Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayani Gaba ɗaya na Samfur
- 1.1 Mabuɗin Fasali
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Girman Kunshe-kunshe
- 3. Halayen Lantarki da Gani (a Ts=25°C)
- 3.1 Wutar Gaba (Vf)
- 3.2 Haske Flux (Φv) a IF=30mA
- 3.3 Kusurwar Kallo, CRI, da Juriya na Zafi
- 4. Matsakaici mafi Girma
- 5. Tsarin Rabe-raben
- 6. Lankwasawa na Halayen Gani na Yau da Kullun
- 6.1 Wutar Gaba vs. Wutar Gaba (Lankwasawar I-V)
- 6.2 Wutar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Dangi
- 6.3 Tasirin Zafin Fistan
- 6.4 Tsarin Rarrabawa
- 6.5 Rarraba Bakan
- 7. Bayani na Injiniya da Kunshe-kunshe
- 7.1 Tef da Reel na Jigilar Kaya
- 7.2 Bayanin Lakabin
- 7.3 Kunshe-kunshe na Juriya na Damshi
- 8. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa
- 8.1 Tsarin Siyarwa na Reflow
- 8.2 Siyarwa da Hannu
- 8.3 Hula Kan Injiniya
- 9. Kariya na Ajiya da Hula
- 9.1 Yanayin Ajiya
- 9.2 Kariya na ESD
- 9.3 Daidaitawa da Sinadarai
- 9.4 Tsarin Zafin
- 10. Gwajin Dogaro
- 11. Bayanan Aikace-aikace
- 12. Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Bayanan Kasuwa da Ci Gaba
- 14. Tambayoyi da Yawaita
- 14.1 Zan iya tuka waɗannan LEDs a 60 mA?
- 14.2 Menene shawarar ajiya na ɗanshi?
- 14.3 Yaya zan tabbatar da daidaiton launi a duk faɗin LEDs?
- 14.4 Shin LED yana da juriya ga muhallin sulfur?
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayani Gaba ɗaya na Samfur
Wannan fari SMD LED an kera shi ta hanyar amfani da chip mai shuɗi da phosphor don samar da hasken fari. Yana da kunshe-kunshe na PLCC-2 tare da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi sosai, wanda ya dace da duk tsarin hada SMT da siyarwa. Samfur yana samuwa a kan tef da reel tare da 4000 guda a kowace reel, kuma yana bin ka'idojin RoHS. Matsayin laushi na damshi shine 3.
1.1 Mabuɗin Fasali
- Kunshe-kunshe na PLCC-2 na saman hawa
- Kusurwar kallo mai faɗi sosai (120 digiri a 50% Iv)
- Ya dace da duk tsarin hada SMT da siyarwa
- Ana samuwa a cikin kunshe-kunshe na tef da reel (4000pcs/reel)
- Matsayin laushi na damshi: 3
- Ya yarda da RoHS
1.2 Aikace-aikace
- Alamun gani
- Nunin cikin gida
- Haske na ado
- Aikace-aikacen haske na gaba ɗaya
2. Girman Kunshe-kunshe
Girman kunshe-kunshe shine 3.0 x 1.4 x 0.8 mm (tsayi x fadi x tsayi). Duk dimensiyoyin suna a cikin millimita tare da jurewa ±0.2 mm sai dai in an faɗi akasin haka. An nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar akan jikin kunshe-kunshe.
3. Halayen Lantarki da Gani (a Ts=25°C)
Ana bayar da sigogin da ke gaba a gaban wutar gaba na 30 mA sai dai in an faɗi akasin haka.
3.1 Wutar Gaba (Vf)
An raba wutar gaba zuwa matsayi: G1 (2.7-2.8V), G2 (2.8-2.9V), H1 (2.9-3.0V), H2 (3.0-3.1V), I1 (3.1-3.2V), I2 (3.2-3.3V), da J1 (3.3-3.4V).
3.2 Haske Flux (Φv) a IF=30mA
Dangane da matsayin zafin launi, ana ba da kewayon haske flux:
- Don 6000-6500K (RF-65HK13DS-ED-F-Y): OFA (9-10 lm), OHA (10-11 lm), PEA (11-12 lm), PFA (12-13 lm)
- Don 5510-6120K (RF-60HK13DS-ED-F-Y): kewayon makamancin haka da OGA (10-11 lm), OHA (10-11 lm), PEA (11-12 lm), PFA (12-13 lm), PGA (14-15 lm)
- Don 3700-4258K (RF-40HK13DS-ED-F-Y): OGA (10-11 lm), OHA (10-11 lm), PEA (11-12 lm), PFA (12-13 lm), PGA (14-15 lm)
- Don 2825-3050K (RF-30HK13DS-ED-F-Y): OGA (10-11 lm), OHA (10-11 lm), PEA (11-12 lm), PFA (12-13 lm)
- Don 2650-2868K (RF-27HK13DS-ED-F-Y): OGA (10-11 lm), OHA (10-11 lm), PEA (11-12 lm), PFA (12-13 lm), PGA (14-15 lm)
Haske flux na yau da kullun kusan 10.9 lm ne a 6000-6500K da 11.5 lm a 4000K. Juriyar auna shine ±10%.
3.3 Kusurwar Kallo, CRI, da Juriya na Zafi
- Kusurwar kallo a 50% Iv: 120 digiri
- Alama mai nuna launi (Ra): 80 (mafi ƙarami)
- Juriya na zafi Rth(j-s): 115 °C/W
- Wutar baya (IR) a VF=5V: 10 μA (mafi girma)
4. Matsakaici mafi Girma
| Siga | Alama | Matsayi | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki | Pd | 136 | mW |
| Wutar Gaba | IF | 40 | mA |
| Matsayin Wutar Gaba (1/10 duty, 0.1ms pulse) | IFP | 100 | mA |
| Wutar Baya | VR | 5 | V |
| ESD (HBM) | ESD | 2000 | V |
| Zafin Aiki | Topr | -40 zuwa +85 | °C |
| Zafin Ajiya | Tstg | -40 zuwa +100 | °C |
| Zafin Haɗa | Tj | 95 | °C |
Dole a kula da cewa ƙarfin lantarki bai wuce matsakaicin matsaya ba. Ya kamata a ƙayyade matsakaicin wutar gaba bisa ga sarrafa zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗa ƙasa da 95°C.
5. Tsarin Rabe-raben
An raba LEDs gwargwadon wutar gaba, haske flux, da daidaitawar launi. Tsarin daidaitawar launi ya haɗa da rabo da yawa kamar WP2, WK2, WP3, WK3, NP3, NK3, da dai sauransu, kowanne an ayyana shi ta hanyar CIE xy guda huɗu. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaito a launi da haske ga kowane aikace-aikace.
6. Lankwasawa na Halayen Gani na Yau da Kullun
6.1 Wutar Gaba vs. Wutar Gaba (Lankwasawar I-V)
A 30 mA, wutar gaba kusan 3.0V ne na yau da kullun. Lankwasawar tana nuna karuwar wutar da ake tsammani tare da wutar sama da iyakar.
6.2 Wutar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Dangi
Ƙarfin dangi yana karuwa kusan tafiya daidai da wutar gaba tsakanin 10 mA da 40 mA.
6.3 Tasirin Zafin Fistan
Yayin da zafin fistan ya karu daga 25°C zuwa 95°C, haske flux na dangi yana raguwa a hankali. Wutar gaba kuma tana raguwa kaɗan tare da zafi (kusan -2 mV/°C). Ya kamata a rage wutar gaba a manyan zafin don guje wa wuce zafin haɗa.
6.4 Tsarin Rarrabawa
Tsarin rarrabawa yana nuna kusurwar katako mai faɗi tare da ƙarfin dangi kusan daidai daga -60° zuwa +60°, yana raguwa zuwa 50% a kusan ±60°, daidai da aikin kusurwa 120°.
6.5 Rarraba Bakan
Bakan ya nuna wani tsatsa a yankin shuɗi (~450 nm) daga chip da kuma wani tsatsa mai faffaɗa ruwan phosphor. Domin daban-daban zafin launi (6500K, 4000K, 3000K), ƙarfin dangi na tsatsa shuɗi yana raguwa yayin da CCT ya ragu, yana haifar da bayyanar daɗi.
7. Bayani na Injiniya da Kunshe-kunshe
7.1 Tef da Reel na Jigilar Kaya
An kunshe LED a cikin tef tare da tazarar 4 mm da diamitar reel 180 mm (na yau da kullun). An yi alamar polarity a kan tef. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da 4000 guda.
7.2 Bayanin Lakabin
Lakabin ya haɗa da lambar kashi, lambar ƙayyadaddun bayani, lambar lot, lambar rabo na haske flux, rabon chromaticity, matsayin wutar gaba, adadi, da lambar kwanan wata.
7.3 Kunshe-kunshe na Juriya na Damshi
Ana aika samfur a cikin jakunkuna masu hana damshi tare da desiccant don kiyaye ƙananan ɗanshi. Bayan buɗewa, dole a yi amfani da LEDs a cikin sa'o'i 24 idan an adana a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH, ko kuma a gasa su a 60±5°C na fiye da sa'o'i 24.
8. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa
8.1 Tsarin Siyarwa na Reflow
Tsarin reflow da aka ba da shawara: Preheating daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120; haɓaka zuwa 217°C tare da lokaci sama da 217°C wanda bai wuce daƙiƙa 60 ba; matsakaicin zafin 260°C don ba fiye da daƙiƙa 10 ba; sanyaya a ≤6°C/s. Bai kamata a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu ba, kuma idan lokacin tsakanin refloe ya wuce sa'o'i 24, dole ne a gasa LEDs.
8.2 Siyarwa da Hannu
Dole a yi siyarwa da hannu tare da zafin ƙarfe ƙasa da 300°C na ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3, sau ɗaya kawai.
8.3 Hula Kan Injiniya
Kayan kunshe-kunshe shine silicone, mai laushi. Guji matsa lamba a saman sama. Yi amfani da nozzles masu ɗauka da sarrafa ƙarfi. Kada a lanƙwasa PCB bayan siyarwa.
9. Kariya na Ajiya da Hula
9.1 Yanayin Ajiya
Kafin buɗe jakar aluminum: ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤75% RH har zuwa shekara ɗaya daga bayarwa. Bayan buɗewa: yi amfani a cikin sa'o'i 24 a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan ba a yi amfani ba, gasa a 60±5°C na sa'o'i 24.
9.2 Kariya na ESD
LED yana da hankali ga fitar da lantarki (ESD) har zuwa 2000V HBM. Ya kamata a ɗauki matakin kariya na ESD yayin hula da haɗawa.
9.3 Daidaitawa da Sinadarai
Guji fallasa ga mahadi na sulfur sama da 100 ppm. Dole a sarrafa abun ciki na halogen (chlorine da bromine). Yi amfani da kayan wanke-wanke da aka amince da su kawai kamar isopropyl alcohol; ba a ba da shawarar wanke-wanke ta ultrasonic ba.
9.4 Tsarin Zafin
Haɓaka zafi na iya rage haske ta hanyar aiki da canza launi. Tabbatar da isasshen sarrafa zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗa ƙasa da 95°C. Juriya na zafi na 115°C/W yana nufin cewa a 30 mA, ɓatar da wutar kusan 0.1W ne, yana haifar da hauhawar zafi kusan 11.5°C sama da wurin siyarwa.
10. Gwajin Dogaro
Samfur ya ci jarrabawar dogaro masu zuwa: reflow siyarwa (sau biyu a 260°C), girgiza zafi (-40°C zuwa 100°C, kewaye 300), ajiya a babban zafi (100°C, sa'o'i 1000), ajiya a ƙananan zafi (-40°C, sa'o'i 1000), gwajin rayuwa a 30 mA da 25°C (sa'o'i 1000), da gwajin rayuwa a babban zafi da ɗanshi (60°C/90%RH, 30 mA, sa'o'i 1000). Abubuwan da aka gwada: canjin Vf ≤10%, kiyaye haske flux ≥90%, babu buɗe/gajarta/kyalli.
11. Bayanan Aikace-aikace
Don kyakkyawan aiki, yi amfani da tuki na wutar baki tare da resistors masu iyakance wutar. Wutar gaba ta yau da kullun ita ce 30 mA, amma ana iya daidaita ta har zuwa 40 mA matsakaicin. Ka yi la'akari da juriyar rabo don daidaito a cikin da'ira. Kusurwar kallo mai faɗi ya sa waɗannan LEDs su dace da aikace-aikacen alama da haske na baya. Saboda kunshe-kunshe na silicone, guji kamuwa da ƙura kuma share da isopropyl alcohol idan an buƙata.
12. Ka'idar Aiki
Wannan fari LED yana amfani da chip mai shuɗi na InGaN wanda ke fitar da phosphor mai ruwan rawaya (yawanci YAG:Ce). Haɗa hasken shuɗi da rawaya yana samar da hasken fari. Ana samun daban-daban zafin launi ta hanyar daidaita abun ciki da yawan phosphor.
13. Bayanan Kasuwa da Ci Gaba
Hanyar masana'antu tana ci gaba zuwa mafi kyawun aiki, ƙananan girma, da ingancin launi. Wannan kunshe-kunshe na PLCC-2 yana ba da daidaiton girma da aikin zafi. Ingantattun fasahar phosphor sun ba da damar faɗin launi mai faɗi da ƙimar CRI mafi girma. Samfur yana yarda da RoHS kuma ya dace da aikace-aikacen haske na gaba ɗaya.
14. Tambayoyi da Yawaita
14.1 Zan iya tuka waɗannan LEDs a 60 mA?
A'a, matsakaicin wutar gaba ita ce 40 mA. Don amintaccen aiki, tsaya a cikin 30 mA na yau da kullun ko ƙira tare da ragewa don zafi.
14.2 Menene shawarar ajiya na ɗanshi?
Kafin buɗe jakar, ajiye a ≤75% RH. Bayan buɗewa, yi amfani a cikin sa'o'i 24 a ≤60% RH ko gasa kafin amfani.
14.3 Yaya zan tabbatar da daidaiton launi a duk faɗin LEDs?
Yi amfani da LEDs daga wannan rabo (rabon chromaticity da flux) kuma tabbatar da isasshen sarrafa zafi.
14.4 Shin LED yana da juriya ga muhallin sulfur?
Kunshe-kunshe na LED shine silicone, wanda yake da hankali ga mahadi na sulfur. Kiyaye yawan sulfur ƙasa da 100 ppm a muhalli.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |