Bayanin LED SMD Fari 3030 - 3.0x3.0x0.55mm - 3.1V - 1.0W - Nau'in Motoci - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayanin fasaha na babban LED SMD fari (Surface-Mount Device Light Emitting Diode) wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi. An gina samfurin ta amfani da guntu LED shuɗi tare da lulluɓin phosphor don samar da hasken fari, wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin ƙarfin kayan Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC). Babban manufar ƙirarsa shine amincin aiki da aiki mai kyau a cikin yanayin motoci, yana bin ƙa'idodin inganci na masana'antu.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin LED ya samo asali ne daga halayen fakitin da aikin sa. Fakitin EMC yana ba da ingantaccen sarrafa zafi da dogon aminci idan aka kwatanta da robobi na gargajiya, wannan yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitowar haske da tsawon rayuwa. Tare da faɗin kusurwar gani mai girman digiri 120, yana ba da rarraba haske mai kyau a sarari. Ya dace da tsarin haɗa kayan Surface-Mount Technology (SMT) na yau da kullun, gami da reflow soldering, kuma ana bayar da shi akan tef da reel don saukar da shi ta atomatik. Babban kasuwarsa shine hasken motoci, wanda ya haɗa da na ciki (misali, hasken dashboard, hasken yanayi) da na waje (misali, fitilun gudu na rana, fitilun sigina, ƙarin haske). Bin ƙa'idodin RoHS, REACH, da ingancin gwajin damuwa na AEC-Q102 don nau'in semiconductor na motoci yana nuna dacewarsa ga wannan fanni.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Fahimtar ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira da sarrafa zafi daidai.

2.1 Halayen Gani da Lantarki

Ana ƙayyade duk ma'auni a zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj) na 25°C. Babban yanayin aiki shine ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 300mA.

• Ƙarfin Gaba (VF):Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED shine 3.1V, tare da kewayon daga 2.8V (Ƙananan) zuwa 3.4V (Mafi girma). Ana rarraba wannan ma'auni don daidaiton samarwa.
• Yawan Hasken (Φ):Matsakaicin fitowar haske shine lumens 85 (lm), yana kewayo daga mafi ƙanƙanta 75.3 lm zuwa mafi girma 93.2 lm. Wannan hasken kuma yana ƙarƙashin tsarin rarrabawa.
• Kusurwar Gani (2θ1/2):Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na mafi girman ƙarfinsa shine digiri 120, yana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi sosai.
• Ƙarfin Baya (IR):Tare da ƙarfin baya (VR) na 5V da aka yi amfani da shi, ƙarfin ɓarna shine mafi girma na 10 µA.

2.2 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke da Sarrafa Zafi

Yin aiki fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (PD):Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda shine 1428 mW.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (IF):Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba shine 420 mA.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (IFP):Don aikin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 10ms), na'urar na iya ɗaukar matsakaicin ƙarfin na 700 mA.
• Ƙarfin Baya (VR):Matsakaicin ƙarfin baya da aka yarda shine 5V.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):Ma'aunin Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM) shine 8000V, tare da yawan amfanin sama da 90% a wannan matakin. Har yanzu ana buƙatar matakan kulawa na ESD da suka dace.
• Ma'aunin Zafin Jiki:
  • Zafin Aiki (TOPR): -40°C zuwa +125°C.
  • Zafin Ajiya (TSTG): -40°C zuwa +125°C.
  • Matsakaicin Zafin Haɗin gwiwa (TJ): 150°C.
• Juriya na Zafi (RθJ-S):Matsakaicin juriya na zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder shine 16 °C/W. Wannan ƙimar tana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige haɓakar zafin haɗin gwiwar LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki. Dole ne a ƙayyade ainihin matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki ta hanyar auna zafin fakitin don tabbatar da cewa zafin haɗin gwiwa bai wuce 150°C ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman ma'auni.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Gaba da Yawan Hasken

A gwajin ƙarfin na IF=300mA, ana rarraba na'urori zuwa kwandon shara don ƙarfin gaba (VF) da yawan hasken (Φ).

• Kwandon Shara na Ƙarfi (VF):Lambobin suna kewayo daga G1 (2.8-2.9V) zuwa I2 (3.3-3.4V).
• Kwandon Shara na Hasken (Φ):Lambobin su ne QA (67.8-75.3 lm), QB (75.3-83.7 lm), da RA (83.7-93.2 lm).

Wani takamaiman odar samfur zai haɗa lambar kwandon ƙarfi tare da lambar kwandon haske (misali, H1-QB).

3.2 Rarrabawar Launi

Ana ƙayyade ma'anar launin fari a cikin zanen CIE 1931 chromaticity. Ƙayyadaddun kwandon shara, misali '5E', ana bayyana shi ta hanyar murabba'i akan zanen tare da daidaitawa (x1,y1), (x2,y2), (x3,y3), da (x4,y4). Duk raka'o'i daga wannan kwandon shara za su kasance da ma'anar launi a cikin wannan yanki da aka ƙayyade, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Matsakaicin iyaka don auna daidaitawar launi shine ±0.005.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

4.1 Girman Fakitin da Tsari

LED yana da ƙaramin ƙafa mai aunin tsawon 3.0mm, faɗin 3.0mm, da tsayi 0.55mm (na yau da kullun). Cikakkun zane-zane masu girma sun haɗa da ra'ayoyin sama, gefe, da ƙasa. Ra'ayin ƙasa yana nuna tsarin filin anode da cathode don haɗin lantarki daidai. An ba da tsarin filin solder da aka ba da shawarar (tsarin ƙasa) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da haɗin zafi daidai zuwa allon da'ira (PCB). Duk matsakaicin iyaka na girman shine ±0.2mm sai dai idan an lura da su.

4.2 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Ana samar da samfurin a cikin marufi na masana'antu na yau da kullun don haɗa kayan ta atomatik.

• Tef ɗin Mai ɗauka:Ana ajiye LED a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗauka da aka zana. An ƙayyade girman tef ɗin (girman aljihu, tsayi, da sauransu) don dacewa da kayan zaɓe da sanyawa na SMT na yau da kullun.
• Reel:Ana nannade tef ɗin mai ɗauka akan reel. An ba da girman reel (diamita, faɗi, girman cibiya).
• Hankalin Danshi:An ƙididdige na'urar a matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) 2. Wannan yana nufin za a iya fallasa shi ga yanayin bene na masana'antu (≤30°C/60% RH) har zuwa shekara guda. Idan an buɗe ainihin jakar bushewa, dole ne a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin sa'a 168 sai dai idan an adana su a ƙarƙashin yanayin bushewa mai sarrafawa (<10% RH).
• Lakabi da Akwatin Kati:An ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun lakabin reel da akwatin jigilar kaya na ƙarshe.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Umarnin Reflow Solder na SMT

Wani sashe na musamman yana ba da umarni don tsarin reflow solder. Wannan yawanci ya haɗa da shawarar tsarin zafin reflow, yana ƙayyade mahimman ma'auni kamar zafin preheat da lokaci, matsakaicin zafin jiki, da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa. Bin wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga fakitin LED ko guntu na ciki da haɗin waya. Yawanci ana ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki da jikin LED zai iya fuskanta.

5.2 Matakan Kula

Dole ne a kiyaye mahimman matakan kariya don hana lalacewa:

• Kariya ta ESD:Ko da yake an ƙididdige shi don 8000V HBM, ya kamata a yi amfani da sarrafawa na ESD na yau da kullun (tashoshin aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu) yayin sarrafawa.
• Damuwa ta Injiniya:Kauce wa amfani da ƙarfin injiniya ko girgiza kai tsaye zuwa ruwan tabarau na LED.
• Gurbatawa:Kiyaye saman LED tsafta. Kauce wa taɓa ruwan tabarau da hannu ko fallasa shi ga kaushi waɗanda zasu iya lalata silicone ko epoxy.
• Sarrafa Ƙarfin Lantarki:Koyaushe ku tuka LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin, ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin ba, don hana guduwar zafi. Tabbatar da cewa ba a wuce matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar la'akari da juriya na zafi da ƙarfin aiki.
• Ajiya:Bayan an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi, bi jagororin MSL 2. Ajiye sassan da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin akwati mai bushewa idan ba a yi amfani da su ba cikin sa'o'i 168.

6. Aminci da Gwaji

Samfurin yana fuskantar jerin gwaje-gwajen aminci bisa jagororin AEC-Q102. Tsarin gwaji ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar Rayuwar Aiki mai Zafi (HTOL), Kewayawar Zafin Jiki (TC), Ƙarfin Baya mai Zafi mai Zafi (H3TRB), da sauransu. An ƙayyade takamaiman yanayin gwaji (zafin jiki, tsawon lokaci, son zuciya). Hakanan an ƙayyade ma'auni don yanke hukunci bayan gwaji, wanda zai iya haɗawa da iyakoki akan canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin gaba, yawan haske, ko bayyanar gazawar bala'i.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Babban aikace-aikacen shine hasken motoci, yana amfani da ingancin sa na AEC-Q102, faɗin kewayon zafin jiki, da ƙarfin fakitin.

• Hasken Waje:Fitilun Gudu na Rana (DRLs), fitilun matsayi, alamun juyawa, fitilun tsakiyar tsayi (CHMSL), da hasken ciki kamar hasken baya na dashboard, hasken maɓalli, da hasken yanayi.
• Hasken Gabaɗaya:Ana iya amfani da shi a wasu aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintaccen LED SMD mai haske mai ƙarfi tare da faɗin kusurwar katako.

7.2 La'akari da Ƙira

• Ƙirar Zafi:Mafi mahimmancin al'amari. Yi amfani da juriya na zafi (16 °C/W mafi girma) da rushewar wutar lantarki (VF * IF) don ƙididdige haɓakar zafi daga wurin solder zuwa haɗin gwiwa (ΔTj = RθJ-S * PD). Tabbatar da cewa PCB yana da isassun ramuka na zafi da yankin tagulla don watsar da zafi da kiyaye Tj ƙasa da 150°C. A kiyaye yadda ake saka idanu kan zafin filin yayin tabbatar da ƙira.
• Ƙirar Gani:Kusurwar gani na 120° ta kasance ga fakitin. Don na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nunawa), wannan faɗin tsarin fitarwa yana aiki azaman shigarwa. Yi la'akari da rarrabawar launi don kiyaye daidaiton launi a cikin LED da yawa a cikin jeri.
• Ƙirar Lantarki:Yi amfani da da'irar direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin. Yi la'akari da kewayon rarrabawar ƙarfin gaba lokacin ƙirar ƙarfin lantarki na direba. Haɗa da kariya ta polarity idan LED zai iya fuskantar ƙarfin baya.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Tambaya: Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED a matsakaicin ƙarfinsa na ci gaba na 420mA?

A: Kuna iya, amma kawai idan ƙirar ku ta zafi ta isa don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa ƙasa da 150°C. A 420mA da matsakaicin VF na 3.1V, wutar lantarki tana kusan 1.3W. Tare da juriya na zafi na 16°C/W, haɓakar zafi daga wurin solder zai kasance ~21°C. Idan zafin filin PCB ya kasance 80°C, haɗin gwiwa zai kasance a 101°C, wanda ya yarda. Koyaushe ku ƙididdige bisa yanayin zafi na aikace-aikacen ku na musamman.

Tambaya: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙimar 'Yau da Kullun' da 'Kwandon Shara' don haske da ƙarfin lantarki?

A: Ƙimar 'Yau da Kullun' (misali, 85 lm) ita ce matsakaicin ƙimar da ake tsammani daga rarraba samarwa. Kewayon 'Kwandon Shara' (misali, QA, QB, RA) su ne ainihin ƙungiyoyin da aka rarraba waɗanda za ku iya saya. Lokacin yin oda, za ku zaɓi takamaiman kwandon shara (ko haɗin kwandon VF da Kwandon Hasken) don tabbatar da cewa ma'auni na sassan da aka kawo sun faɗi cikin waɗannan ƙunƙun, ƙayyadaddun kewayon don ingantaccen daidaito a cikin samfurin ku.

Tambaya: MSL shine Mataki na 2. Menene wannan ke nufi ga tsarin samarwa na?

A: MSL 2 yana nufin abubuwan za su iya kasancewa a bene na masana'antu (≤30°C/60% RH) har zuwa shekara guda a cikin jakarsu da aka rufe. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, kuna da sa'o'i 168 (mako 1) don kammala solder kafin sassan su ɗauki danshi da yawa, wanda zai iya haifar da fashewar popcorn (tsagewar fakitin) yayin reflow. Idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci, ajiye reel ɗin da aka buɗe a cikin akwati mai bushewa tare da<10% danshi na dangi.

9. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha

9.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali

Wannan LED fari ne da aka canza phosphor. Tushen shine guntu semiconductor wanda ke fitar da hasken shuɗi lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta (electroluminescence). Wannan guntu shuɗi an lulluɓe shi da Layer na phosphor rawaya (ko gauraye ja da kore). Wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi yana sha ta hanyar phosphor kuma ana sake fitar da shi azaman hasken rawaya/ja mai tsayi. Haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya/ja da aka canza yana bayyana fari ga idon mutum. Ainihin inuwar fari (sanyi, tsaka-tsaki, dumi) ana ƙayyade shi ta hanyar abun da ke ciki da kauri na Layer phosphor.

9.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Amfani da fakitin EMC don LED masu matsakaicin ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan samfurin, yana wakiltar babban al'ada zuwa ingantaccen aminci da mafi girman yawan wutar lantarki. Kayan EMC suna ba da mafi kyawun juriya ga zafi da hasken UV fiye da robobi na PPA ko PCT na gargajiya, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin raguwar lumen da canjin launi akan lokaci. Tura don ingancin AEC-Q102 a cikin masu samar da LED na motoci yana daidaita tsammanin aminci. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba mai ci gaba don mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), mafi ƙarancin daidaiton launi (ƙananan yankuna na kwandon shara akan zanen CIE), da ingantaccen aikin zafi don ba da damar mafi girman ƙarfin tuƙi a cikin ƙananan siffofi.