Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Cikakken Bayyani
- 1.2 Muhimman Siffofi & Fa'idodi
- 1.3 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Parameter na Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani
- 2.2 Cikakkun Ma'auni na Ƙarshe
- 2.3 Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Lankwasa IV)
- 4. Bayanan Injiniya & Ƙunƙunshi
- 4.1 Girman Ƙunƙunshi & Zane-zane
- 4.2 Tantance Polarity & Tsarin Maƙalar Gudanarwa
- 5. Jagororin Gudanarwa & Tari
- 5.1 Bayanin Sake narkewa na SMT
- 5.2 Gudanarwa da Hannu & Sake Aiki
- 6. Marufi, Ajiya & Oda
- 6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Ƙunƙunshi
- 6.2 Shinge na Danshi & Ƙunƙunshi Bushe
- 7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace & La'akari da Ƙira
- 7.1 La'akari da Ƙira don Mafi Kyawun Aiki
- 7.2 Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance
- 8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
- 8.1 Menene bambancin tsakanin bambance-bambancen tsawon zango (365nm vs. 400nm)?
- 8.4 Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar Radiant Flux (mW) don aikace-aikacena?
- 8.3 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun?
- 9. Amincewa & Gwaji
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Wannan takardar tana cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun babban ƙarfin LED na Ultraviolet (UV) na Surface Mount Device (SMD). An ƙera samfurin don aikace-aikacen masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantacciyar aiki da ingantacciyar fitarwa a cikin bakan ultraviolet. Ginin tsakiyarsa yana amfani da ingantattun kayan don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da tsawon rai a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai wahala.
1.1 Cikakken Bayyani
LED yana da ƙaramin substrate na ceramic wanda aka haɗa shi da gilashin quartz don rufewa. Wannan haɗin kayan yana ba da ingantattun kaddarorin sarrafa zafin jiki daga ceramic da babban bayyanar UV da kuma karko daga quartz. Gabaɗayan girman kayan yana da tsayi na 6.6 mm, fadi na 6.6 mm, da tsayi na 3.85 mm, wanda ya sa ya dace da layukan taron kayan SMT na atomatik.
1.2 Muhimman Siffofi & Fa'idodi
- Mafi Girman Ƙunƙunshi:Substrate na ceramic don ingantaccen watsar zafi da gilashin quartz don mafi kyawun watsawar hasken UV da juriya ga muhalli.
- Fadi Kusurwar Dubawa:Kusurwar rabin ƙarfin digiri 120 tana ba da faɗaɗɗen rufewar haske, mai fa'ida don ƙarfafawa ko tsabtace waje.
- Dacewa da SMT:Ya cika dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa da sake narkewa na Surface Mount Technology.
- Kula da Aiki ta Atomatik:Ana kai shi akan tef da reel don dacewa da injin ɗaukar sanya da sauri.
- Hankali na Danshi:An ƙididdige shi zuwa Matakin Hankali na Danshi (MSL) 3, yana buƙatar gasa idan an fallasa shi fiye da sa'o'i 168 kafin sake narkewa.
- Bin Ka'idodin Muhalli:Samfurin ya bi ƙa'idodin RoHS (Ƙuntataccen Abubuwa Masu Hatsari).
1.3 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi
An ƙera wannan LED na UV don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da hasken ultraviolet don hanyoyin sinadarai ko tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:
- Ƙarfafawar UV:Ƙarfafawar mannewa, rufewa, da tawada nan take a cikin bugu, taruwar lantarki, da bugu na 3D.
- Ƙarfafawar Tawada na UV:Musamman don bushewa da haɗa tawada a cikin hanyoyin bugu na masana'antu.
- Tsabtace Ultraviolet:Ana amfani da shi a cikin kayan aiki don iska, ruwa, ko tsabtace saman, da niyya ga ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Amfani Gabaɗaya:Wasu aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen tushen UVA ko kusa da hasken UV.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Parameter na Fasaha
2.1 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani
An ƙayyade duk ma'auni a yanayin zafin maƙalar gudanarwa (Ts) na 25°C. An raba mahimman ma'auni na aiki zuwa lambobin samfur daban-daban dangane da takamaiman halaye.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ana auna shi a yanayin gudanar da halin yanzu na 1400 mA. Ana ba da samfurin a cikin rukunonin ƙarfin lantarki guda uku: B28 (6.4V zuwa 6.8V), B30 (6.8V zuwa 7.2V), da B32 (7.2V zuwa 7.6V). Wannan yana ba da damar yin la'akari da ƙira game da buƙatun wutar lantarki.
- Radiant Flux (Φe):Ƙarfin gani da ake fitarwa a cikin milliwatts (mW). Wannan shine babban ma'aunin ƙarfin hasken UV. Ana raba aikin zuwa nau'ikan flux guda uku (1B42, 1B43, 1B44) tare da ƙimar yau da kullun daga kusan 3550 mW zuwa sama da 7100 mW a 1400mA, dangane da takamaiman bambancin tsawon zango.
- Bambance-bambancen Tsawon Zango:Iyali na samfurin ya ƙunshi kewayon tsayin zango mai kololuwa da yawa: 365-370 nm, 380-390 nm, 390-400 nm, da 400-410 nm. Zaɓin ya dogara da hankalin mai farawa na hoto a aikace-aikacen ƙarfafawa ko kuma ingantaccen tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don tsabtacewa.
- Juriya na Thermal (RthJ-S):An ƙayyade juriya na zafi daga junction zuwa maƙalar gudanarwa a madaidaicin 4.5 °C/W. Wannan ƙaramin ƙima fa'ida ce kai tsaye na ƙunƙunshin ceramic, yana nuna ingantaccen canja wurin zafi daga guntu na LED zuwa allon da'ira.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin ɗigon halin yanzu shine 5 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da bias na baya na 10V.
2.2 Cikakkun Ma'auni na Ƙarshe
Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakan damuwa waɗanda a bayan su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Matsakaicin Watsar da Wutar Lantarki (PD):Watoci 15.2.
- Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):2000 mA, an yarda a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (faɗin bugun 0.1ms, cikakken aiki 1/10).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):Volts 10.
- Zubar da Tashin Hankali (ESD):Ya jure Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM) na 2000V. Ana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan tare da ESD yayin sarrafawa.
- Kewayon Zafin Jiki:
- Yanayin Aiki (TOPR): -40°C zuwa +80°C.
- Yanayin Ajiya (TSTG): -40°C zuwa +100°C.
- Matsakaicin Yanayin Junction (TJ): 105°C.
2.3 Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Samfurin yana amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin binning don tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki:
- Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Lambobin B28, B30, B32 suna ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya don rarraba halin yanzu daidai gwargwado a cikin jeri masu kama da juna.
- Binning na Radiant Flux (Φe):Lambobin 1B42, 1B43, 1B44 suna rarraba LED dangane da ƙarfin fitar da hasken gani. Wannan yana ba da damar haske mai haske a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.
- Binning Tsawon Zango:Lambar sashi na samfurin yana nuna babban kewayon tsawon zango (misali, 365-370nm). Wannan rarrabuwa daidai yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ake niyya ga takamaiman photoactions.
3. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki3.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Lankwasa IV)
Datasheet yana nuni da lankwasa halayen IV na al'ada. Don irin wannan babban ƙarfin LED na UV, ana sa ran lankwasa zai nuna alaƙar ma'auni a ƙananan ƙananan halin yanzu, yana jujjuya zuwa yanki mai kama da layi tare da juriya da yawa a yanayin aiki na yau da kullun na 1400mA. Gangarowa a wannan yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi na LED. Fahimtar wannan lankwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar masu tuƙin halin yanzu da suka dace don tabbatar da ingantacciyar fitarwa ta gani da hana guduwar thermal.
4. Bayanan Injiniya & Ƙunƙunshi
4.1 Girman Ƙunƙunshi & Zane-zane
An ƙayyade jigon injiniya da ƙafa mai girman 6.60 mm x 6.60 mm da tsayin gabaɗaya na 3.85 mm. Ƙunƙunshi ya haɗa da fakitin zafi a ƙasa don haɓaka mannewar gudanarwa da nutsar da zafi. Gilashin yana cibiyar da ke saman saman. Ƙimar girman girman duk fasalulluka gabaɗaya ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an faɗi haka.
4.2 Tantance Polarity & Tsarin Maƙalar Gudanarwa
An yiwa tashoshi na cathode (-) da anode (+) alama a sarari a ƙasan ƙunƙunshin. An ba da shirin maƙalar gudanarwa da aka ba da shawarar (Tsarin Ƙasa), yana nuna girmomin maƙallan lantarki guda biyu da babban maƙalar thermal na tsakiya. Bin wannan shawarwarin yana da mahimmanci don samun ingantattun haɗin lantarki, ƙara yawan aikin zafi, da kuma tabbatar da daidaitaccen jeri yayin sake narkewa.
5. Jagororin Gudanarwa & Tari
5.1 Bayanin Sake narkewa na SMT
Samfurin ya dace da hanyoyin sake narkewa na infrared ko convection. Dole ne a bi takamaiman bayanin yanayin zafi, yawanci ya haɗa da yankuna masu dumi, jiƙa thermal, sake narkewa, da sanyaya. Matsakaicin zafin gudanarwa bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdigewa ba don hana lalacewa ga mutuwar LED, haɗin gwiwa na ciki, ko gilashin quartz. Saboda ƙimar sa na MSL 3, buɗaɗɗen jakunkunan shinge na danshi suna buƙatar sassan da za'a gasa idan ba a yi amfani da su cikin sa'o'i 168 ba.
5.2 Gudanarwa da Hannu & Sake Aiki
Idan ana buƙatar gudanarwa da hannu ko sake yin aiki, dole ne a yi shi da kulawa sosai. Yakamata a yi amfani da baƙin ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafi tare da kiyaye zafin ƙarshen ƙasa yadda zai yiwu (ana ba da shawarar ƙasa da 350°C) kuma a rage lokacin tuntuɓar don hana girgizar zafi ga ɓangaren. Dole ne a guje wa tuntuɓar kai tsaye da gilashin quartz.
6. Marufi, Ajiya & Oda
6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Ƙunƙunshi
LEDs an yi su a cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar hoto akan reels don haɗawa ta atomatik. An ba da cikakkun ma'auni don aljihun tef ɗin ɗaukar hoto da reel (gami da diamita na hub, diamita na flange, da faɗi) don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin SMT. An yiwa reel lakabin bayanin samfur, yawa, da bayanan ganowa.
6.2 Shinge na Danshi & Ƙunƙunshi Bushe
Don kiyaye ƙimar MSL 3, ana rufe reels a cikin jakar shinge na danshi tare da katin nuna danshi. Ana rufe jakar ta hanyar fakiti ko cika shi da busasshen nitrogen don kare abubuwan daga danshin yanayi yayin ajiya da sufuri.
7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace & La'akari da Ƙira
7.1 La'akari da Ƙira don Mafi Kyawun Aiki
- Gudanar da Thermal:Mabuɗin tsawon rai da ingantaccen fitarwa shine ingantaccen nutsar da zafi. Ƙananan juriya na thermal na 4.5 °C/W yana da tasiri ne kawai idan allon da'ira (PCB) yana da isassun hanyoyin thermal da yankin tagulla don watsar da zafi. Matsakaicin yanayin junction na 105°C bai kamata ya wuce ba.
- Halin Yanzu na Tuƙi:Yi aiki a ko ƙasa da shawarar 1400mA DC halin yanzu. Yin amfani da direban halin yanzu na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci don hana sauye-sauyen halin yanzu waɗanda ke shafar fitowar haske da tsawon rai. Rukunin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zai iya taimakawa ƙira don kai a cikin direban.
- Na'urorin Gani & Kayan Aiki:Don tsarin tsabtacewa ko ƙarfafawa, tabbatar da cewa duk wani kayan gani na biyu ko abubuwan rufewa (kamar bututu ko tagogi) suna da bayyane ga takamaiman tsawon zango na UV da ake fitarwa. Yawancin robobi na al'ada suna lalacewa ƙarƙashin fallasa UV.
7.2 Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da LED na UV masu ƙunƙunshi na filastik, wannan ƙunƙunshin ceramic da quartz yana ba da ingantaccen aikin zafi sosai, mafi girman yanayin aiki, da mafi kyawun juriya ga lalacewar UV (rawaya) na abin rufe fuska. Wannan yana haifar da tsawon rai, mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwa, da aminci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
8.1 Menene bambancin tsakanin bambance-bambancen tsawon zango (365nm vs. 400nm)?
Bambancin 365-370nm yana fitarwa a cikin bakan UVA, ya dace da yawancin aikace-aikacen ƙarfafawar UV na masana'antu kamar yadda ya dace da na'urorin farawa na hoto na gama gari. Bambancin 400-410nm yana kusa da UV mai iya gani kuma ana iya amfani dashi a inda ake buƙatar zurfin shiga ko farawa na sinadarai daban-daban, ko kuma inda UV mai ƙarancin makamashi ya isa don tsabtacewa.
8.4 Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar Radiant Flux (mW) don aikace-aikacena?
Radiant flux shine jimlar ƙarfin gani da aka fitar. Don ƙarfafawa, wannan yana da alaƙa da kashi (makamashi kowane yanki) da aka bayar. Dole ne ku ƙididdige irradiance (mW/cm²) a kan manufar ku bisa nisa, kayan gani, da wannan ƙimar flux. Don tsabtacewa, ingantaccen tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ya dogara da tsawon zango, don haka dole ne a auna flux ta hanyar bakan aiki.
8.3 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun?
An ƙarfafa hana shi sosai. LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙin halin yanzu. Tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun tare da mai juriya mai sauƙi ba shi da inganci kuma yana ba da ƙa'ida mara kyau game da yanayin zafi da bambance-bambancen Vf na ɗaiɗaiku. Ana buƙatar takamaiman direban LED na halin yanzu don ingantaccen aiki da aminci.
9. Amincewa & Gwaji
Samfurin yana jere na gwaje-gwajen aminci don tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin damuwa. Abubuwan gwaji na al'ada na iya haɗawa da rayuwar aiki mai zafi, zagayowar thermal, gwajin danshi, da juriya ga zafin gudanarwa. An ayyana takamaiman yanayi da ma'auni na wucewa/rushewa (kamar canje-canjen da aka yarda a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ko radiant flux) don tabbatar da ƙarfin samfur.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |