Takardar Bayanin LED Fari 334-15/T1C5-7 QSA - Nau'in T-1 3/4 - 3.6V Matsakaici - 110mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fitilar LED fari mai ƙarfi wacce aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya. Na'urar tana amfani da guntu na semiconductor InGaN wanda aka haɗa da mai mayar da haske mai cike da phosphor don samar da hasken fari daga fitilar shuɗi. An saka LED ɗin a cikin sanannen fakitin zagaye na T-1 3/4, yana ba da ma'auni na girman da fitowar haske wanda ya dace da tarukan lantarki daban-daban.

Babban fa'idar wannan samfur shine ƙarfin haskensa, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun ta kai matakai masu mahimmanci a daidai yanayin gudanar da halin yanzu. An ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitilu masu haske, masu bayyanawa. Na'urar ta bi ka'idojin muhalli masu dacewa kuma tana da kariya daga zubar da lantarki (ESD), wanda ke ƙara amincinta a cikin sarrafawa da aiki.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne.

• Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F): 30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai zuwa anode na LED.
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP): 100 mA. Wannan halin yanzu mafi girma yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini, wanda aka ƙayyade a cikin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da mitar 1 kHz.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R): 5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya wanda ya wuce wannan ƙimar zai iya lalata haɗin gwiwar semiconductor na LED.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 110 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi, wanda aka lissafta azaman samfurin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya: An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana ta daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na ESD (HBM): 4 kV. Wannan yana nuna matakin kariya daga zubar da lantarki bisa ga Tsarin Jikin Mutum.
• Zazzabi na Solder: Za a iya jure wa igiyoyin kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 5 yayin ayyukan solder.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi na 25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, wanda ke aiki azaman ma'anar gama gari.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Ya bambanta daga 2.8 V (Ƙananan) zuwa 3.6 V (Matsakaici), tare da ƙimar yau da kullun da aka nuna a cikin wannan kewayon. Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (I_V): Yana da ƙimar mafi ƙanƙanta na 3600 mcd (millicandela) kuma zai iya hawa har zuwa matsakaicin 7150 mcd. Ainihin ƙarfin da aka bayar yana ƙarƙashin tsarin rarrabuwa wanda aka yi cikakken bayani daga baya.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): Cikakkiyar kusurwar dubawa ta yau da kullun, inda ƙarfin haske ya rabi na kololuwar ƙarfin axial, shine digiri 50. Wannan yana ayyana yaduwar katakon LED.
• Haɗin Haɗin Launi: Matsakaicin wurin launi a cikin sararin launi na CIE 1931 shine x=0.30, y=0.29. Wannan yana ayyana launin fari da ake gani na fitowar LED.
• Halayen Zener & Baya: Na'urar na iya haɗa diode na kariya na Zener tare da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_z) na 5.2 V a 5 mA. Halin yanzu na ɓarna na baya (I_R) ya kai 50 µA a 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman mafi ƙarancin buƙatu don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani

Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa manyan kwandon guda uku bisa ga mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙarfin haskensu da aka auna a I_F=20mA. Rashin jurewa don ƙarfi a cikin kwandon shine ±10%.

• Kwandon Q: 3600 mcd (Ƙananan) zuwa 4500 mcd (Matsakaici)
• Kwandon R: 4500 mcd (Ƙananan) zuwa 5650 mcd (Matsakaici)
• Kwandon S: 5650 mcd (Ƙananan) zuwa 7150 mcd (Matsakaici)

3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Hakanan ana rarraba LEDs bisa ga raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a I_F=20mA, tare da rashin tabbas na auna na ±0.1V. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu daidaitaccen tuƙi na halin yanzu, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a jere.

• Kwandon 0: 2.8 V zuwa 3.0 V
• Kwandon 1: 3.0 V zuwa 3.2 V
• Kwandon 2: 3.2 V zuwa 3.4 V
• Kwandon 3: 3.4 V zuwa 3.6 V

3.3 Rarrabuwar Launi

Ana sarrafa fitowar launin fari a cikin takamaiman yankuna akan zanen launi na CIE. Samfurin ya haɗa LEDs daga kwandon launi B5 da B6 don samar da Rukuni na 7. Takardar bayanin tana ba da kewayon haɗin kai na kusurwa don waɗannan kwandon (misali, don B5: x tsakanin 0.287-0.311, y tsakanin 0.276-0.315), yana tabbatar da cewa ma'anar fari ya faɗi cikin ƙayyadadden yanki. Rashin tabbas na auna don haɗin launi shine ±0.01.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da jadawali masu yawa na halaye waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar aiki fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda ɗaya.

• Dangantakar Ƙarfi da Tsawon Zango: Wannan lanƙwasa rarraba bakan yana nuna kololuwar tsawon zango da faɗaɗa bakan sakamakon jujjuyawar phosphor, na yau da kullun ga LEDs fari.
• Tsarin Jagora: Zanen iyakacin duniya wanda ke nuna rarraba ƙarfin haske na kusurwa, yana da alaƙa da kusurwar dubawa ta yau da kullun na digiri 50.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V): Wannan jadawali yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. Tsananin lanƙwasa sama da ƙarfin lantarki na kunna yana nuna mahimmancin sarrafa halin yanzu don daidaitaccen fitowar haske.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfi da Halin Yanzu na Gaba: Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na tuƙi, yawanci a cikin hanyar da ba ta layi ba a manyan halayen yanzu saboda raguwar inganci da tasirin zafi.
• Haɗin Haɗin Launi da Halin Yanzu na Gaba: Yana nuna yadda ma'anar fari (haɗin launi) zai iya ɗan motsi kaɗan tare da canje-canje a cikin halin yanzu na tuƙi, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu hankali ga launi.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Zafin Yanayi: Yana kwatanta raguwar matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka halatta yayin da zafin yanayi ke ƙaruwa, wani mahimmin abu don sarrafa zafi da aminci.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana amfani da daidaitaccen fakitin zagaye na T-1 3/4 (kimanin 5mm) tare da ruwan tabarau na resin mai tsabta. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin milimita tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba; ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagorar ta fito daga jikin fakitin; kuma matsakaicin tsinkayar resin a ƙasan ƙugiya shine 1.5mm. Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da ainihin ƙimomi don diamita gabaɗaya, tsayi, diamita na jagora, da tazara.

5.2 Gano Polarity da Dora

Fakitin yana da ƙugiya mai gefe mai lebur, wanda yawanci ke nuna jagoran cathode (maras kyau). Gano daidai yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen haɗin kewaye. An ƙera jagororin don ɗora ta cikin rami akan allunan kewaye da aka buga (PCBs).

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa yayin haɗawa.

6.1 Siffantar Jagora

• Dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru aƙalla 3mm daga gindin kwan fitila na epoxy don guje wa damuwa akan hatimi.
• Dole ne a koyaushe a yi siffakafin soldering.
• Matsanancin damuwa yayin siffantawa zai iya fashewa epoxy ko lalata haɗin gwiwar ciki.
• Yanke jagora ya kamata a yi a zafin daki.
• Dole ne ramukan PCB su yi daidai daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwa na ɗora.

6.2 Yanayin Solder

An ba da ƙayyadaddun ma'auni don rage girgizar zafi:

• Solder da Hannu: Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe 300°C (don matsakaicin ƙarfe na 30W), matsakaicin lokacin solder dakika 3 a kowace jagora, kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin gwiwar solder zuwa kwan fitila na epoxy.
• Solder na Wave/Dip: Yin preheating zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Zafin bahon solder bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, tare da nutsar da kayan aiki na matsakaicin dakika 5. Dokar nisa ta 3mm kuma tana aiki.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Don hana sha ruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" yayin solder, yakamata a adana LEDs a ko ƙasa da 30°C da 70% Yanayin Yanayi (RH). Rayuwar ajiya da aka ba da shawarar daga jigilar kaya shine watanni 3. Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara guda), yakamata a adana sassa a cikin buhu mai rufaffiyar shinge na danshi tare da busasshiyar abu, zai fi dacewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin nitrogen.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

An tattara LEDs don hana lalacewar lantarki da na jiki. An fara sanya su cikin jakunkunan anti-static. Ana tattara adadin 200 zuwa 500 a kowace jaka. Sannan an sanya jakunkuna biyar a cikin akwati na ciki. A ƙarshe, an tattara akwatuna na ciki goma a cikin babban akwati na waje don jigilar kaya.

7.2 Bayanin Alama

Alamun marufi sun haɗa da lambobi da yawa: CPN (Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki), P/N (Lambar Sashen Masana'anta), QTY (Yawa), CAT (Lambar Haɗin gwiwa don Kwandon Ƙarfin Hasken Gani da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba), HUE (Lambar Darajar Launi), REF (Tunani), da LOT No. (Lambar rukunin samarwa mai iya gano).

7.3 Ƙayyadaddun Lambar Samfur

Lambar sashe 334-15/T1C5-7 QSA tana bin takamaiman tsari. Lambobin ƙari (wakilin murabba'ai a cikin takardar bayanin) suna ba da damar zaɓar takamaiman kwandon ƙarfin hasken gani, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, da sauran fasalulluka na zaɓi kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin jagorar zaɓin masana'anta.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Kamar yadda aka jera a cikin takardar bayanin, wannan LED fari mai ƙarfi ya dace da:

• Allunan Saƙo & Alamomi: Inda ake buƙatar fensir ɗaya ko alamomi masu haske.
• Alamomin Gani: Fitilun yanayi akan kayan aikin masana'antu, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, ko allunan sarrafawa.
• Hasken Baya: Don ƙananan nuni na LCD, allunan maɓalli na membrane, ko hasken kayan ado inda ake buƙatar haske daidai, galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin jeri.
• Fitilun Alama: Don kayan aiki, motoci, ko aikace-aikacen aminci waɗanda ke buƙatar ganuwa mai girma.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Tuƙi na Halin Yanzu: Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jeri ko da'irar tuƙi mai daidaitaccen halin yanzu. Tuƙi LED kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai iya lalata shi saboda alaƙar I-V mai yawa.
• Gudanar da Zafi: Duk da cewa wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen iska ko nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitowar haske na dogon lokaci da aminci, musamman a manyan yanayin zafi ko halayen tuƙi.
• Ƙirar Gani: Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 50 tana ba da katako mai faɗi. Don ƙarin haske mai da hankali, ƙila ana buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu kamar ruwan tabarau ko bututun haske.
• Zaɓin Rarrabuwa: Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton haske ko launi a cikin LEDs da yawa, ƙayyadaddun kwandon ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (misali, Kwandon S kawai) da takamaiman ƙungiyar ƙarfin lantarki/launi yana da kyau.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs fari na 5mm na gabaɗaya, wannan samfurin yana ba da ƙarfin haske mai girma sosai, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da babban haske ya fi mahimmanci. Haɗin ƙayyadadden tsarin rarrabuwa don duka ƙarfi da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ba da ƙarin hasashe da daidaito a cikin gudanar da samarwa idan aka kwatanta da madadin da ba a rarraba su ba ko kuma an rarraba su. Kariyar ESD da aka gina (4kV HBM) tana ƙara ƙarfi a cikin yanayin haɗawa. Takamaiman haɗin kwandon launi (B5+B6) yana niyya ga takamaiman ma'anar fari, wanda zai iya bambanta da sanyin fari ko dumin fari da sauran samfuran ke bayarwa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Ci gaba da Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba?

Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (30 mA) shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC don aiki mai aminci, na dogon lokaci. Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (100 mA) ƙimar bugun jini ne, na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda za'a iya amfani dashi na ɗan lokaci (misali, a cikin nuni masu yawa) amma dole ne kada a wuce shi ko da na ɗan lokaci a cikin aikin DC, saboda zai haifar da yawan zafi da lalacewa cikin sauri.

10.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu?

Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanin (3.6V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ke tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai taɓa wuce 20mA ba ko da tare da bambance-bambancen sashi zuwa sashi. Misali, tare da wadata 5V: R = (5V - 3.6V) / 0.020A = 70 Ohms. Za a zaɓi ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙimar da ta fi kusa (68 ko 75 Ohms), kuma yakamata a duba ƙimar wutar lantarki (P = I²R).

10.3 Zan iya amfani da wannan LED a waje?

Kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) yana ba da damar amfani a yawancin wuraren waje. Duk da haka, ba a ƙayyade fakitin musamman don hana ruwa ko juriya ga lalata UV ba. Don bayyanar kai tsaye a waje, ƙarin kariyar muhalli (rufi mai daidaitawa, rufaffiyar rufaffiyar) zai zama dole don kariya daga danshi da hasken rana.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Ƙirar Allon Nuna Yanayi na LED Masu Yawa:Allon sarrafawa yana buƙatar LEDs fari masu haske 20 don nuna yanayin aiki na ayyukan injina daban-daban. Daidaiton haske yana da mahimmanci don kyawu da bayyanawa.

1. Ƙirar Da'ira: Mai zane ya zaɓi tuƙi dukkan LEDs a layi daya daga layin dogo na 12V. Kowace reshe na LED tana da nasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_Fna 3.6V da manufa I_Fna 20mA, ƙimar resistor shine (12V - 3.6V)/0.02A = 420 Ohms. An zaɓi resistor na 430 Ohm, 1/4W don kowane reshe.
2. Zaɓin Rarrabuwa: Don tabbatar da daidaito, mai zane ya ƙayyade LEDs daga Kwandon S (mafi girman ƙarfi) kuma ya nemi su daga rukunin samarwa ɗaya da ƙungiyar launi (Rukuni na 7) don rage bambancin launi da haske.
3. Shimfidar PCB: An hako ramuka bisa ga tazarar jagora na zanen fakitin. An kiyaye yanki na kaucewa aƙalla radius 3mm a kusa da jikin LED don guje wa wicking solder yayin solder na igiyar ruwa.
4. Taro:** Mai taro yana bin jagororin solder da hannu, yana amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki da aka saita zuwa 300°C kuma yana kammala kowane haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin dakika 3.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED fari ne wanda aka canza phosphor. Tushen shine guntu na semiconductor da aka yi da Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntu, suna fitar da photons. An ƙera kayan InGaN don fitar da haske a cikin yankin shuɗi na bakan (yawanci kusan 450-455 nm). Wannan hasken shuɗi ba a fitar da shi kai tsaye ba. A maimakon haka, yana buga wani Layer na kayan phosphor (misali, Yttrium Aluminum Garnet da aka yi da Cerium, YAG:Ce) wanda aka ajiye a cikin kofin mai mayar da haske da ke kewaye da guntu. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na photons shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da haske a cikin bakan mafi faɗi, galibi a cikin kewayon rawaya. Cakuda sauran hasken shuɗin da ba a sha ba da hasken rawaya da phosphor ya samar, idon ɗan adam yana ganin shi azaman hasken fari. Ainihin inuwa (sanyi fari, tsaka-tsaki fari, dumi fari) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar abun da ke ciki da kauri na Layer phosphor.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Fasahar da ke bayan wannan nau'in LED tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends na masana'antu gabaɗaya sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Ingantaccen (Lumens kowace Watt): Ci gaba da inganta a cikin chip epitaxy, cire haske, da ingancin phosphor yana haifar da mafi girman fitowar haske don shigar da lantarki iri ɗaya, yana rage amfani da makamashi.
• Ingantaccen Fitar Launi: Duk da yake wannan takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade ma'anar fari guda ɗaya, sabbin samfuran sau da yawa suna amfani da gaurayawan phosphor da yawa (misali, ƙara phosphor ja) don cimma mafi girman ƙimar Fihirisar Fitar Launi (CRI), yana sa launuka su bayyana mafi dabi'a a ƙarƙashin hasken.
• Ƙananan:** Duk da yake fakitin T-1 3/4 ya kasance sananne, akwai babban yanayi zuwa ƙananan fakitin na'urar ɗora saman (SMD) (misali, 3535, 3030, 2835) don aikace-aikacen yawan girma, ko da yake sau da yawa a cikin ciniki tare da jimillar fitowar haske kowace fakitin idan aka kwatanta da manyan nau'ikan rami.
• Mafi Girman Aminci da Rayuwa: Ci gaba a cikin kayan marufi, haɗa mutuwa, da haɗin waya suna ci gaba da tura ƙayyadaddun rayuwar (L70/B50) na LEDs gaba, yana sa su dace da ƙarin aikace-aikace masu wahala.