Bayanin Fasaha na LED na Jerin 67-21 - Kunshin P-LCC-2 - 1.75-2.35V - 25mA - Ja/Orange/Kore/Shudi/Rawa - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Jerin 67-21 yana wakiltar iyali na LED na Top View da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen nuni na gaba ɗaya da hasken baya. Waɗannan sassan ana ajiye su a cikin kunshin P-LCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) mai ƙarami tare da jiki fari da taga mai tsabta mara launi. An inganta wannan ƙira don samar da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi, wanda ya sa LED ɗin su dace musamman don aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar ganin haske daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, kamar a cikin bututun haske. Jerin yana samuwa a cikin launuka masu fitarwa da yawa, ciki har da orange mai laushi, kore, shuɗi, da rawaya, tare da takamaiman samfurin a cikin wannan takardar bayanin shine bambancin ja mai haske wanda ya dogara da kayan AlGaInP chip. Babban fa'idar wannan jerin shine ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don kayan aikin hannu masu amfani da baturi ko masu hankali ga wutar lantarki.

1.1 Fasali da Fa'idodi na Asali

Fasali na farko na jerin LED na 67-21 suna ba da gudummawa ga yawan amfani da sauƙin amfani da su a cikin masana'antar lantarki na zamani. Kunshin P-LCC-2 na saman-mount yana sauƙaƙa sanyawa ta atomatik ta amfani da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa na yau da kullun, yana haɓaka ingancin haɗawa da daidaito sosai. An tsara kunshin tare da inter-reflector wanda ke inganta haɗin haske da fitarwa, yana haɓaka haske da daidaito. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan LED ɗin an gina su tare da abun da ke ciki mara gubar (lead-free) kuma suna bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari), suna cika ka'idojin muhalli da ƙa'idodi na zamani. Dacewarsu da hanyoyin gudanar da gudanarwa daban-daban, ciki har da reflow na vapor-phase, infrared reflow, da gudanar da igiyar ruwa, yana ba da sassauci a cikin saitin layin samarwa. Ana ba da abubuwan akan tef 8mm da reel, wanda shine ma'auni don layukan haɗawa ta atomatik, yana tabbatar da sarrafa su da ciyarwa mai sauƙi yayin samarwa.

1.2 Aikace-aikace da Kasuwanni da Ake Nufi

Jerin LED na 67-21 suna samun amfani a cikin fa'idodi masu yawa saboda ingantaccen aikin su da ƙirar siffa mai ƙarami. Kasuwa ta farko ita ce sadarwa, inda suke aiki azaman alamomin matsayi da hasken baya don maɓallai ko nunawa a cikin na'urori kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks. Hakanan ana amfani da su akai-akai don hasken baya na LCDs da kuma haskaka maɓallai da alamomi akan allunan sarrafawa. Faɗin kusurwar kallonsu da ingantaccen haɗin haske sun sa su zama zaɓi mafi kyau don aikace-aikacen bututun haske, inda ake buƙatar jagorantar haske daga LED zuwa wurin da ake iya gani a waje na na'urar. A ƙarshe, yanayinsu na gabaɗaya ya sa su dace da ɗimbin sauran ayyukan nuni a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, sarrafa masana'antu, cikin motoci, da kayan aikin gida.

2. Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassara, haƙiƙa na mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanin. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙimomi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai da tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar LED na dindindin na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ba yanayi ba ne don aiki na yau da kullun. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) shine 5V, yana nuna LED zai iya jure ɗan gajeren karkatar da baya har zuwa wannan matakin. Matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba (I_F) shine 25 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, ana ba da izinin ƙarfin ƙarfin gaba (I_FP) na 60 mA a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 a 1 kHz. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (P_d) shine 60 mW, wanda aka lissafta daga ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da na yanzu. Na'urar na iya ɗaukar fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD) na 2000V bisa ga Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM), wanda shine matakin ma'auni don sarrafa kayan aiki na asali. Kewayon zafin aiki (T_opr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C ne, kuma zafin ajiya (T_stg) ya faɗaɗa ɗan kaɗan zuwa -40°C zuwa +90°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

Ana auna Halayen Lantarki-Gani a daidaitan yanayin gwaji na 25°C zafin yanayi da ƙarfin gaba na 10 mA. Don bambancin ja mai haske, ƙarfin haske (I_v) yana da ƙima ta yau da kullun, tare da mafi ƙarancin 36 mcd da matsakaicin 90 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa, yana da faɗin digiri 120. Tsayin tsayin tsayi (λ_p) yawanci 632 nm ne, yayin da tsayin tsayi mai rinjaye (λ_d) ya kewayo daga 621 nm zuwa 631 nm. Faɗin bakan (Δλ) yawanci 20 nm ne. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) a 10 mA ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 1.75V zuwa matsakaicin 2.35V, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun da aka nuna a cikin wannan kewayon. An tabbatar da ƙarfin baya (I_R) zai zama 10 μA ko ƙasa da haka lokacin da aka yi amfani da karkatar da baya na 5V.

2.3 Halayen Zafi da Gudanarwa

Ana magance sarrafa zafi a kaikaice ta hanyar lanƙwasa ƙarfin gaba, wanda ke nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba yayin da zafin yanayi ya karu sama da 25°C. Takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade bayanan zafin gudanarwa don hana lalacewar zafi yayin haɗawa. Don gudanar da reflow, LED zai iya jure matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10. Don gudanar da hannu, zafin 350°C a ƙarshen ƙarfe yana izini har zuwa dakika 3. Yin bin waɗannan jagororin yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin kunshin filastik da haɗin waya na ciki.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman ma'auni. Jerin 67-21 yana amfani da tsarin binning don ƙarfin haske, tsayin tsayi mai rinjaye, da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.

3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Hasken

Ƙarfin haske an haɗa shi zuwa kwandon shara da yawa waɗanda aka gano su da lambobi kamar N2, P1, P2, da Q1. Kowane kwandon shara yana ayyana takamaiman kewayon ƙimar ƙarfi mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaici wanda aka auna a millicandelas (mcd) a 10 mA. Misali, kwandon shara Q1 ya ƙunshi ƙarfi daga 72 mcd zuwa 90 mcd. Masu zane-zane na iya zaɓar takamaiman lambar kwandon shara don tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin matakin haske don aikace-aikacen su.

3.2 Binning Tsayin Tsayi Mai Rinjaye

Tsayin tsayi mai rinjaye, wanda ke da alaƙa da launin da ake gani, shima ana bin shi. Kwandon shara, kamar FF1 da FF2, suna ayyana ƙaƙƙarfan kewayon a cikin nanometers (nm). Misali, kwandon shara FF1 ya ƙunshi tsayin tsayi daga 621 nm zuwa 626 nm, kuma FF2 ya ƙunshi 626 nm zuwa 631 nm. Wannan yana ba da damar daidaita launi daidai gwargwado a cikin LED ɗin da yawa a cikin samfur ɗaya, wanda yake da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya.

3.3 Binning Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

An rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu lakabin 0, 1, da 2 a ƙarƙashin babban rukuni 'B'. Rukuni na 0 ya ƙunshi 1.75V zuwa 1.95V, Rukuni na 1 ya ƙunshi 1.95V zuwa 2.15V, kuma Rukuni na 2 ya ƙunshi 2.15V zuwa 2.35V. Sanin kwandon shara na ƙarfin lantarki na iya zama mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance wutar lantarki, musamman a cikin na'urori masu amfani da baturi inda kowane millivolt yake ƙidaya.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin ta ƙunshi lanƙwasa halaye da yawa na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa fitar da haske ba ya daidai daidai da wutar lantarki. Yana ƙaruwa da sauri a ƙananan wutar lantarki amma yana karkata zuwa jikewa a manyan wutar lantarki. Wannan rashin layi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) dimming, inda matsakaicin wutar lantarki ke sarrafa haske.

4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba & Rage Ƙarfin Gaba

Lanƙwasa V-I yana nuna alaƙar diode mai ma'ana. Lanƙwasa rage ƙima yana da mahimmanci ga aminci; yana ba da umarnin rage matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba da aka yarda yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi sama da 25°C don hana yin zafi da haɓakar lalacewa.

4.3 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Zafin Yanayi & Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwasa ƙarfi da zafin jiki yana nuna cewa fitar da haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, halayen mafi yawan LED. Taswirar rarraba bakan tana tabbatar da yanayin launi ɗaya na hasken, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da tsayin tsayin tsayi tare da ƙayyadadden faɗin bakan.

4.4 Zanen Radiation

Wannan zanen polar yana tabbatar da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120, yana nuna yadda ake rarraba ƙarfin haske a sarari. Tsarin yawanci Lambertian ne ko kusa da Lambertian don irin wannan kunshin.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin da Tolerances

Kunshin LED yana da takamaiman girma, gami da girman jiki, tazarar gubar, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Zanen yana nuna alamar ƙafar P-LCC-2 na yau da kullun. Sai dai in an faɗi akasin haka, ƙimar girma shine ±0.1 mm, wanda shine ma'auni don abubuwan filastik da aka yi. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama akan kunshin ko takamaiman siffar gubar.

5.2 Bayanan Tef da Reel

Don haɗawa ta atomatik, ana ba da LED ɗin akan tef mai faɗin 8mm wanda aka nannade a kan reels. Takardar bayanin tana ba da cikakkun bayanai don aljihun mai ɗaukar kaya, fil, da cibiyar reel. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. Daidaitattun girma na reel suna da mahimmanci don dacewa da tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik akan injunan sanyawa.

5.3 Kunshin Mai Hankali da Danshi

An kunna abubuwan a cikin jakar aluminum mai hana danshi tare da desiccant a ciki. An haɗa katin nuna danshi (HIC) don nuna idan danshin cikin jakar ya wuce matakan aminci. Wannan kunshin yana da mahimmanci don hana \"popcorning\" ko rabuwa yayin tsarin gudanar da reflow mai zafi, wanda zai iya faruwa idan kunshin filastik ya sha danshi.

6. Jagororin Gudanarwa da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa da gudanarwa yana da mahimmanci ga yawan amfanin ƙasa da aminci. LED ɗin sun dace da hanyoyin gudanar da vapor-phase, infrared reflow, da igiyar ruwa. Dole ne a bi takamaiman bayanan reflow tare da kololuwar 260°C na dakika 10. Don gudanar da hannu, ƙarfe mai sarrafawa a 350°C ya kamata ya taɓa gubar ba fiye da dakika 3 ba. Ya kamata a adana abubuwan a cikin jakunkun su na asali na hana danshi har sai an yi amfani da su. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, idan mai nuna danshi ya nuna gargadi, ya kamata a gasa sassan bisa ga ka'idojin IPC/JEDEC na yau da kullun kafin gudanarwa.

7. Gwajin Dogaro

Takardar bayanin ta jera cikakken jerin gwaje-gwajen dogaro da aka yi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da LTPD (Lot Tolerance Percent Defective) na 10%. Gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da juriyar gudanar da reflow, zagayowar zafin jiki (-40°C zuwa +100°C), girgizar zafi, ajiyar zafi mai girma da ƙasa, rayuwar aikin DC a babban wutar lantarki (20mA), da gwajin zafi mai girma/danshi mai girma (85°C/85% RH). Ana gudanar da kowane gwaji na takamaiman tsawon lokaci (misali, sa'o'i 1000) akan samfurin guda 22 tare da ba a yarda da gazawa ba (Ac/Re = 0/1). Wucewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yana nuna samfur mai ƙarfi wanda ya dace da aikace-aikace masu wahala.

8. Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'ira

Resistan mai iyakance wutar lantarki yana wajibi ne lokacin tuka LED daga tushen wutar lantarki. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) kamar R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F, inda V_F shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don ƙira mai aminci) kuma I_F shine ƙarfin gaba da ake so (kada ya wuce 25 mA DC). Misali, tare da samar da 5V da V_F na 2.35V a 20 mA, R = (5 - 2.35) / 0.02 = 132.5 Ω (yi amfani da ƙimar ma'auni 130 Ω ko 150 Ω). Don kariya daga ƙarfin lantarki na baya, musamman a cikin da'irori masu haɗawa da AC ko marasa ƙa'ida, ana iya yin la'akari da diode na kariya a layi daya, kodayake LED ɗin kansa zai iya jure har zuwa 5V a baya.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake LED ɗin kansa yana da ƙarancin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki, daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB na iya taimakawa wajen kawar da zafi. Tabbatar cewa fakitin gudanarwa da aka haɗa zuwa fakitin zafi na LED (idan akwai) ko gubar suna da isasshen yanki na tagulla don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi. Guji yin aiki a matsakaicin matsakaicin wutar lantarki da zafin jiki lokaci guda; duba lanƙwasa rage ƙima.

8.3 Haɗin Gani

Don aikace-aikacen bututun haske, ya kamata a sanya LED daidai a ƙarƙashin saman shigar da bututun. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar ƙarin haske cikin bututu. Yi la'akari da yuwuwar ɓarkewar haske kuma yi amfani da shinge mara kyau idan ya cancanta don hana magana tsakanin alamomin kusa. Taga mai tsabta, mara launi yana tabbatar da ƙarancin karkatar launi.

9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da mafi sauƙin LED ɗin radial-leaded, jerin 67-21 suna ba da babbar fa'ida ta fasahar saman-mount (SMT), yana ba da damar ƙarami, mafi sauƙi, da ƙarin haɗawa ta atomatik. Faɗin kusurwar kallonsa na digiri 120 ya fi yawancin LED ɗin SMT masu kunkuntar kusurwa, yana sa ya dace musamman don bututun haske da nuni mai faɗi. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (musamman a cikin ƙananan kwandon shara) yana da fa'ida don aikin baturi mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da wasu LED ɗin shuɗi ko fari waɗanda ke da mafi girma V_F. Cikakken tsarin binning yana ba da mafi kyawun daidaiton launi da haske fiye da LED ɗin gama gari marasa binning ko sako-sako da binning.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayin tsayi da tsayin tsayi mai rinjaye?

Tsayin tsayin tsayi (λ_p) shine tsayin tsayin da aka fi yawan rarraba ƙarfin bakan. Tsayin tsayi mai rinjaye (λ_d) shine tsayin tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya na hasken launi ɗaya wanda zai dace da launin da ake gani na LED. Don LED ɗin bakan mai kunkuntar kamar wannan ja, sau da yawa suna kusa sosai, amma λ_d ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

10.2 Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki ba?

A'a. LED na'ura ce mai tuka wutar lantarki. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen wutar lantarki zai haifar da wutar lantarki mai yawa, da sauri ya wuce matsakaicin matakin (25 mA) kuma ya lalata na'urar. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor na jerin ko direba mai ci gaba.

10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lakabin da ke kan reel ko jaka?

Lakabin ya haɗa da lambobi don CAT (Matsayi Ƙarfin Hasken), HUE (Matsayi Tsayin Tsayi Mai Rinjaye), da REF (Matsayi Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba). Waɗannan suna daidai kai tsaye da lambobin kwandon shara da aka zayyana a sashe na 3.1, 3.2, da 3.3. Misali, lakabin da ke nuna CAT: Q1, HUE: FF2, REF: 1 yana ƙayyadad da LED daga mafi girman kwandon shara mai haske (72-90 mcd), babban kwandon shara na tsayin tsayi (626-631 nm), da kwandon shara na tsakiya na ƙarfin lantarki (1.95-2.15V).

10.4 Shin wannan LED ya dace don amfani a waje?

Kewayon zafin aiki na -40°C zuwa +85°C ya ƙunshi mafi yawan yanayin waje. Duk da haka, ba a ƙayyade kunshin musamman don hana ruwa ko juriya mai girma na UV ba. Don fallasa kai tsaye a waje, za a buƙaci ƙarin kariyar muhalli (shafi na daidaitawa, rufaffiyar rufaffiyar) don karewa daga danshi, ƙura, da lalacewar hasken rana.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.Allon yana da gumaka da yawa (Wutar Lantarki, Intanet, Wi-Fi) waɗanda ake buƙatar haskakawa. Sarari yana da iyaka akan PCB. Jerin LED na 67-21 shine zaɓi mai kyau. Kunshinsa na SMT P-LCC-2 yana adana sarari idan aka kwatanta da LED ɗin ta hanyar rami. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana tabbatar da cewa gumakan suna bayyana a sarari daga kusurwoyi daban-daban a cikin ɗaki. An tsara bututun haske don kowane alama don jagorantar haske daga LED ɗin da aka ɗora akan babban PCB zuwa gaban allon. Mai zane ya zaɓi LED ɗin daga kwandon shara iri ɗaya na ƙarfi (misali, P2) da tsayin tsayi (misali, FF2) don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da launi a duk alamomin. Ana amfani da da'ira mai sauƙi tare da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki don kowane LED, wanda aka haɗa zuwa filin GPIO akan microcontroller na na'urar hanyar sadarwa don sarrafa kowane ɗayan. Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki (misali, 10 mA kowace LED) yana rage nauyin samar da wutar lantarki na tsarin.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan mahaɗin p-n, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. Jerin LED ja na 67-21 yana amfani da AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) chip, wanda shine tsarin kayan gama gari don samar da ja mai inganci, orange, da hasken rawaya. Kunshin filastik yana aiki don kare die na semiconductor mai rauni, samar da tsarin injiniya don gubar, da haɗa ruwan tabarau ko kumfa wanda ke siffanta fitar da hasken haske, wanda ke haifar da halayen kusurwar kallo mai faɗi.

13. Trends da Ci gaban Masana'antu

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi inganci, ƙananan kunshin, da mafi girman haɗin kai. Duk da yake jerin 67-21 suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma kuma abin dogaro, trends a cikin LED ɗin nuni sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙananan siffofi (misali, kunshin ma'auni na chip), mafi girman haske a ƙananan wutar lantarki, da kuma faɗaɗa karɓar LED ɗin launi da yawa (RGB) a cikin kunshin guda ɗaya don nuna launi mai ƙarfi. Hakanan ana ƙara mai da hankali kan ingantaccen daidaiton launi da ƙaƙƙarfan binning kai tsaye daga masana'anta don rage buƙatun daidaitawa ga masu amfani na ƙarshe. Bugu da ƙari, tuƙin dorewa yana tura don ƙarin rage amfani da kayan aiki da amfani da makamashi a duk tsawon rayuwar ɓangaren. Ka'idojin faɗin kusurwar kallo, ingantaccen aiki, da dacewa da haɗawa ta atomatik da aka gani a cikin jerin 67-21 sun kasance tushen waɗannan ci gaba.