Ingantaccen Sanya Kayan Aikin Chip Masu Aiki da Kansu Ta Amfani da Koyon Injin

Table of Contents

1. Gabatarwa

Fasahar Sanya Saman (SMT) tana wakiltar ci gaba mai muhimmanci a cikin kayan aikin lantarki, inda ake sanya kayan aikin kai tsaye akan allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs) kuma ake haɗa su na dindindin ta hanyar sake yin gini. A yayin wannan tsari, tasirin daidaituwa yana faruwa lokacin da narkakken manna gami ya haifar da ƙarfin tashin hankali na saman wanda ke motsa abubuwan zuwa matsayinsu na daidaito, yana gyara kurakuran sanyawa na farko.

Yanayin ƙananan kayan lantarki yana gabatar da ƙalubale masu yawa don daidaiton sanyan kayan aikin. Ƙananan fakitoci masu yawan gubar suna buƙatar daidaito da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, yayin da tasirin daidaituwa zai iya taimakawa ko hana matsayi na ƙarshe. Wannan binciken yana magance matukar buƙatar fahimta da hasashen waɗannan motsi don inganta sigogin sanyawa na farko.

2. Hanyar Aiki

2.1 Algorithms na Koyon Injin

Binciken yana amfani da algorithms biyu masu ƙarfi na koyon injin don hasashen daidaituwar kayan aikin:

• Regression na Tallafan Vector (SVR): Yana da tasiri don sararin samaniya mai girma da alaƙar da ba ta layi ba
• Regression na Gandun Daji bazuwar (RFR): Hanyar haɗaɗɗiya tana ba da ingantaccen daidaito da binciken muhimmancin fasali

An horar da waɗannan samfuran don hasashen matsayi na ƙarshe na kayan aikin a cikin x, y, da hanyoyin juyawa dangane da sigogin sanyawa na farko da halayen manna gami.

2.2 Samfurin Ingantacce

An ƙirƙira samfurin ingantacce mara layi (NLP) don tantance mafi kyawun sigogin sanyawa na farko. Aikin manufa yana rage nisan Euclidean tsakanin hasashen matsayi na ƙarshe da cibiyar kushin manufa:

$$\min \sqrt{(x_f - x_i)^2 + (y_f - y_i)^2 + (\theta_f - \theta_i)^2}$$

Inda $x_f$, $y_f$, $\theta_f$ suke wakiltar matsayi na ƙarshe kuma $x_i$, $y_i$, $\theta_i$ suna wakiltar matsayi masu kyau.

3. Sakamakon Gwaji

3.1 Aikin Hasashe

Regression na Gandun Daji bazuwar ya nuna mafi girman aiki idan aka kwatanta da SVR a cikin dacewar samfuri da ma'aunin kuskure. RFR ya sami ingantaccen hasashe a duk shari'o'in gwaji, tare da ƙarfi na musamman a cikin sarrafa alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin sigogin sanyawa da matsayi na ƙarshe.

3.2 Sakamakon Ingantacce

An gwada samfurin ingantacce akan kayan aikin samfura 6, inda ya sami mafi ƙarancin nisan Euclidean na 25.57 μm daga matsayin cibiyar kushin manufa. Wannan yana wakiltar ingantacciyar ci gaba akan hanyoyin sanyawa na gargajiya waɗanda ba sa la'akari da tasirin daidaituwa.

4. Bincike na Fasaha

Ginshiƙin Fahimta

Wannan binciken yana ƙalubalantar hikimar al'ada a cikin masana'antar SMT cewa ingantaccen sanyawa na farki shine buri na ƙarshe. A maimakon haka, ya nuna cewa kuskuren dabarun sanyawa—da gangan sanya kayan aikin a waje da tsakiya don amfani da ƙarfin daidaituwa—zai iya haifar da ingantaccen daidaiton matsayi na ƙarshe. Wannan sauyin yanayi yayi kama da tunanin ci gaba a cikin daukar hoto na lissafi inda algorithms ke rama gazawar gani, kama da tsarin daukar hoto na lissafi na Google a cikin wayoyin hannu na Pixel.

Tsarin Ma'ana

Hanyar tana bin ma'ana mai kyau na injiniya: maimakon yaki da kimiyyar lissafi, yi amfani da ita. Ta hanyar ƙirƙira yanayin tashin hankali na saman ta hanyar koyon injin maimakon simintin zahiri na gargajiya, masu bincike sun ketare rikitaccen lissafi na samfurin kimiyyar lissafi yayin da suke samun ingantaccen daidaito. Wannan hanya ta yi daidai da nasarar AlphaFold a cikin hasashen tsarin furotin, inda hanyoyin da ke da alaƙar bayanai suka fi ƙoƙarin samfurin zahiri na shekarun da suka wuce.

Ƙarfi & Aibobi

Ƙarfi: Haɗa koyon injin tare da ingantaccen zahiri yana haifar da ingantaccen tsari wanda duka biyun ke da ingantaccen bayanai kuma yana da ma'ana ta zahiri. Zaɓin Gandun Daji bazuwar yana ba da muhimmancin fasali mai fassara, ba kamar hanyoyin koyon zurfi ba. Ingantaccen 25.57 μm yana wakiltar aikin jagora a masana'antu don kayan aikin da ba su da aiki.

Aibobi Masu Muhimmanci: Girman samfurin na kayan aikin 6 yana tayar da tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da mahimmancin ƙididdiga. Binciken ya yi watsi da bambance-bambancen zafin jiki a fadin PCB, wani sanannen muhimmin abu a cikin hanyoyin sake gini. Mafi damuwa shine rashin daidaitawar lokacin gaskiya—samfurin yana ɗaukan yanayi a tsaye yayin da yanayin masana'antu na nuna bambance-bambancen motsi.

Fahimta Mai Aiki

Masu masana'antu yakamata su aiwatar da hasashen tushen RFR nan da nan don kayan aikin da suka fi kima, amma dole ne su haɓaka tare da samfurin zafi. Yakamata a haɗa hanyar ingantacce tare da tsarin dubawa na layi don ci gaba da gyaran samfuri. Mafi mahimmanci, wannan binciken yana ba da tushen lissafi na dabarun "hasashen kuskure" waɗanda zasu iya kawo juyin juya hali ga ma'aunin daidaito na SMT.

Misalin Tsarin Bincike

Nazarin Shari'a: Ingantaccen Kayan Aikin Chip 0402

Don resistor 0402 (0.04" x 0.02"), tsarin yana sarrafa:

1. Sigogin shigarwa: lissafin kushin (0.02" x 0.03"), ƙarar manna gami (0.15 mm³), karkatar sanyawa (x: 50μm, y: -30μm, θ: 2°)
2. Samfurin RFR ya hasashen matsayi na ƙarshe: x: 12μm, y: -8μm, θ: 0.5°
3. Ingantacce yana daidaita sanyawa na farko zuwa: x: -25μm, y: 15μm, θ: -1.2°
4. Sakamako: Matsayi na ƙarshe a cikin 15μm na cibiyar manufa

5. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Hanyar da aka ƙera a cikin wannan binciken tana da aikace-aikace masu fa'ida fiye da kayan aikin da ba su da aiki:

• Ingantaccen Kayan Aiki: Aikace-aikace zuwa jujjuyawar-chip da kayan aikin 3D inda daidaiton daidaito yake da mahimmanci
• Ƙididdiga na Quantum: Bukatun sanyawa masu inganci sosai don abubuwan qubit
• Na'urorin Magani: Aikace-aikacen amincin da ba za a iya jurewa kabarin kabari ba
• Daidaitawar Lokacin Gaskiya: Haɗawa tare da IoT da lissafin gefe don daidaita sigogi mai ƙarfi

Bincike na gaba yakamata ya mayar da hankali kan faɗaɗa samfurin don yin la'akari da matakan zafi, warpage na allon, da bambance-bambancen kayan. Haɗawa tare da fasahar tagwaye ta dijital zai iya haifar da yanayin masana'antu na zahiri don ingantacce kafin samarwa.

6. Nassoshi

1. Lv, da sauransu. "Aikace-aikacen koyon injin a cikin SMT: Cikakken bincike." IEEE Transactions akan Masana'antar Kayan Lantarki, 2021.
2. Marktinek, da sauransu. "Hasashen hanyar sadarwa ta jijiya na matsayin ɓangaren bayan sake gini." Jaridar Kayan Lantarki, 2022.
3. Kim, J. "Tasirin tashin hankali na saman a cikin samuwar haɗin gwiwa." Bitaka na Kimiyyar Aikace-aikace, 2020.
4. Zhu, da sauransu. "Koyon zurfi don ingantaccen masana'antu." Hikimar Injin Halitta, 2021.
5. IPC-7092: "Ɗauki da Aiwar Tsarin Tari don Abubuwan Ƙarshe na Ƙasa."