Takaddun Bayanai na 3.0mm x 3.0mm x 0.55mm LED Mai Zafi (SMD) - 2.0-2.6V Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba - ~1.09W Yawan Watsa Wutar Lantarki - Takaddun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanan fasaha don Fitila mai haske mai ƙarfi (LED) mai launin rawaya da ake kira "Surface-Mount Device" (SMD). Na'urar tana amfani da guntun semiconductor na AlGaInP don samar da hasken rawaya kuma an saka ta cikin fakitin da ba shi da girma, 3.0 mm x 3.0 mm x 0.55 mm. Da farko an ƙera shi don buƙatu masu ƙarfi na masana'antar mota, wannan LED yana ba da haɗin gwiwar aiki, aminci, da dacewa da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik.

1.1 Zurfin Binciken Sifofin Fasaha

Sifofin ainihi suna bayyana iyakokin aiki da aikin LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka saba (Ts=25°C). Matsakaicin ƙimar iyaka yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci kuma ba za a iya wuce gona da iri ba. An ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) tsakanin 2.0V zuwa 2.6V a gwajin halin yanzu na 350mA, yana nuna raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan diode lokacin da ta haskaka. Fitowar ƙarfin haske tana tasowa daga 40.9 lm zuwa 55.3 lm a wannan halin yanzu, yana bayyana haskensa. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa (λD) yana cikin bakan hasken rawaya, musamman tsakanin 587.5 nm zuwa 595 nm. Babban kusurwar kallon haske na 120 digiri (na al'ada) yana tabbatar da haske mai fadi da daidaito. Manyan matsakaicin ƙimar iyaka sun haɗa da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 420 mA, mafi girman halin yanzu na gaba (IFP) na 700 mA a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan bugun jini, ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, da juriyar watsi da tashin hankali na lantarki (ESD) na 2000V (HBM). An ƙayyade kewayon zafin jiki da ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +125°C, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki (TJ) na 150°C.

1.2 Abubuwan Amfani na Musamman da Kasuwar Manufa

An ƙera LED ɗin tare da siffofi masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda suka sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen dogon aminci. Yana amfani da fakitin Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC), wanda ke ba da juriya mafi girma ga zafi da hasken ultraviolet idan aka kwatanta da robobi na gargajiya, yana ƙarfafa kwanciyar hankali na launi na dogon lokaci da kiyaye haske. Babban kusurwar kallonsa ta yada shi kyakkyawan abu ne don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen hasken yanki. Samfurin ya dace gaba ɗaya da daidaitattun tsarin haɗawa da gyaran gami da Surface-Mount Technology (SMT), yana sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar samfura masu yawa. Ana ba da shi akan tef da reeli don kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik. Ya cika buƙatun Matsakaicin Hankan Danshi (MSL) 2 kuma ya bi umarnin RoHS. Mafi mahimmanci, gwajin cancantar sa ya yi daidai da jagorar AEC-Q102 don gwajin cancantar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran semiconductor na mota, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai ƙarfi ga kasuwar manufa ta farko: fitilu na mota, don aikace-aikacen ciki da na waje.

2. Zurfin Bayanan Fasaha

2.1 Siffofin Hoto da Lantarki

Aikin hoto ya ta'allaka ne a kan gwajin halin yanzu na 350mA. Tsarin rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba an raba shi zuwa kewayon uku: C0 (2.0-2.2V), D0 (2.2-2.4V), da E0 (2.4-2.6V). Ana bin ƙarfin haske iri ɗaya zuwa NB (40.9-45.3 lm), OA (45.3-50.0 lm), da OB (50.0-55.3 lm). An rarraba mafi girman tsawon raƙuman ruwa zuwa D2 (587.5-590 nm), E1 (590-592.5 nm), da E2 (592.5-595 nm). Wannan rarrabuwar ma'auni uku (Ƙarfin Lantarki, Ƙarfin Hasken, Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa) yana bawa masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da ke da sifofi masu matsayi mai matsayi don ci gaba da aiki a aikace-aikacensu. Juriyar zafi, wani mahimmin ma'auni don gudanar da zafin jiki, an ƙayyade shi a matsayin Rth JS na ainihi = 11°C/W (na al'ada) da Rth JS na lantarki = 9°C/W (na al'ada), wanda aka auna daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin gami. Waɗannan ƙimar suna da mahimmanci don lissafin zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaicin 150°C.

2.2 Binciken Lankwasa Aiki

Yayin da ake ambaton bayanan hoto na musamman a cikin takardar asali, lankwasan halayen gani na al'ada don irin wannan samfurin zai haɗa da mahimman makirufo da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira da zafin jiki. Lankwasa Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I-V) yana nuna dangantakar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Hasken Dangi da Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana kwatanta yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba a mafi girman halin yanzu saboda tasirin dumama. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Hasken Dangi da Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci, yana nuna raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin jiki na LED ya tashi; Gudanar da zafin jiki mai inganci ya zama dole don rage wannan faɗuwar. Lankwasar Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan zai nuna kololuwar a babban tsawon raƙuman rawaya da siffar bakan hasken da aka fitar. A ƙarshe, Tsarin Kusurwar Kallo zai kwatanta rarraba ƙarfin haske a sarari, yana tabbatar da babban kusurwar hasken 120 digiri.

3. Injiniya, Kunshin & Haɗawa

3.1 Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

LED ɗin yana da ƙaramin ƙafar ƙafa tare da girma na 3.0 mm tsawon, 3.0 mm faɗi, da tsayi na 0.55 mm. Cikakkun zane-zanen girma sun haɗa da ra'ayoyin sama, gefe, da ƙasa. Duban ƙasa yana nuna filaye na anode da cathode, wanda bai yi daidai ba don tabbatar da daidaitaccen polarity yayin sanyawa. An ba da tsari na guntun gami da aka ba da shawarar (tsarin ƙasa) don ƙirar Allon Da'ira (PCB), tare da girma na 2.40 mm x 1.55 mm don guntun cathode da 0.55 mm x 0.65 mm don guntun anode, tare da tazara na 0.50 mm tsakanin su. Yin bin wannan tsarin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don samun haɗin gami mai dogaro da daidaitaccen kai-da-kai yayin sake kunnawa.

3.2 Jagororin Sanyaya Sanyaya da Haɗawa

An ƙera kayan aikin don daidaitattun hanyoyin gyarawa na SMT. An ba da takamaiman umarni don tabbatar da dogaro. Matsakaicin Hankan Danshi (MSL) an rarraba shi a matsayin Mataki na 2. Wannan yana nufin cewa na'urar za a iya fallasa shi ga yanayin yanayin masana'anta (≤ 30°C / 60% RH) har zuwa shekara guda. Idan an buɗe jakar kariya ta danshi, dole ne a gyara abubuwan cikin sa'o'i 168 (mako 1) a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, sai dai idan an gasa su bisa ga daidaitattun hanyoyin (misali, 125°C na awanni 24) don kawar da danshin da aka sha. Rashin bin hanyoyin MSL na iya haifar da fashewar gasa ko rabuwa yayin aikin gyarawa mai zafi. Daidaitaccen bayanin sake kunnawa mara gubar tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda bai wuce 260°C ba yana aiki.

3.3 Kunshin da Bayanin Oda

Ana ba da LED ɗin da aka kunna don haɗawa ta atomatik. An saka su a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da ƙayyadaddun aljihu don riƙe abu na 3.0x3.0mm da aminci. Ana jujjuya wannan tef ɗin zuwa reels na yau da kullun. Girman reel (kamar diamita na waje, diamita na cibiya, da faɗi) sun yi daidai da ka'idojin masana'antu na gama gari (kamar EIA-481) don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin sanyawa ta atomatik. Lakabi akan reel yana ba da bayanan ganowa, gami da lambar sashe, adadi, lambar kuri'a, da lambar kwanan wata. Don ajiya da jigilar kaya, ana kunna reels da yawa a cikin jakunkunan kariya na danshi tare da busasshiyar abinci da katunan nuna danshi don kiyaye ƙimar MSL 2, sannan a saka su a cikin akwatunan kati.

4. Injiniyan Aikace-aikace & Tunani na Ƙira

4.1 Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Bayanan Ƙira

Aikace-aikacen farko shine fitilu na mota. Wannan ya haɗa da aikace-aikacen ciki kamar hasken baya na dashboard, hasken maɓalli, da hasken muhalli, da kuma aikace-aikacen waje kamar fitilun alamar gefe, alamun canza hanya, da fitilun gudun rana (sau da yawa tare da wasu launuka). Lokacin ƙira tare da wannan LED, gudanar da zafin jiki shine mafi mahimmanci. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 420mA bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba tare da katsewa ba tare da tabbatar da cewa zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da 150°C ba. Dole ne masu ƙira su lissafta zafin jiki (Tj) ta amfani da dabara: Tj = Ts + (Rth JS * PD), inda Ts shine zafin wurin gami, Rth JS shine juriyar zafi, kuma PD shine watsawar wutar lantarki (VF * IF). Isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (guntun zafi) da yuwuwar ɓatar da zafin jiki sun zama dole don tarwatsa zafi. Da'irar direba yakamata ta kasance mai sarrafa halin yanzu, ba mai sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki ba, don tabbatar da daidaitaccen fitowar haske da hana guduwar zafi.

4.2 Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambancewa

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran LED ɗin rawaya ko kuma fitilun incandescent na gargajiya don amfanin mota, wannan na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi na musamman. Dangane da sauran SMD rawaya, cancantar AEC-Q102 ɗinsa shine bambanci mai mahimmanci don dogaron matsayin mota. Amfani da fakitin EMC yana ba da mafi kyawun riƙe aikin a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da ɗanɗano idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun robobi na PPA ko PCT. Ƙafar ƙafarsa ta 3.0x3.0mm girman girma ne na gama gari, yana ba da ma'auni tsakanin fitowar haske da sararin allo. Idan aka kwatanta da LED ɗin ramin rami, tsarin SMD yana ba da damar ƙirar ƙira ƙanana, masu sauƙi, da ƙarin atomatik. Babban kusurwar kallo na 120 digiri yana rage adadin LED ɗin da ake buƙata don daidaitaccen haske idan aka kwatanta da na'urori masu kunkuntar kusurwa.

4.3 Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sifofin Fasaha)

Q: Mene ne shawarar halin yanzu na aiki?

A: Duk da cewa matsakaicin iyaka shine 420mA, daidaitaccen gwaji da yanayin rarrabawa shine 350mA. Wannan shine wurin aiki na yau da kullun wanda ke daidaita kyakkyawan fitowar haske tare da samar da zafi mai iya gudanarwa. Dole ne a ƙayyade ainihin halin yanzu na aiki dangane da ƙirar zafin jiki na aikace-aikacen.

Q: Yaya zan fassara kwandon VF, Flux, da WD?

A: An siffanta samfurin zuwa kwandon don ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (C0/D0/E0), ƙarfin haske (NB/OA/OB), da babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa (D2/E1/E2). Za a haɗa lambar sashe da aka yi oda tare da lambobin da ke ƙayyade haɗin kwandon, yana tabbatar da cewa kuna karɓar LED ɗin tare da daidaitattun kaddarorin lantarki da na gani.

Q: Me yasa ake ba da juriyar zafi a matsayin ƙima daban-daban guda biyu (\"na ainihi\" da \"na lantarki\")?

A: \"Na ainihi\" juriyar zafi ana aunawa ta amfani da na'urar auna zafin jiki. Hanyar \"lantarki\" tana ƙididdige zafin jiki daga canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED, wanda ya dogara da zafin jiki. Dukansu suna da inganci; Hanyar lantarki sau da yawa tafi amfani da ita don auna wuri, yayin da ainihin hanyar ita ce daidaitawa kai tsaye.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadatawar 5V?

A: Ba kai tsaye ba tare da da'irar iyakance halin yanzu ba. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba kawai 2.0-2.6V. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 5V zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu don gudana, yana lalata na'urar nan da nan. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jeri ko, gwamma, da'irar direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu.

5. Zurfin Fasaha: Ƙa'idodi da Mahallin

5.1 Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Hasken rawaya ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar electroluminescence a cikin semiconductors na aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n na diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman ƙarfin bandgap na abun da ke cikin kayan AlGaInP yana ƙayyade tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. A wannan yanayin, an ƙera bandgap don samar da photons a cikin yankin rawaya na bakan da ake iya gani (kimanin 590 nm). Abun da ke tattare da Epoxy molding compound (EMC) yana kare guntun semiconductor, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, kuma yana siffanta fitowar haske ta hanyar ƙirar ruwan tabarau don cimma babban kusurwar kallo.

5.2 Nazarin Shari'ar Aikace-aikace

Yi la'akari da ƙirar hasken puddle na mota, wanda ke haskaka haske a ƙasa lokacin da aka buɗe kofa. Mai zira kira zai iya zaɓar 2-4 daga cikin waɗannan LED ɗin rawaya don tasiri mai dumi, maraba. Za su ƙirƙiri ƙaramin PCB tare da tsarin guntun gami da aka ba da shawarar. LED ɗin za a tuƙa su ta hanyar da'irar mai sauƙi mai tsayayyen halin yanzu, ƙila an haɗa su cikin kayan sarrafa jiki, da aka saita zuwa 300-350mA kowane LED. Babban kusurwar kallo na 120 digiri na LED yana tabbatar da fadi, daidaitaccen tafkin haske ba tare da wuraren duhu ba, yana rage adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata. Cancantar AEC-Q102 tana tabbatar da cewa fitilun za su yi aiki da aminci a duk faɗin kewayon zafin jiki na mota, daga sanyi mai daskarewa zuwa zafin rani, da kuma tsawon rayuwar mota. Kunshin EMC yana tabbatar da launin rawaya baya canzawa sosai akan lokaci saboda zafi daga LED ɗin kanta ko fallasa hasken rana.

5.3 Yanayin Masana'antu da Mahallin

Yin amfani da LED a cikin fitilu na mota yana ci gaba da girma, wanda ke haifar da fa'idodi a cikin ingantaccen makamashi, sassauƙan ƙira, ƙaramin girma, da tsawon rayuwa. Akwai wata hanya bayyananna zuwa mafi ƙwararrun ayyukan haske, kamar alamun canza hanya masu rai da daidaitaccen hasken muhalli. LED ɗin rawaya ya kasance mahimmanci don takamaiman ayyukan sigina (alamun juyawa) da kuma don kyakkyawan hasken muhalli. Masana'antar tana buƙatar ƙarin manyan ƙa'idodin dogaro da aiki, wanda ke nunawa a cikin karɓar jagororin kamar AEC-Q102. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba da ci gaba don inganta inganci (lumens kowace watt) da daidaiton launi na LED, da kuma haɓaka kayan kunshin don mafi kyawun aikin zafi da tsawon rai a cikin mawuyacin yanayin mota. Ƙaura zuwa ƙananan, mafi ƙarfi kunshin suma yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar ƙira mai haske.