyin kayan aikin don sauƙaƙe samuwar fillet solder mai kyau. Bin wannan sawun ƙafa yana da mahimmanci don yawan samarwa da amincin injiniya na dogon lokaci.

5.3 Bayanin Yanayin Solder Reflow da Jagorori

Takardun bayani ta ƙayyade yanayin solder reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 30. Wannan shine daidaitaccen yanayin reflow maras gubar (Pb-free). Yanayin ya haɗa da yankunan dumama, jiƙa zafi, reflow, da sanyaya tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar rampa da iyakokin lokaci don hana girgiza zafi da tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder daidai ba tare da lalata marufin LED ko mutuwar ciki ba.

5.4 Bayanin Marufi

Ana ba da LED ɗin akan tef da reel don haɗawa ta atomatik ta hanyar ɗauka da sanyawa. Bayanin marufi yana ƙididdige girman reel, faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da alkiblar kayan aikin akan tef ɗin. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don daidaita kayan aikin haɗawa.

5.5 Abubuwan Kariya don Amfani da Ajiya

Mahimman abubuwan kariya sun haɗa da: guje wa amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya, tabbatar da cewa yanayin aiki bai wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar ba, aiwatar da hanyoyin sarrafa ESD daidai, da bin ƙayyadaddun yanayin reflow. Yanayin ajiya ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon -40°C zuwa +110°C, kuma dole ne a bi hanyoyin sarrafa MSL-3 idan an buɗe jakar.

6. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Babban aikace-aikacen shine hasken cikin mota. Wannan ya haɗa da haske don gungu na kayan aiki, samar da hasken baya don ma'auni da nunin. Hakanan yana da kyau don hasken baya na maɓallai daban-daban (taga wutar lantarki, sarrafa yanayi) da kuma don hasken yanayi na gabaɗaya ko haske a cikin ɗakin. Ƙayyadaddun amincinsa sun sa ya dace da waɗannan yanayi masu tsauri, masu zagayowar zafi.

6.2 Abubuwan Ƙira na Kewayawa

Dole ne masu ƙira su haɗa da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko kewayawar direba mai ci gaba. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Ta amfani da V na yau da kullun_Fna 2.85V da I da ake so_Fna 10mA tare da wadata 5V, resistor ɗin zai kasance kusan (5 - 2.85) / 0.01 = 215 Ohms. Ana ba da shawarar IC direba don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sarrafa halin yanzu daidai ko duhu (PWM). Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana kawar da buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu a yawancin aikace-aikacen haske masu watsewa.

6.3 Gudanar da Zafi a cikin Ƙira

Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai. Babban ƙimar juriyar zafi yana nufin zafi ba ya sauƙin tserewa daga haɗin gwiwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar cewa ƙafar PCB da ke haɗe da ƙafar zafi na LED (idan akwai) ya isa girmansa kuma an haɗa shi da zubar da tagulla ko jiragen sama don zama mai yada zafi. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi (misali, kusa da na'urorin lantarki na injin mota), dole ne a rage halin yanzu bisa ga lankwasa da aka bayar.

6.4 Ma'aunin Juriya ga Sulfur

Takardun bayani ta haɗa da sashen gwajin sulfur, wanda ke da alaƙa musamman da yanayin mota da masana'antu inda sulfur na yanayi zai iya lalata kayan azurfa. Wannan gwajin yana tabbatar da juriyar LED ga irin waɗannan yanayi, wani muhimmin al'amari don amincin dogon lokaci a wasu wurare ko aikace-aikace.

7. Bayanin Oda da Lambar Sashe

Tsarin lambar sashe yana ba da takamaiman bayani. Ga misalin "1608-C701 00H-AM": "1608" yana nuna girman marufi, "C701" mai yiwuwa shine lambar samfurin tushe, kuma "00H-AM" na iya ƙayyade rukunin ƙarfin haske da rukunin launi (misali, Sanyi Fari). Sashen bayanin oda zai ƙididdige yadda ake ƙayyade rukunoni daban-daban ko zaɓuɓɓukan marufi (tef da reel vs. girma).

8. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin juriyar zafi na gaske da na lantarki (R_{th JS})?

A: Juriyar zafi na gaske ana auna shi ta amfani da ma'auni mai hankali ga zafi (kamar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba) na LED ɗin kansa. Juriyar zafi ta lantarki sau da yawa ƙididdigewa ce ko ƙimar kwaikwayo. Ƙimar gaske gabaɗaya ta fi daidaito don ƙirar zafi.

Q: Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED da wadata 3.3V ba tare da resistor ba?

A: A'a. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana bambanta (2.5V-3.75V). Haɗa 3.3V kai tsaye zai iya haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa idan V_Fyana da ƙasa, mai yuwuwar lalata LED. Koyaushe yi amfani da tsarin iyakance halin yanzu.

Q: Ta yaya kusurwar kallo 120° ke shafar ƙirata?

A: Yana ba da haske mai faɗi sosai, mai watsewa. Yana da kyau don hasken yanki amma ba don ƙirƙirar hasken da aka mayar da hankali ba. Don tasirin hasken haske, za a buƙaci ruwan tabarau na biyu.

Q: Shin wannan LED yana iya duhu?

A: Ee, kamar yawancin LED, ana iya duhunsa yadda ya kamata ta amfani da Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Kada a yi amfani da rage ƙarfin lantarki na analog don duhu, saboda yana haifar da canjin launi mai mahimmanci.

9. Ka'idojin Fasaha da Trends

9.1 Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ne farin da aka canza phosphor. Guntun semiconductor, yawanci an yi shi da indium gallium nitride (InGaN), yana fitar da hasken shuɗi lokacin da aka nuna shi gaba. Wannan hasken shuɗi yana motsa rufin phosphor na rawaya (ko rawaya-ja) a cikin marufi. Haɗuwar sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka canza yana haifar da fahimtar hasken fari. Takamaiman haɗuwar phosphor yana ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT), a wannan yanayin, "Sanyi Fari."

9.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin irin waɗannan sassa yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (lumens da yawa kowace watt), ingantaccen ma'auni na nuna launi (CRI) don ingantaccen ingancin haske, da ƙaramin ƙarami yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitarwa na haske. Hakanan akwai ƙwararren tuƙi zuwa ga mafi girman ƙa'idodin aminci da cikakken bin ƙa'idodin muhalli (misali, ƙarancin haɗarin hasken shuɗi, cikakken sake yin amfani da su). Haɗawa tare da direbobi masu hankali don haske mai daidaitawa wani yanki ne na girma, musamman a aikace-aikacen mota.