Binciken Ƙididdiga na Matsawar Kayan Aiki a Tsarin SMT Pick da Place

1. Gabatarwa

Fasahar Mount Surface (SMT) ita ce babbar hanyar haɗa kayan aikin lantarki a kan allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs). Tsarin pick-and-place (P&P), inda ake sanya kayan aikin a kan manne na gwal, yana da mahimmanci. Wani abu mai sauƙi amma mai mahimmanci a wannan mataki shine matsawar kayan aiki—motsin kayan aikin da ba a so a kan manne mai ɗaure kafin a sake yin gwal.

A al'ada, ana ɗaukar wannan matsawar ba ta da muhimmanci, sau da yawa ana dogaro da tasirin "daidaita kai" na tsarin sake yin gwal don gyara ƙananan kurakuran sanyawa. Duk da haka, yayin da girman kayan aiki ya ragu zuwa ma'auni na ƙasa da milimita da kuma ƙa'idodin inganci na PCBs sun zama masu tsauri (ana nufin kusan sifili na lahani), fahimta da sarrafa matsawar kayan aiki ya zama mafi mahimmanci don samarwa mai yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Wannan takarda ta magance wani gibi mai mahimmanci: binciken da ya gabata ya rasa binciken bayanan layin samarwa na gaske. Marubutan sun binciki batutuwa guda biyu na asali: 1) siffanta halayen matsawar kayan aiki, da kuma 2) gano da kuma tsara abubuwan da ke haifar da ita, ta amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga akan bayanai daga layin haɗin SMT na zamani.

2. Hanyoyi & Tattara Bayanai

Ƙarfin binciken ya ta'allaka ne a tushensa na gogewa, ya wuce samfuran ka'idoji.

3. Sakamako & Bincike

4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Tsarin Lissafi

Binciken da alama ya dogara ne akan samfuran ƙididdiga na asali. Ana iya nuna sauƙaƙan wakilcin hanyar koma-baya. Matsawar kayan aiki $S$ (vector 2D ko girman) ana iya ƙirƙira shi azaman aiki na abubuwa da yawa:

$S = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \beta_2 X_2 + ... + \beta_n X_n + \epsilon$

Inda:

• $\beta_0$ shine tsaka-tsaki.
• $X_1, X_2, ..., X_n$ suna wakiltar abubuwan da aka daidaita (misali, $X_1$ = Karkatar X na Manne, $X_2$ = Ƙarar Manne, $X_3$ = lambar Nau'in Kayan Aiki).
• $\beta_1, \beta_2, ..., \beta_n$ sune ƙididdiga da koma-baya ya ƙaddara, suna nuna girman tasiri da alkiblar kowane abu. Binciken tasiri na asali na binciken a zahiri yana bincika waɗannan ƙimar $\beta$.
• $\epsilon$ shine kalmar kuskure.

Girman matsawa $|S|$ ana iya bincika shi ta amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran layi ko gama gari na layi, tare da ƙimar $R^2$ tana nuna nawa bambancin matsawa abubuwan da aka haɗa suka bayyana.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji & Jaridu

Bayanin Jarida na Hasashe Dangane da Mahallin Takarda:

Hoto na 2: Babban Tasashen Tasiri don Matsawar Kayan Aiki. Jarida mai sanduna ko zane mai layi yana nuna matsakaicin canji a cikin girman matsawa (misali, a cikin micrometers) yayin da kowane abu ya motsa daga ƙananan matakinsa zuwa babba. Sandar "Karkatar Matsayin X na Manne" za ta kasance mafi tsayi, ta tabbatar da gani a matsayin mafi tasiri. "Nau'in Kayan Aiki" zai nuna sanduna da yawa, ɗaya ga kowane nau'i shida, yana bayyane waɗanda suka fi saurin matsawa.

Hoto na 3: Jarida mai watsawa na Matsawa vs. Rashin Rajista na Manne. Gajimare na maki bayanai yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa mai kyau. Za a daidaita layin koma-baya tare da gangare mai tsayi $\beta_1$ ta cikin bayanan, yana haɗa kuskuren sanyawar manne da matsawar kayan aiki ta ƙididdiga.

Hoto na 4: Akwatin Jarida na Matsawa ta Matsayin Kayan Aiki akan PCB. Akwatuna da yawa an shirya su a cikin tsarin tsarin PCB, suna nuna cewa kayan aikin da aka sanya kusa da gefuna ko takamaiman fiducials suna nuna matsakaicin matsawa da bambance-bambancen daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke tsakiya, suna goyan bayan binciken "tsarin matsayi".

6. Misalin Tsarin Bincike

Nazarin Lamari: Binciken Tushen Dalili don Faɗuwar Amfanin Ƙasa a Haɗin Capacitor 0201.

Yanayi: Masana'anta ta lura da ƙaruwar lahani na kabari ga capacitors 0201 bayan canjin layi.

Aiwatar da Tsarin Wannan Takarda:

1. Tattara Bayanai: Nan da nan tattara bayanan SPI (matsayin manne, ƙara, tsayi) da bayanan Pre-AOI (matsayin kayan aiki) don allunan da ke ɗauke da capacitors 0201. Yi alama da bayanai ta wurin wurin panel PCB.
2. EDA: Zana rarraba matsawar kayan aiki don sassan 0201. Kwatanta matsakaicin matsawa kafin da bayan canjin. Shin ya bambanta sosai? (Yi amfani da gwajin t).
3. Tasiri na Asali: Lissafa alaƙa tsakanin matsawa da kowane ma'auni na SPI. Takarda ta annabta manne karkatar matsayi zai zama mafi ƙarfin alaƙa. Duba ko sabon stencil ko saitin bugawa ya ƙara wannan karkatar.
4. Samfurin Koma-baya: Gina samfuri mai sauƙi: Shift_0201 = f(Paste_X_Offset, Paste_Volume, Panel_Location). Ƙididdiga don Paste_X_Offset zai ƙididdige tasirinsa. Idan yana da girma, tushen dalili yana iya zama tsarin bugawa, ba shugaban sanyawa ba.
5. Aiki: Maimakon sake daidaita injin P&P (wani mataki na farko na al'ada amma kuskure), mayar da hankali kan gyara daidaitawar stencil ko matsin squeegee don inganta daidaiton ajiyar manne.

Wannan tsari, hanyar da ke da alaƙa da bayanai tana hana tsada da rashin ingantaccen gwaji-kuskure.

7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyi

Binciken ya share hanya don aikace-aikace masu ci gaba da yawa:

• Sarrafa Tsari na Tsinkaya: Haɗa bayanan SPI na ainihin lokaci tare da sarrafa injin P&P mai daidaitawa. Idan SPI ya auna karkatar manne, shirin P&P zai iya aikace-aikace ya yi amfani da karkatar ramawa ga madaidaitan sanyawar kayan aiki don magance matsawar da aka annabta.
• Ingantaccen AI/ML: Samfuran koma-baya farkon mataki ne. Ana iya horar da algorithms na koyon inji (misali, Dazuzzukan Bazuwar, Haɓaka Gradient) akan manyan bayanai don ƙirƙira hulɗar da ba ta layi tsakanin abubuwa da kuma annabta matsawa tare da mafi girman daidaito don hadaddun kayan aiki.
• Ƙa'idodin Ƙira don Masana'antu (DFM): Masu ƙira PCB za su iya amfani da fahimta game da saukin nau'in kayan aiki da tasirin wuri don ƙirƙira shimfidar wuri mai ƙarfi. Ana iya sanya mahimman kayan aiki a cikin "ƙananan matsawa" na allon.
• Kayan Aiki na Ci Gaba: Haɓaka manne gwal na zamani tare da mafi girman thixotropy ko kaddarorin rheological da aka keɓance don mafi kyau "kulle" kayan aiki a wuri nan da nan bayan sanyawa, rage lokacin taga don matsawa.
• Daidaituwa: Wannan aikin yana ba da tushen gogewa don ayyana sabbin ma'auni na masana'antu ko ƙa'idodin haƙuri don "karbuwa kafin sake yin gwal matsawa" don nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban.

8. Nassoshi

1. Marubuta. (Shekara). Take na takardar da aka ambata akan hanyoyin SMT. Sunan Jarida, Juzu'i (Fitowa), shafuka. [Nassoshi zuwa tushen Fig. 1]
2. Lau, J. H. (Ed.). (2016). Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging. Springer. (Don mahallin kan haɗin kai na ci gaba da ƙalubalen daidaiton sanyawa).
3. IPC-7525C. (2022). Ƙa'idodin Ƙira na Stencil. IPC. (Ƙa'idar masana'antu da ke nuna mahimmanci na bugun stencil).
4. Isola, A. et al. (2017). Fassara Hoto-zuwa-Hoto tare da Cibiyoyin Adawa na Sharadi. CVPR. (Takardar CycleGAN, an ambata a matsayin misali na samfurin da ke da alaƙa da bayanai wanda ke koyon hadaddun taswira—kamar koyon taswirar daga ma'auni na tsari zuwa sakamakon matsawa).
5. SEMI.org. (2023). Taswirar Hanya ta Haɗin Kai na Ci Gaba. SEMI. (Taswirar hanyar masana'antu da ke jaddada buƙatar daidaiton sanyawa na matakin micron).

9. Ra'ayi na Mai Nazarin Masana'antu