Bayanin Farin LED PLCC-2 - Girman 2.8x3.5x0.7mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 3.15V - Ƙarfin Wuta 0.594W - Takardun Fasaha

1. Bayanin Samfura

Wannan takarda tana bayar da cikakken bayanin fasaha na babban aikin farin fitila mai fitar da haske (LED) wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen haske na gabaɗaya. Na'urar tana amfani da guntu na LED shuɗi tare da lulluɓin phosphor don samar da haske farin, hanyar gama gari kuma mai inganci a fasahar haske ta tsayayyen jiki. Ana ajiye samfurin a cikin kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) na madaidaicin surface, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antu don ingantaccen tsari da dacewa da tsarin haɗa kai ta atomatik. An siffanta LED da faffadan kusurwar gani da kuma daidaitaccen aikin gani, wanda ya sa ya dace da nau'ikan hanyoyin haske na cikin gida inda ake buƙatar rarraba haske daidai.

1.1 Fasaloli

• Zanen kunshin PLCC-2 don ingantaccen tsarin injina da kuma kyakkyawan sarrafa zafi.
• Faffadan kusurwar gani sosai, yawanci digiri 120, yana tabbatar da faffadan rufe haske.
• Cikakken dacewa da daidaitattun tsarin haɗa kai na SMT (Fasahar Madaidaicin Surface) da hanyoyin gini reflow, yana sauƙaƙa samarwa mai yawa.
• Ana samun shi a cikin kunshin a kan tef da reel don na'urorin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
• Matakin hankalin ɗanɗano an rarraba shi azaman Mataki 3, yana nuna takamaiman buƙatun sarrafawa da ajiya don hana lalacewa da ɗanɗano ya haifar yayin reflow.
• Yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntataccen Abubuwa Masu Hadari), yana tabbatar da cewa samfurin ba shi da takamaiman kayan haɗari.

1.2 Aikace-aikace

Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace na wannan LED sun haɗa da haske na gabaɗaya na cikin gida, hasken kwan fitila, da sauran yanayin haske na cikin gida. An inganta sigoginsa don ayyukan da ke buƙatar kyakkyawan fassarar launi da ingantaccen fitar da haske, kamar a cikin hasken gida, fitilun kasuwanci, da na'urorin haske na ado. Haɗin tsarinsa da aiki ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai yawa don masu zanen haske da injiniyoyi.

2. Cikakken Sigogi na Fasaha da Bincike

Sasannin masu zuwa sun shiga cikin mahimman sigogi na lantarki, gani, da zafi waɗanda ke ayyana aikin LED. Fahimtar waɗannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙira na kewayawa da haɗin kai don tabbatar da tsawon rai da mafi kyawun fitar da haske.

2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Gani

An ƙayyade duk ma'auni a zafin jikin gini (Ts) na 25°C. An taƙaita mahimman sigogi a ƙasa, tare da cikakken bincike na kowane.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki Na Gaba (VF): A gwajin igiyar lantarki (IF) na 150mA, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da mafi ƙarancin 3.0V, ƙimar al'ada na 3.15V, da mafi girma na 3.3V. Wannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ƙira mai tuƙi; ana ba da shawarar tushen igiyar lantarki mai dorewa don tabbatar da tsayayyen fitar da haske da hana guduwar zafi, saboda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau.
• Igirar Lantarki Na Baya (IR): Tare da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V da aka yi amfani da shi, matsakaicin igiyar lantarki na baya shine 10µA. Wannan yana nuna ingancin guntu na LED p-n junction da kuma ikonsa na jure ƙananan bambance-bambancen baya waɗanda zasu iya faruwa a cikin canje-canjen kewayawa.
• Kwararar Hasken (Φ): Jimillar fitar da haske, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm), ya bambanta dangane da rukunin zafin launi (CCT) na takamaiman bambancin samfur. Misali, don bambancin farin dumi (kewayon CCT 2580-2880K), kwararar hasken yawanci 58lm a 150mA. Bambancin farin sanyi (misali, 5320-6090K) yana ba da kwararar al'ada na 66lm. Wannan rarrabuwar yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar daidaitaccen haske don buƙatun su na zafin launi.
• Kusurwar Gani (2θ_1/2): Cikakkiyar kusurwar gani a rabin ƙarfi yawanci digiri 120. Wannan faffadan kusurwa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai watsewa, mara jagora, yana rage buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu a yawancin kayan haske na gabaɗaya.
• Ma'aunin Fassarar Launi (CRI): An ƙayyade CRI tare da mafi ƙarancin 80 da na al'ada na 82. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna yadda hasken LED ke fassara launai daidai gwargwado idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta. Ana ɗaukar CRI sama da 80 a matsayin mai kyau don haske na gabaɗaya na cikin gida, wanda ke sa wannan LED ya dace da yanayin da fahimtar launi ke da mahimmanci.
• Juriya na Zafi (R_THJ-S)): Juriyar zafi daga junction zuwa wurin gini tana da matsakaicin ƙimar 30°C/W. Wannan sigogi ne mai mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi. Ƙananan wannan ƙimar, yana da inganci sosai zafi yana fitowa daga junction na LED. Ingantaccen ƙira na PCB tare da isassun ramuka na zafi da yanki na jan ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙananan zafin junction, wanda ke tasiri kai tsaye ga tsawon rai na LED da kuma kiyaye haske.
• Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD): Na'urar na iya jure harbin ESD na Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM) har zuwa 2000V. Wannan matakin kariya yana da daidaitaccen tsari ga yawancin LEDs kuma yana taimakawa hana lalacewa yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa, amma har yanzu ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Yin aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. An ayyana ƙididdiga a zafin yanayi na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wuta (P_D)): 594mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ikon wuta da za a iya watsar da shi azaman zafi. Wuce wa wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin zafi sosai a junction.
• Igirar Lantarki Na Gaba (I_F)): 180mA ci gaba. Wannan shine matsakaicin igiyar lantarki DC da aka ba da shawarar don aiki na dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Matsakaicin Igirar Lantarki Na Gaba (I_FP)): 240mA, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin harbi (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin harbi na 10ms). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gudu mai yawa a cikin aikace-aikace kamar dushewa ko ji.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Na Baya (V_R)): 5V. Yin amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya rushe junction.
• Zafin Aiki da Ajiya: -40°C zuwa +100°C. Wannan faffadan kewayon yana tabbatar da inganci a cikin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli.
• Zafin Junction (T_J)): 125°C matsakaici. Dole ne a ƙididdige ainihin zafin junction yayin aiki bisa la'akari da juriyar zafi da rushewar wuta don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance ƙasa da wannan iyaka don dogon lokaci na aminci.

2.3 Tsarin Rukunin Kewayon don Ƙarfin Lantarki Na Gaba da Kwararar Hasken

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa rukunoni bisa mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun tsarin don faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki da haske.

• Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki Na Gaba: A IF=150mA, an rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa rukunoni uku: H1 (3.0-3.1V), H2 (3.1-3.2V), da I1 (3.2-3.3V). Wannan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita LEDs a cikin jerin igiyoyi don hana rashin daidaiton igiyar lantarki.
• Rarrabuwar Kwararar Hasken: An rarraba kwararar hasken zuwa rukunoni huɗu: SHA (55-60 lm), TEA (60-65 lm), TFA (65-70 lm), da TGA (70-75 lm). Waɗannan rukunoni yawanci suna da alaƙa da bambancin zafin launi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin teburin sigogi na samfur.
• Rarrabuwar Matsayi na Launi: Takardar ta haɗa da zane na CIE chromaticity tare da ƙayyadaddun yankuna huɗu (misali, A27, A30, A35 har zuwa 65K) waɗanda ke ƙayyade madaidaicin matsayin launi (x, y) don kowane rukunin farin batu. Wannan daidaitaccen rarrabuwar yana tabbatar da ƙaƙƙarfan daidaiton launi a cikin tarin LEDs, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da LEDs da yawa tare kuma dole ne gaurayawan launi ya zama daidai.

2.4 Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da PDF ke nuni da lanƙwasa halayen gani na al'ada, ba a bayar da takamaiman zane-zane don igiyar lantarki da kwararar haske (lanƙwasa L-I), ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da zafi, da rarraba ikon bakan a cikin rubutun. Duk da haka, bisa sigogin da aka bayar, mutum zai iya ƙididdige yanayin aiki na gabaɗaya. Kwararar hasken yana kusan layi daya tare da igiyar lantarki a cikin kewayon aikin da aka ba da shawarar. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zai ragu yayin da zafin junction ya tashi. Fitarwar bakan za ta dogara da gaurayawan phosphor da aka yi amfani da shi don takamaiman rukunin CCT, tare da farin dumi yana da ƙarin makamashi a cikin jigon ja na bakan kuma farin sanyi yana da ƙarin abun ciki na shuɗi/kore. Masu ƙira yakamata su tuntubi cikakken bayanan masana'anta don bayanan zane don yin ƙira daidai gwargwado aikin tsarin.

3. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

Girman jiki da tsarin suna da mahimmanci don ƙira na ƙafar PCB da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gini.

3.1 Girman Kunshi da Zane-zane

Kunshin LED yana da girman jiki kusan 2.80mm a tsawon, 3.50mm a faɗi, da 0.70mm a tsayi (banda jagororin). Duk ƙimar girman yana da ±0.05mm sai dai idan an bayyana in ba haka ba. Kunshin ya haɗa da jagorori biyu don haɗin lantarki.

3.2 Gano Polarity da Tsarin Gini

An yiwa anode (A, tabbatacce) da cathode (C, maras kyau) alama a sarari. An ba da shawarar tsarin ginin gini akan PCB don tabbatar da ingantacciyar haɗin injiniya da lantarki yayin ba da damar sauƙin zafi. Zanen gini yana taimakawa wajen samun kyakkyawan fillet na gini yayin tsarin reflow.

4. Kunshi, Sarrafawa, da Inganci

4.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi

Ana samar da LEDs a kan tef mai ɗaukar kaya da aka narkar da shi akan reels, wanda ya dace da haɗa kai na SMT ta atomatik. An ƙayyade cikakkun girma don aljihun tef ɗaukar kaya da reel don tabbatar da dacewa da tsarin ciyarwa na daidaitaccen tsari. Alamar akan reel tana ba da bayanan gano kamar lambar sashi, adadi, da lambar kuri'a.

4.2 Hankalin ɗanɗano da Ajiya

A matsayin na'urar mai hankalin ɗanɗano Mataki 3, dole ne a adana samfurin a cikin yanayi mara ɗanɗano (yawanci ƙasa da 30°C/60% RH) a cikin jakar shinge na ɗanɗano ta asali. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, yakamata a yi amfani da abubuwan a cikin sa'o'i 168 (7 kwanaki) a ƙarƙashin yanayin gidan masana'anta ko kuma a sake gasa su bisa ƙa'idodin IPC/JEDEC na daidaitaccen tsari kafin ginin reflow don hana lalacewar \"popcorn\".

4.3 Duban Gwajin Inganci

Ana yi wa samfurin jerin gwaje-gwajen inganci don tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na damuwa. Gwaje-gwaje na gama gari sun haɗa da ajiyar zafi mai yawa, ajiyar sanyi, zagayowar zafi, gwajin ɗanɗano, da juriyar zafi na gini. An ayyana takamaiman yanayi da ma'auni na nasara/rasa (misali, iyakoki don canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ko ƙarfin haske) don garanti tsawon lokacin aiki, yawanci wuce sa'o'i 50,000 a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daidai.

5. Umarnin Ginin Reflow na SMT

Don cimma ingantattun haɗin gini ba tare da lalata LED ba, dole ne a yi amfani da ingantaccen bayanin martaba na reflow.

• Nau'in Bayanin Martaba: Ana ba da shawarar daidaitaccen bayanin martaba na reflow na convection.
• Matsakaicin Zafi: Matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin reflow bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar zafin da aka ƙayyade ba (wanda hankalin ɗanɗano da iyakokin kayan kunshi suka nuna, yawanci kusan 260°C na 'yan daƙiƙa).
• Preheat da Jiƙa: Yankin preheat sannu a hankali yana da mahimmanci don kunna flux da kuma sannu a hankali kawo dukan taron zuwa daidaitaccen zafi, yana rage girman girman zafi.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidous (TAL): Lokacin da man gini yake cikin yanayi narkakke yakamata a sarrafa shi don tabbatar da kyakkyawan jika ba tare da girma mai yawa na intermetallic ko damuwa na ɓangare ba.
• Yana da mahimmanci don bin takamaiman shawarwarin bayanin martaba, gami da haɓaka da ƙimar sanyaya, don hana fashewar kunshin filastik ko rabuwar ruwan tabarau na silicone saboda rashin daidaiton faɗaɗawar zafi.

6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Bayan hasken cikin gida na asali, ana iya amfani da wannan LED a cikin bututun LED, fitilun panel, kwan fitila, da sauran na'urorin haske inda tsarin PLCC-2 yake da daidaitaccen tsari. Faɗin kusurwar haskensa yana rage buƙatar masu watsewa masu rikitarwa a yawancin aikace-aikacen sake gyara.

6.2 Ƙira na Kewayawar Mai Tuƙi

Mai tuƙi na LED mai dorewa yana da mahimmanci. Yakamata a saita igiyar fitarwa mai tuƙi a ko ƙasa da shawarar 150mA don aiki na al'ada, la'akari da rukunin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba don ƙididdige ƙarfin ƙarfin mai tuƙi da ake buƙata. Ƙirar zafi akan PCB tana da mahimmanci; yin amfani da allon tare da ginin zafi da aka haɗa ta hanyar ramuka zuwa filin ƙasa na ciki zai iya rage juriyar zafi daga wurin ginin LED zuwa yanayi sosai.

6.3 Abubuwan Ƙira na Gani

Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman tsarin haske, ana iya sanya na'urorin gani na biyu kamar ruwan tabarau ko masu haskakawa a saman LED. Faɗin kusurwar gani na asali yana ba da kyakkyawar farawa don ƙirar gani. Yakamata a zaɓi CRI da rukunin CCT bisa la'akari da yanayin hasken da ake so da buƙatun daidaiton launi na aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

7. Binciken Fasaha, Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Akai-akai, da Trends

7.1 Ka'idar Aiki na Farin LEDs

Wannan LED yana samar da haske farin ta hanyar aiki da ake kira canjin phosphor. Guntu na semiconductor da ke fitar da haske shuɗi (yawanci bisa InGaN) an lulluɓe shi da kayan phosphor mai fitar da rawaya (sau da yawa YAG:Ce). Wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi yana sha da phosphor kuma ana sake fitar da shi azaman haske rawaya. Gaurayawar sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka canza ya bayyana farin ga idon mutum. Ta hanyar daidaita abun da ke cikin phosphor da taro, ana iya samun nau'ikan zafin launi daban-daban (CCT) daga farin dumi zuwa farin sanyi.

7.2 Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Akai-akai (FAQs)

• Q: Menene babban abin da ke haifar da raguwar tsawon rai na LED?A: Manyan abubuwa su ne babban zafin junction da igiyar tuƙi. Yin aiki da LED a cikin takamaiman iyakokin zafi da igiyar lantarki yana da mahimmanci don dogon lokaci na kiyaye haske da kuma kwanciyar hankali na launi.
• Q: Shin ana iya amfani da LEDs da yawa na rukunonin ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban a cikin jerin igiyoyi ɗaya?A: Ba a ba da shawarar ba. Bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zai haifar da rashin daidaiton igiyar lantarki, yana haifar da rashin daidaiton haske da kuma yiwuwar damuwa ga LEDs tare da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki. Yi amfani da LEDs daga rukunonin ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya ko maƙwabta don haɗin jerin.
• Q: Ta yaya zafin yanayi ke tasiri fitar da haske?A: Yayin da zafin yanayi (don haka junction) ya karu, kwararar hasken yawanci tana raguwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan raguwar zafi a cikin ƙirar zafi na tsarin don tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye matakin hasken da ake so a cikin yanayin aiki.
• Q: Shin ana buƙatar heatsink don wannan LED?A: Don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin wuta ko kuma lokacin da ake amfani da LEDs kaɗan akan ingantaccen PCB, mai yiwuwa ba a buƙatar heatsink na waje. Duk da haka, don arrays ko aikace-aikacen babban wuta, ingantaccen sarrafa zafi ta hanyar PCB da/ko haɗe-haɗen heatsink yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye zafin junction ƙasa.

7.3 Trends na Masana'antu da Kwatanta

Kunshin PLCC-2 ya kasance mai tsada kuma mai aminci ga aikace-aikacen LED na matsakaicin wuta. Idan aka kwatanta da sababbin nau'ikan kunshi kamar COB (Chip-on-Board) ko kunshin matsakaicin wuta mai yawa, PLCC-2 yana ba da daidaitaccen daidaito na sauƙin amfani, ingantaccen inganci da aka tabbatar, da dacewa da kayayyakin samarwa na yanzu. Trends a cikin masana'antu yana zuwa ga ingantaccen aiki (ƙarin lumens a kowace wata), mafi kyawun daidaiton launi, da mafi girman ƙimar CRI. Wannan takamaiman LED, tare da CRI>80 da zaɓuɓɓukan CCT da yawa, ya yi daidai da buƙatun kasuwa don ingantaccen haske a cikin haske na gabaɗaya mai inganci. Dacewarta da daidaitattun hanyoyin SMT yana ba shi fa'ida dangane da ƙarancin jimillar farashin haɗawa idan aka kwatanta da kunshin da ke buƙatar sarrafawa na musamman.

7.4 Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙira na sauƙi na ƙaramin haske na LED ta amfani da 12 daga cikin waɗannan LEDs. Mai zanen zai zaɓi takamaiman rukunin CCT (misali, A40 don 4000K farin tsaka-tsaki) da rukunin kwararar haske (misali, TEA don 60-65lm). Yin wayoyi a cikin tsari na 4-series-by-3-parallel yana buƙatar mai tuƙi tare da fitar da igiyar lantarki na 450mA (3*150mA) da kewayon ƙarfin lantarki wanda ya rufe 4 * (VF na jerin igiyoyi, la'akari da mafi munin matsakaicin VF). Dole ne a ƙira PCB tare da isassun yanki na jan ƙarfe da ramuka na zafi a ƙarƙashin ginin gini na kowane LED don kai zafi zuwa tushen ƙarfe ko babban Layer na jan ƙarfe. Ta hanyar ƙididdige raguwar wutar da ake tsammani (12 * 3.15V * 0.15A ≈ 5.67W) da hanyar juriyar zafi, mai zanen zai iya tabbatar da cewa zafin junction ya kasance ƙasa da 125°C, yana tabbatar da tsawon rai na samfur.