Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayani Kan Samfurin
- 1.1 Bayani Gabaɗaya
- 1.2 Fasaloli
- 1.3 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi Na Sigogin Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Lantarki / Haske (Ts=25°C)
- 2.2 Matsakaicin Matsayin Da Ya Kamata A Kiyaye
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rabe-Rabe
- 3.1 Rabe-Raben Wutar Gaba da Haske (IF=350mA)
- 4. Nazarin Makamantan Ayyuka
- 4.1 Wutar Gaba vs. Halin Gaba
- 4.2 Halin Gaba vs. Girman Haske
- 4.3 Zazzabi vs. Girman Haske
- 4.4 Zazzabin Ts vs. Rage Halin Gaba
- 4.5 Zane na Radiyoyi (Kusurwar Gani)
- 4.6 Rarraba Spectrum
- 5. Bayani Na Mechanical Da Na Marufi
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- 5.2 Girman Kaset da Reel
- 5.3 Bayani Akan Lakabin
- 6. Jagororin Siyarwa Da Haɗi
- 6.1 Tsarin Siyarwa na SMT Reflow
- 6.2 Kariya A Lokacin Amfani
- 7. Bayani Na Marufi Da Oda
- 8. Shawarwari Na Aikace-Aikace
- 8.1 Misalan Amfani Na Yau Da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan La'akari Na Zane
- 9. Kwatanta Fasaha
- 10. Tambayoyin Da Aka Yi Yawanci
- 11. Misalin Aikace-Aikace Mai Aiki
- 12. Ka'idojin Aiki
- 13. Yanayin Fasaha
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayani Kan Samfurin
Refond RF-AL-C3535L2K1**-H4 wani LED ne mai karfin haske wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen haske na gaba daya. An yi shi ta amfani da guntun shudi da aka hada da phosphor don samar da haske fari. Girman fakitin LED shine 3.45mm x 3.45mm x 2.20mm, yana sa ya dace da na'urorin haske masu karami.
1.1 Bayani Gabaɗaya
Wannan LED yana amfani da fakitin ceramic wanda ke ba da kula da zafi mai kyau da kuma dogaro mai girma. Yana da kusurwar gani na digiri 120, yana sa ya dace da haskaka wurare masu fadi. Bangaren ya dace da duk hanyoyin haɗin SMT da na siyarwa kuma ana ba da shi akan kaset da reel don samar da kai tsaye. Ya dace da RoHS, yana biyan ka'idojin muhalli.
1.2 Fasaloli
- Fakitin ceramic don kawar da zafi mai kyau
- Kusurwar gani 120°
- Dogaro mai girma
- Ya dace da duk aikin haɗin SMT da tsarin siyarwa
- Ana samuwa akan kaset da reel (1000 pieces/reel)
- Ya dace da RoHS
1.3 Aikace-aikace
An tsara LED don aikace-aikacen haske da yawa ciki har da:
- Fitilun gargadi, fitilun haske, fitilun bango, fitilun tabo, fitilun titi
- Hasken shuka, hasken shimfida, hasken hotuna na mataki
- Otoci, kasuwanni, ofisoshi, gidaje da sauran amfani na cikin gida
- Amfani gabaɗaya
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi Na Sigogin Fasaha
2.1 Halayen Lantarki / Haske (Ts=25°C)
Duk aunawa ana yin su ne a ƙarƙashin yanayin daidaitacce na Refond a zazzabin siyarwa na 25°C. Ana auna wutar gaba (VF) a IF=350mA kuma tana daga 2.6V (min) zuwa 3.4V (max), tare da dabi'u na yau da kullun ya danganta da bin. Haske mai haske ya bambanta da lambar samfurin:
- RF-AL-C3535L2K127-H4: 140-170 lm @ 350mA, 260-320 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K130-H4: 150-180 lm @ 350mA, 280-340 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K135-H4: 160-190 lm @ 350mA, 300-360 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K140-H4: 160-190 lm @ 350mA, 300-360 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K145-H4: 160-190 lm @ 350mA, 300-360 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K150-H4: 160-190 lm @ 350mA, 300-360 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K157-H4: 160-190 lm @ 350mA, 300-360 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K160-H4: 160-190 lm @ 350mA, 300-360 lm @ 700mA
- RF-AL-C3535L2K165-H4: 150-180 lm @ 350mA, 280-340 lm @ 700mA
Zazzabin launi mai alaka (CCT) ga kowane samfuri ya dace da lambobi biyu na ƙarshe na lambar sashi: 27=2700K, 30=3000K, 35=3500K, 40=4000K, 45=4500K, 50=5000K, 57=5700K, 60=6000K, 65=6500K. Ma'aunin nuna launi (Ra) shine mafi ƙarancin 80 a IF=350mA. Halin juyawa bai wuce 10 μA a VR=5V ba. Kusurwar gani digiri 120 ne. Juriya na zafi (haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin siyarwa) yawanci 1.90°C/W ne a IF=700mA da Ta=25°C.
2.2 Matsakaicin Matsayin Da Ya Kamata A Kiyaye
Dole ne a kiyaye matsakaicin matsayin da ba zai taɓa wucewa ba a kowane yanayi:
- Rushewar Wutar (PD): 6800 mW
- Halin Gaba (IF): 2000 mA
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (IFP): 3000 mA (1/10 aiki na kammala, 0.1ms faɗin bugun jini)
- Wutar Juyawa (VR): 5 V
- Rashin Lantarki Mai Tsauri (HBM): 2000 V
- Zazzabin Aiki (TOPR): -40°C zuwa +85°C
- Zazzabin Ajiya (TOPR): -40°C zuwa +85°C
- Zazzabin Haɗin Gwiwa (TJ): 125°C
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rabe-Rabe
3.1 Rabe-Raben Wutar Gaba da Haske (IF=350mA)
Ana raba LED zuwa bins don wutar gaba da haske mai haske don tabbatar da daidaito. Bins na wutar lantarki: F0 (2.6-2.8V), G0 (2.8-3.0V), H0 (3.0-3.2V), I0 (3.2-3.4V). Bins na haske: FC6 (140-150 lm), FC7 (150-160 lm), FC8 (160-170 lm), FC9 (170-180 lm), FD1 (180-190 lm). An ayyana haɗin gwiwar chromaticity ga kowane yankin CCT a cikin sararin launi na CIE 1931, tare da yankuna da yawa (misali, 27A, 27B, 27C, 27D don 2700K). An ba da teburin haɗin gwiwar daki-daki a cikin bayanin.
4. Nazarin Makamantan Ayyuka
4.1 Wutar Gaba vs. Halin Gaba
Hoto 1-6 yana nuna alaƙar kusan layi: a wutar gaba 2.6V, halin yanzu kusan 200mA ne, yana ƙaruwa zuwa kusan 1600mA a 3.3V. Wannan madaidaicin yana taimaka wa masu zane su saita madaidaicin iyakance halin yanzu.
4.2 Halin Gaba vs. Girman Haske
Hoto 1-7 yana nuna cewa girman haske yana ƙaruwa da layi tare da halin gaba har zuwa kusan 1000mA, sannan ya fara cika. A 1600mA, girman haske ya kai kimanin sau 3.5 na girman haske a 350mA.
4.3 Zazzabi vs. Girman Haske
Hoto 1-8 yana nuna cewa yayin da zazzabin wurin siyarwa (Ts) ya ƙaru daga 25°C zuwa 125°C, girman haske yana raguwa da layi zuwa kusan 0.85 a 125°C. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin sarrafa zafi.
4.4 Zazzabin Ts vs. Rage Halin Gaba
Hoto 1-9 yana ba da madaidaicin rage: a Ts=25°C, matsakaicin halin gaba shine 1600mA; a Ts=85°C, yana raguwa zuwa kusan 600mA. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa zazzabin haɗin gwiwa bai wuce 125°C ba.
4.5 Zane na Radiyoyi (Kusurwar Gani)
Hoto 1-10 yana nuna tsarin radiyoyi. Girman haske yana da matsakaici a 0° kuma yana raguwa zuwa 50% a kusan ±60°, wanda ya dace da kusurwar gani 120°.
4.6 Rarraba Spectrum
Hoto 1-11 yana nuna girman fitarwa da tsayin igiyar ruwa don 4000K da 5000K CCT a Ra80. Tsarin haske yana kewaye da 450nm (shudi) tare da fitarwa mai fadi na phosphor daga 500nm zuwa 700nm.
5. Bayani Na Mechanical Da Na Marufi
5.1 Girman Fakitin
Fakitin LED shine 3.45mm x 3.45mm x 2.20mm. Hoto na sama yana nuna yanki mai fitarwa na tsakiya tare da pads biyu na anode/cathode. Hoto na ƙasa yana nuna pad na zafi (girma 3.30mm x 3.30mm) da alamar polarity (karamin da'ira kusa da fil 1). Tsarin siyarwa (Hoto 1-5) yana ba da shawarar pad na 3.50mm x 3.40mm tare da pad na zafi na tsakiya mai faɗi 1.30mm. Duk girman suna cikin millimita tare da juriya ±0.2mm sai dai in an ambata.
5.2 Girman Kaset da Reel
Kaset yana da faɗi 12.0mm, tazarar aljihu 4.0mm, da zurfin bangaren 3.9mm. Reel yana da diamita 178mm da faɗi 14.0mm. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 1000. Marufi ya haɗa da jakar hana danshi da desiccant.
5.3 Bayani Akan Lakabin
Lakabin ya haɗa da Lambar Sashi, Lambar Spec, Lambar Lot, Lambar Bin (ciki har da bin haske da bin chromaticity XY), bin Wutar Gaba, Yawa, da Kwanan wata. Girman akwatin kwali daidai ne don jigilar kaya.
6. Jagororin Siyarwa Da Haɗi
6.1 Tsarin Siyarwa na SMT Reflow
Tsarin reflow da aka ba da shawara (Hoto 3-1) ya bayyana: matsakaicin ƙimar hawan ≤3°C/s, preheat daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120, lokacin sama da 217°C (TL) har zuwa daƙiƙa 60, matsakaicin zazzabi 260°C tare da matsakaicin lokaci (tp) na daƙiƙa 10 a cikin 5°C na matsakaicin. Ƙimar sanyaya ≤6°C/s. Jimlar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa matsakaicin bai kamata ya wuce mintuna 8 ba. Siyarwa ta reflow bai kamata ta wuce sau biyu ba. Idan ana buƙatar siyarwa da hannu, yi amfani da zazzabin ƙarfe<300°C na ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3, sau ɗaya kawai.
6.2 Kariya A Lokacin Amfani
- Abin da ke ɗaure LED shine silicone, wanda yake da laushi. Ka guji danna saman. Yi amfani da nozzles masu ɗauka da ƙarfin da ya dace.
- Kar a saka a kan PCBs marasa daidaituwa. Bayan siyarwa, kar a karkatar da allon.
- Ka guji danniya na inji ko sanyaya da sauri bayan siyarwa.
- Yanayin aiki dole ne ya kasance da abun sulfur kasa da 100PPM a cikin kayan haɗi. Abun Bromine guda ɗaya<900PPM, abun Chlorine guda ɗaya<900PPM, jimlar Bromine+Chlorine<1500PPM a cikin kayan waje.
- VOCs daga kayan kayan aiki na iya canza launin silicone; ka guji adhesives masu fitar da gas.
- Ka riƙe sassa ta gefen gefe ta amfani da forceps ko kayan aikin da suka dace; kar a taɓa ruwan silicone kai tsaye.
- Koyaushe ka haɗa resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu a cikin kewaye. Wutar juyawa na iya haifar da lalacewa.
- Zane na zafi yana da mahimmanci; tabbatar da zazzabin haɗin gwiwa bai wuce 125°C ba.
- Tsaftace ta amfani da isopropyl alcohol idan ya cancanta; ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic ba.
- Ajiya: kafin buɗe jakar aluminum, zazzabi ≤30°C, zafi<75% RH, cikin watanni 6. Bayan buɗewa, yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 168 a ≤30°C,<60% RH. Idan ya wuce, gasa a 60±5°C,<5% RH na awa 24.
- LEDs suna da hankali ga ESD da EOS; dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya masu dacewa.
7. Bayani Na Marufi Da Oda
Marufi na yau da kullun shine guda 1000 a kowane reel. Kaset yana da jagora da trailer na aljihu marasa amfani 100. Ana amfani da jakar hana danshi tare da desiccant. Ana gano samfurin ta lambar sashi mai lambobi 16 (RF-AL-C3535L2K1**-H4), inda lambobi biyu na ƙarshe ke nuna bin CCT. Lakabin bin ya haɗa da bin VF da bin chromaticity. Girman akwatin kwali daidai ne don jigilar reels da yawa.
8. Shawarwari Na Aikace-Aikace
8.1 Misalan Amfani Na Yau Da Kullun
Wannan LED ya dace da fitilun gargadi, fitilun haske, fitilun bango, fitilun tabo, fitilun titi, hasken shuka, hasken shimfida, hasken hotuna na mataki, da hasken cikin gida na gaba daya a otoci, kasuwanni, ofisoshi, da gidaje. Haske mai yawa (har zuwa 190 lm a 350mA) da kusurwar gani mai fadi sun sa ya zama mai amfani.
8.2 Abubuwan La'akari Na Zane
Lokacin zana kewayawa, tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu ta kowane LED bai wuce matsakaicin matsayin da aka yarda ba. Yi amfani da sarrafa zafi mai dacewa (ƙarfe mai cire zafi) don kiyaye zazzabin haɗin gwiwa a kasa da 125°C. Dole ne a siyar da pad na zafi a ƙasa zuwa ƙasar zafi na PCB tare da isasshen yankin jan ƙarfe. Don tsararrun layi daya, yi la'akari da resistors masu raba halin yanzu. Don jerin haɗin gwiwa, tabbatar da cewa jimlar wutar bai wuce ƙarfin direba ba. Saboda LED yana da ƙananan juriya na zafi (1.9°C/W), zane na zafi na PCB mai kyau yana da mahimmanci.
9. Kwatanta Fasaha
Idan aka kwatanta da fakitin PLCC na yau da kullun, fakitin ceramic na C3535 yana ba da ƙananan juriya na zafi da dogaro mafi girma, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen halin yanzu mai girma har zuwa 2A. Kusurwar gani 120° ya fi fadi fiye da matsakaicin LEDs masu matsakaicin ƙarfi (yawanci 120°-140°) kuma ya fi kunkuntar fiye da wasu fakitin guntu. CRI na 80 ya dace da yawancin buƙatun haske na gaba ɗaya. Samun bins na CCT da yawa (2700K-6500K) yana ba da sassauci don buƙatun yanayi daban-daban.
10. Tambayoyin Da Aka Yi Yawanci
Tambaya: Menene matsakaicin halin yanzu a zazzabin wurin siyarwa na 85°C?
Amsa: Daga madaidaicin rage (Hoto 1-9), a Ts=85°C matsakaicin halin gaba kusan 600mA ne.
Tambaya: Zan iya tafiyar da wannan LED a 700mA akai-akai?
Amsa: Ee, ana ba da haske na yau da kullun a 700mA a cikin tebur. Koyaya, tabbatar da cewa zazzabin haɗin gwiwa bai wuce 125°C ba ta hanyar samar da isasshen cire zafi.
Tambaya: Yaya zan ajiye LEDs bayan buɗe jakar hana danshi?
Amsa: Ajiye a ≤30°C da<60% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 168. Idan ya wuce, gasa a 60±5°C na awa 24.
Tambaya: Menene kusurwar gani na yau da kullun?
Amsa: Kusurwar gani digiri 120 ne (rabin kusurwa ±60° a 50% haske).
Tambaya: Shin LED yana buƙatar diode na kariya daga wutar juyawa?
Amsa: Ee, wutar juyawa sama da 5V na iya lalata LED. Koyaushe tabbatar da cewa kewayan tuki baya saka wutar juyawa.
11. Misalin Aikace-Aikace Mai Aiki
Yi la'akari da zane na fitilar haske ta amfani da LEDs 10 a jere. A IF=350mA, kowane LED yana yin sauke kusan 3.0V (yawanci), don haka jimlar wutar gaba shine 30V. Yi amfani da direba mai akai-akai na halin yanzu mai daraja 350mA da fitarwa 30-40V. Sarrafa zafi: kowane LED yana tarwatsa kusan 1.05W (3.0V*0.35A). Tare da juriya na zafi 1.9°C/W, haɓakar zazzabin haɗin gwiwa sama da wurin siyarwa kusan 2°C ne. Idan zazzabin muhalli shine 25°C, ana iya kiyaye zazzabin wurin siyarwa ƙasa da kyau tare da kyakkyawan cire zafi, yana tabbatar da tsawon rai.
12. Ka'idojin Aiki
LED fari yana amfani da guntun InGaN mai fitar da shudi wanda aka rufe da phosphor rawaya (yawanci YAG:Ce). Hasken shudi yana tada phosphor, wanda ke fitar da haske rawaya. Haɗin shudi da rawaya yana bayyana fari. Ana sarrafa CCT daidai ta hanyar abun da phosphor da kauri. An saka guntun LED a kan tushe na ceramic tare da pads na ƙarfe don haɗin lantarki da zafi. Ruwan silicone yana rufe guntu da phosphor, yana ba da kariya da cire haske.
13. Yanayin Fasaha
Yanayin masana'antu don LEDs masu ƙarfi yana motsawa zuwa fakitin ceramic tare da ƙananan juriya na zafi don tallafawa mafi girman halin yanzu da ƙananan sawu. Fakitin C3535 shine daidaitaccen girman (3.45mm x 3.45mm) wanda ke daidaita fitarwa da aikin zafi.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |