Takardar Bayani na LED LTA-1000KR - Sandar Haske Mai Siffar Rectangle - Launi Mai Tsananin Ja - Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba 2.6V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 70mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

LTA-1000KR wani na'urar nuni ce ta LED (Light Emitting Diode) wacce aka ƙera a matsayin sandar haske mai siffar rectangle mai sassa goma. Aikin ta na farko shine samar da babban wuri mai haske mai ƙarfi da daidaito don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mai nuna alama ko tushen haske mai ci gaba. An ƙera na'urar don aminci da inganci, ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na ci gaba don samar da aiki mai daidaito.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Fa'idodin mahimmanci na wannan samfurin sun haɗa da babban saman fitar da haske mai daidaito, wanda ya dace sosai don masu nuna matsayi, hasken panel, ko hasken baya inda ake son tsarin rectangle na musamman. Yana aiki tare da ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar tsarin mai ingancin makamashi. Ƙarfin haske da bambanci suna tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani ko da a cikin wurare masu haske. Gina sa na tsarin ƙarfe yana ba da ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rai idan aka kwatanta da masu nuna alamar incandescent ko fluorescent na gargajiya, ba tare da filaments da za su karye ko iskar gas da za ta lalace ba. An rarraba na'urar don ƙarfin haske, yana ba da damar daidaita haske a cikin samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ya bi ka'idojin kunshewa marasa gubar, yana daidaitawa da ƙa'idodin muhalli na zamani (RoHS). Wannan haɗin fasaloli ya sa ya dace da panel ɗin sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin ma'auni, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da aikace-aikacen dashboard na mota inda dogaro da bayyananniyar alamar gani ke da mahimmanci.

2. Cikakken Bayani na Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na haƙiƙa, game da ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na jiki na na'urar kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayanai.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na'urar Gani

Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin na'urar. Guntuwar LED da aka yi amfani da ita ta dogara ne akan fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide) akan substrate na GaAs mara bayyana, wanda aka sani da inganci a cikin bakan tsawon raƙuman ruwa ja/lemu. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman fitarwa (λp) na yau da kullun shine 639 nm lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) na 20 mA, yana sanya shi a cikin kewayon launin "Super Red". Tsayin raƙuman da ya fi rinjaye (λd) an ƙayyade shi a 631 nm. Rabin faɗin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm, yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen rukunin hasken da aka fitar, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsaftar launi.

Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (Iv) kowane sashe shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci. Ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na IF=1 mA, ƙarfin yana kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 200 μcd zuwa ƙimar al'ada na 675 μcd. Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske tsakanin wuraren haske iri ɗaya an ƙayyade shi azaman 2:1 matsakaici, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da bayyanar daidaito a duk sassa goma lokacin da aka haskaka su lokaci ɗaya.

2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki da Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Fahimtar iyakokin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai dogaro. Matsakaicin ƙididdiga yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki Kowane Sashe:70 mW matsakaici. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da za a iya kashewa cikin aminci azaman zafi ta hanyar sashen LED guda ɗaya.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Kowane Sashe:25 mA matsakaici a 25°C. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa a layi daya a 0.33 mA/°C yayin da yanayin zafi (Ta) ya karu sama da 25°C. Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙididdige rage matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki a mafi girman yanayin aikin aikace-aikacensu.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Kowane Sashe:90 mA matsakaici, amma kawai ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, 0.1 ms faɗin bugun jini). Wannan yana ba da damar tuƙi ɗan gajeren lokaci don cimma mafi girman haske na nan take.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Kowane Sashe (VF):Yawanci 2.6 V a IF=20 mA, tare da matsakaicin 2.6 V. Mafi ƙarancin shine 2.0 V. Wannan faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya Kowane Sashe:5 V matsakaici. Wuce wannan na iya lalata haɗin LED.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya Kowane Sashe (IR):100 μA matsakaici lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5 V.

2.3 Ƙayyadaddun Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon yanayin zafi na aiki daga -35°C zuwa +105°C. Kewayon yanayin ajiya iri ɗaya ne. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Ragewar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tare da zafi (0.33 mA/°C) sakamako ne kai tsaye na halayen zafi na LED; yanayin zafi mafi girma yana rage inganci da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na aminci na aiki. Yanayin gyarawa da aka ƙayyade shine tsarin igiyar ruwa ko sake kunnawa inda zafin jikin fakiti bai wuce 260°C ba na dakika 3, wanda aka auna 1/16 inch (kusan 1.6 mm) ƙasa da matakin wurin zama. Wannan jagora yana da mahimmanci don haɗawa don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakitin filastik ko haɗin waya na ciki.

3. Bayanin Tsari da Kunshewa

3.1 Girman Jiki da Gina

An bayyana na'urar a matsayin sandar haske mai siffar rectangle. Fakitin yana da fuskar launin toka da fararen sassa, wanda wataƙila yana haɓaka bambancewa ta hanyar samar da duhun bango ga sassan da aka haskaka. An ba da ainihin girmansu a cikin zane (wanda aka ambata a cikin takardar bayanai amma ba a cikakken bayani a cikin rubutun ba). Duk girmansu suna cikin millimeters, tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Matsakaicin jurewa na canjin ƙarshen fil shine ±0.4 mm, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da haɗaɗɗen kayan aiki.

3.2 Haɗin Fil da Da'irar Ciki

LTA-1000KR yana da tsarin fil 20. An ayyana fil a sarari: Fil 1 zuwa 10 sune anodes don sassa A zuwa K (lura: 'I' an tsallake, ta amfani da J da K). Fil 11 zuwa 20 sune cathodes masu dacewa a cikin juzu'i na baya (Cathode K zuwa Cathode A). Wannan tsari yana nuna salon haɗin cathode na gama gari ga kowane sashe, amma tare da samun dama ga duka anode da cathode na kowane LED. Wannan yana ba da matsakaicin sassauci don tsarin tuƙi mai yawa ko sarrafa sashe ɗaya. An ambaci zanen da'irar ciki, yawanci yana nuna abubuwa goma masu zaman kansu na LED.

4. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su

4.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

An ƙera wannan sandar haske don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar jerin masu nuna alama masu haske. Amfanin da za a iya amfani da shi ya haɗa da:

• Masu Nuna Matakin:Don ƙarfin siginar, ƙara, ma'auni, ko ma'aunin zafi inda tsayin haske ya dace da ƙima.
• Sandunan Ci Gaba:A cikin kayan aikin ma'auni ko na'urorin mabukaci don nuna matsayin kammalawa.
• Hasken Baya:Don panel ɗin da aka haskaka gefe ko alamar alama inda ake buƙatar hasken rectangle mai daidaito.
• Nunin Matsayin Masana'antu:A kan panel ɗin sarrafawa don nuna yanayin inji ko yanayin ƙararrawa a cikin tashoshi da yawa.

4.2 Ƙirar Da'ira da Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Tuƙi

Don sarrafa LTA-1000KR cikin aminci da inganci, dole ne a bi wasu ƙa'idodin ƙira:

1. Iyakancewar Ƙarfin Lantarki:LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na ƙarfin lantarki. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin tare da kowane sashe (ko da'irar tuƙi mai ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki) don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa ƙimar aminci, yawanci a ko ƙasa da ƙimar ci gaba na 25 mA. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don ƙididdige ƙarfin lantarki mafi muni).
2. Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da cewa ragewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa kowane sashe (70 mW matsakaici), jimlar don sassa goma na iya zama 700 mW. Isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko wasu hanyoyin zafin jiki na iya zama dole idan an tuƙi duk sassa a ci gaba da babban ƙarfin lantarki, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.
3. Haɗawa da Yawa:Samun dama na anode da cathode ɗaya ya sa na'urar ta dace da tsare-tsaren tuƙi masu yawa. Wannan yana rage adadin fil ɗin I/O na microcontroller da ake buƙata. Dole ne a kula don tabbatar da cewa kololuwar ƙarfin lantarki yayin bugun jini na haɗawa bai wuce ƙimar 90 mA ba, kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki akan lokaci yana mutunta ƙimar ci gaba.
4. Kariya daga Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:A cikin da'irori inda jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai yiwu, diodes na kariya na waje na iya zama dole, saboda ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya na LED kanta shine 5V kawai.

4.3 Haɗawa da Gudanarwa

Bin bayanin gyarawa (260°C matsakaici na dakika 3) wajibi ne don hana fashewar fakiti ko rabuwa. Yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) yayin gudanarwa da haɗawa, saboda guntuwar LED tana da hankali ga lantarki. Ajiya ya kamata ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafi da ɗanɗano don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin sake gyarawa.

5. Binciken Aiki da Kwatancen Fasaha

5.1 Binciken Ma'auni Mafi Muhimmanci

Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP wani muhimmin abu ne. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) ja LEDs, AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske, yana haifar da mafi girman haske don ƙarfin tuƙi iri ɗaya. Substrate na GaAs mara bayyana yana taimakawa wajen jagorantar haske zuwa sama, yana inganta fitowar haske mai amfani daga saman saman. Ƙayyadaddun matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na 2:1 shine matakin daidaitaccen matsayi don irin waɗannan nuni, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani mai karɓuwa. Masu ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin daidaito suna buƙatar aiwatar da daidaita lantarki ko zaɓar sassan da aka yi amfani da su idan akwai.

5.2 Kwatanta da Madadin Magani

Idan aka kwatanta da tarin LEDs daban-daban, wannan sandar haske mai haɗaka tana ba da mafi daidaitaccen magani mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da sauƙaƙan haɗawa (abu ɗaya vs. goma). Idan aka kwatanta da nunin fluorescent na vacuum ko electroluminescent, LEDs suna ba da tsawon rai mai tsayi, ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na aiki, kuma babu haɗarin ɗigon iskar gas ko lalacewar phosphor. Babban ciniki zai iya zama kusurwar kallo da takamaiman wurin launi, wanda aka gyara a cikin bakan ja mai zurfi don wannan samfurin.

6. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙi duk sassa goma a 25 mA lokaci ɗaya?

A: Ee, a lantarki zaku iya, saboda kowane sashe yana da zaman kansa. Koyaya, dole ne ku yi la'akari da jimlar ragewar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 700 mW) kuma ku tabbatar cewa PCB da yanayin muhalli na iya ɗaukar sakamakon zafi don kiyaye aminci, musamman kusa da iyakar zafi.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman kololuwa da tsayin raƙuman da ya fi rinjaye?

A: Tsayin raƙuman kololuwa (λp=639nm) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda bakan fitarwa yana da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Tsayin raƙuman da ya fi rinjaye (λd=631nm) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam. Bambancin ya samo asali ne daga siffar bakan fitarwa na LED.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara bayanin "An auna ƙarfin haske tare da... CIE eye-response curve"?

A: Wannan bayanin yana tabbatar da cewa ƙimar ƙarfi (a cikin microcandelas, μcd) raka'a ne na photometric, wanda aka auna ta daidaitaccen lanƙwasa na hankali na gani na ɗan adam (wanda ya dace da hasken rana). Wannan yana sa lambobin su zama masu ma'ana don hasashen hasken da ake gani, sabanin raka'a na radiometric (watts) waɗanda ke auna jimillar ƙarfin haske ba tare da la'akari da launi ba.

Q: Fil ɗin yana nuna anodes da cathodes daban-daban. Zan iya haɗa shi azaman nuni na anode gama gari ko cathode gama gari?

A: Fil ɗin jiki an gyara shi. Don kwaikwayi nunin cathode gama gari, za ku haɗa duk fil ɗin cathode (11-20) tare a kan PCB ɗinku. Don kwaikwayi nunin anode gama gari, za ku haɗa duk fil ɗin anode (1-10) tare. Tsarin da aka bayar yana ba da sassauci don aiwatar da ko ɗaya a cikin kayan aiki.

7. Nazarin Ƙirar da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar Mai Nuna Matakin Caji na Baturi

Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar caja don baturin kayan aiki. Suna son sandar zane mai sassa 10 don nuna matakin caji daga 0% zuwa 100%. An zaɓi LTA-1000KR saboda launinta ja mai haske da siffar sashe mai siffar rectangle, wanda ke da sauƙin karantawa.

Aiwatarwa:Microcontroller na tsarin yana da ƙayyadaddun fil ɗin I/O. Mai ƙira yana amfani da tsarin haɗawa. Sun haɗa anodes goma (fil 1-10) zuwa fil ɗin microcontroller goma ɗaya waɗanda aka saita azaman fitarwa. Sun haɗa cathodes goma (fil 11-20) tare kuma suna zubar da wannan gama gari ta hanyar MOSFET ɗin N-channel guda ɗaya wanda wani fil ɗin microcontroller ke sarrafa shi. Don haskaka wani sashe, ana saita fil ɗin anode ɗin da ya dace sama (ta hanyar resistor mai iyakancewa), kuma ana kunna MOSFET na cathode gama gari. Microcontroller yana saurin zagayawa ta kowane sashe (misali, 1ms kowane sashe). Ana saita kololuwar ƙarfin lantarki kowane sashe zuwa 20 mA ta hanyar lissafin resistor: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.020A = 120 Ohms (yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen 120Ω ko 150Ω). Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki kowane sashe shine 2 mA (20 mA * 1/10 aikin aiki), yana cikin ƙimar ci gaba sosai. Nunin yana bayyana daidai haske saboda dagewar gani. Ana sauƙaƙe daidaita haske a cikin software ta hanyar bambanta aikin aiki na haɗawa.

8. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Fasaha

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi. A cikin kayan kamar AlInGaP, ana sakin wannan makamashi da farko a matsayin photons (haske) maimakon zafi. Takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, wanda aka ƙera yayin tsarin girma na crystal ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na aluminium, indium, gallium, da phosphorus. Substrate mara bayyana yana ɗaukar hasken da aka fitar ƙasa, yana inganta jimillar inganci ta hanyar rage asarar ciki da ƙarfafa haske don fita daga saman saman guntu. Fuskar launin toka da fararen sassa na fakiti suna aiki azaman mai nuni da mai watsawa, bi da bi, don ƙirƙirar bayyanar rectangle mai daidaito daga guntuwar LED daban-daban da aka ɗora a ƙasa.

9. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

LTA-1000KR tana wakiltar fasahar nunin LED mai girma. Babban trend na masana'antu ya kasance zuwa ga mafi inganci da haɗakarwa mafi girma. Duk da yake sandunan haske na LED daban-daban kamar wannan suna da mahimmanci don takamaiman sifofin siffofi, sabbin fasahohi suna fitowa. Tsarin LED na Surface-mount device (SMD) yana ba da ƙananan sawun ƙafa kuma ya fi dacewa da haɗaɗɗen kayan aikin zaɓi da wuri. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban LED na Organic (OLEDs) da micro-LEDs suna ba da damar cikakken adireshi, sassauci, da nunin ƙuduri mai girma. Koyaya, don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sauƙi, ƙarfi, masu nuna alama masu haske a cikin takamaiman tsarin sandar, arrays na LED marasa inorganic kamar na tushen AlInGaP LTA-1000KR suna ci gaba da ba da madaidaicin ma'auni na aiki, aminci, da farashi. Ƙaura zuwa kunshewa marasa gubar, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan na'urar, yana nuna sauyin masana'antu gaba ɗaya zuwa hanyoyin samar da muhalli mai dorewa wanda ƙa'idodin duniya kamar RoHS da REACH suka motsa.