SMD LED 17-21/T1D-KQ1R2B5Y/3T Datasheet - Package Size 1.6x0.8x0.6mm - Voltage 2.7-3.1V - Power 40mW - Pure White Light - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

17-21/T1D-KQ1R2B5Y/3T is a compact surface-mount device (SMD) LED, specifically designed for modern electronic applications that require miniaturization and high reliability. This monochrome LED emits pure white light, achieved through an InGaN chip encapsulated in yellow diffused resin. Its primary advantage lies in a significantly reduced footprint compared to traditional lead-frame LEDs, thereby increasing component assembly density on printed circuit boards (PCBs), reducing equipment storage space, and ultimately contributing to the development of smaller and lighter end-user devices. This component is fully RoHS compliant, adheres to EU REACH regulations, and is manufactured as a halogen-free product, with bromine and chlorine content strictly controlled below industry standards.

1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market

Dhamira ya muundo wa LED ya 17-21 SMD inazingatia usaidizi wa ufinyu. Ukubwa wake mdogo wa kimwili hubadilishwa moja kwa moja kuwa nafasi ndogo inayohitajika kwenye bodi, na kuwapa wabunifu uwezo wa kuunda bidhaa zenye ukubwa mdogo zaidi. Tabia yake nyepesi ya kufunga inafanya iweze kutumika hasa katika matumizi ya kubebebeka na ya ufinyu, ambapo kila gramu ni muhimu. Kifaa hiki kinapatikana katika umbo la mkanda wa kubeba wa mm 8 uliowekwa kwenye reeli yenye kipenyo cha inchi 7, na kuhakikisha kuwa kinapatana na vifaa vya kasi ya juu, vya kiotomatiki vya kukusanyia vifaa vilivyofungwa kwenye uso, jambo muhimu kwa uzalishaji wa wingi. Upatanishi wake na mchakato wa kuunganishia kwa kutumia mionzi ya infrared na mvuke hutoa mabadiliko katika utengenezaji. Masoko makuu yanayolengwa ni pamoja na vifaa vya matumizi ya kawaida, mambo ya ndani ya magari (hasa taa za nyuma za dashibodi na swichi), vifaa vya mawasiliano kwa ajili ya kuonyesha hali, na taa za nyuma za jumla za LCD na paneli za udhibiti.

2. Maelezo ya Vigezo vya Kiufundi

Sehemu hii inachambua kwa kina na kwa uwazi vigezo muhimu vya umeme, vya nuru na vya joto vilivyobainishwa katika hati ya maelezo, na kuelezea umuhimu wake kwa usanifu wa saketi na uimara.

2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa

Absolute maximum ratings define the stress limits that may cause permanent damage to the LED. These are not normal operating conditions but thresholds that must never be exceeded.

• Reverse Voltage (VR): 5V- Applying a reverse bias exceeding 5V may cause immediate junction breakdown. The datasheet clearly states that this device is not designed for reverse operation; this rating is primarily for IR (reverse current) test conditions. In applications where reverse voltage is possible, external circuit protection (such as a parallel diode) is typically required.
• Forward Current (IF): 10mA- This is the recommended maximum continuous DC current to ensure long-term reliable operation. Exceeding this current will increase the junction temperature, accelerate luminous flux degradation, and significantly shorten the device's lifetime.
• Peak Forward Current (IFP): 100mA- The LED can withstand short-duration current pulses up to 100mA (with a 1/10 duty cycle at 1kHz). This pertains to pulsed operation or transient surges and should not be used for calculating steady-state power dissipation.
• Power Dissipation (Pd): 40mW- This is the maximum power the package can dissipate as heat when the ambient temperature (Ta) is 25°C. The actual power dissipation is calculated as: Forward Voltage (VF) * Forward Current (IF). Careful thermal management is required when operating near or exceeding this limit.
• Operating and Storage Temperature:The device has an operating temperature rating of -40°C to +85°C and a storage temperature range of -40°C to +90°C. This wide range makes it suitable for automotive and industrial environments.
• Soldering Temperature:Two temperature profiles are specified: reflow soldering at 260°C for 10 seconds (typical for lead-free processes) and hand soldering at 350°C for 3 seconds. Adhering to these limits is crucial to prevent damage to the internal chip bonding or plastic package.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters, measured under standard test conditions (Ta=25°C, IF=5mA), define the LED's performance.

• Luminous intensity (Iv): 72.0 - 180.0 mcd (typical)- This is the amount of visible light emitted in a specific direction. The very wide range (72 to 180 mcd) indicates that the LEDs are sorted into different "bins" based on their measured output, which will be detailed in a later section. The 5mA test current is below the maximum rating, providing a safety margin for measurement.
• Viewing angle (2θ1/2): 150° (typical)- Hii ni pembe inapokuwa nusu ya nguvu ya mwanga kwenye 0° (mhimili). Pembe ya mtazamo ya 150° ni pana sana, hutoa muundo wa utoaji wa mwanga unaofanana na Lambertian, unaofaa kwa taa za eneo na taa za nyuma zinazohitaji usambazaji sawa wa mwanga, na sio mwale uliolengwa.
• Voltage ya Mbele (VF): 2.7V - 3.1V (Thamani ya Juu)- Hii ni punguzo la voltage kwenye LED inapoendeshwa na mkondo wa majaribio wa 5mA. Tofauti hii hutokana na uvumilivu wa mchakato wa semiconductor na pia inasimamiwa kupitia kikundi. Kwa kuwa VF sio thamani maalum, lazima kila wakati utumie kipingamizi cha mfululizo cha kudhibiti mkondo ili kuweka mkondo wa uendeshaji.
• Mkondo wa Nyuma (IR): 50 μA (Thamani ya Juu)- This is the leakage current when a 5V reverse bias is applied. In a healthy device, this current is typically very small.

3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo

To ensure consistency in mass production, LEDs are tested and grouped or "binned" according to performance. The 17-21/T1D-KQ1R2B5Y/3T employs a multi-parameter binning system, as indicated by the code "KQ1R2B5Y".

3.1 Uainishaji wa Nguvu ya Mwanga

Nguvu ya mwanga imegawanywa katika vikundi vinne tofauti (Q1, Q2, R1, R2). Wakati wa kubainisha au kuagiza, "R2" kwenye nambari ya sehemu inaashiria kikundi kilichochaguliwa.

• Gear Q1:72.0 - 90.0 mcd
• Gear Q2:90.0 - 112.0 mcd
• Gear R1:112.0 - 140.0 mcd
• Gear R2:140.0 - 180.0 mcd

This allows designers to select the appropriate brightness level based on their application, with higher gears typically used in situations where maximum light output is crucial.

3.2 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage is binned from 2.7V to 3.1V in 0.1V steps. The "B5" in the part number corresponds to one of these bins. Using matched VF bins in a design helps ensure even current distribution when multiple LEDs are connected in parallel.

• Bin 29:2.7 - 2.8V
• Gear 30:2.8 - 2.9V
• Gear 31:2.9 - 3.0V
• Gear 32:3.0 - 3.1V

3.3 Chromaticity Coordinate Binning

The color of white light is defined by its chromaticity coordinates (x, y) on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The datasheet defines four quadrilateral bins (3, 4, 5, 6) on this chart. The "Y" in the part number may refer to the yellow diffusing resin and the associated color bin (e.g., Bin 5). The specified tolerance is ±0.01 on both the x and y coordinates, which is a standard tolerance for white LEDs, ensuring perceived color consistency within a batch.

4. Mechanical and Packaging Information

4.1 Package Dimensions

The 17-21 SMD LED employs a compact rectangular package. Key dimensions (in mm) include: typical body length of approximately 1.6mm, width of about 0.8mm, and height of around 0.6mm. The detailed package drawing provides precise dimensions, including pad locations and tolerances (typically ±0.1mm unless otherwise specified). The cathode is clearly marked, which is crucial for correct orientation during assembly. The small size necessitates precise PCB pad design to ensure good soldering and mechanical stability.

4.2 Packaging and Handling

Vipengele vinatolewa katika mfumo wa ufungaji wa Moisture Sensitive Device (MSD). Vinatolewa katika umbo la mkanda wa kubeba wenye matuta (pitch ya 8mm), vilivyoviringishwa kwenye reel ya inchi 7, kwa idadi ya vipande 3000 kwa kila reel. Ufungaji unajumuisha draya na kufungwa kwenye mfuko wa alumini usio na unyevu. Lebo ya reel inajumuisha maelezo muhimu: Nambari ya Sehemu ya Mteja (CPN), Nambari ya Sehemu ya Mtengenezaji (P/N), Idadi (QTY) pamoja na msimbo maalum wa kiwango cha mwanga (CAT), rangi (HUE) na voltage ya mbele (REF).

5. Mwongozo wa Uchomaji na Usanikishaji

Uendeshaji sahihi na uchomeaji ni muhimu kwa uaminifu wa vipengele vya SMD.

5.1 Mahitaji ya Uhifadhi na Kinga ya Unyevu

LED hii ni nyeti kwa unyevunyevu (inamaanisha kiwango cha MSL). Mfuko haupaswi kufunguliwa kabla ya kutumia kipengele. Baada ya kufunguliwa, LED zisizotumika lazima zihifadhiwe chini ya hali ya ≤30°C na ≤60% RH, na zitumike ndani ya saa 168 (siku 7). Ikiwa muda huu utazidiwa au kiwango cha unyevunyevu kionyeshaji cha kikaushi kimejaa, basi kabla ya matumizi inahitaji kukaushwa kwa 60±5°C kwa saa 24, ili kuondoa unyevunyevu uliokithiri, na kuzuia tukio la "popcorn" wakati wa upakiaji wa solder.

5.2 Mchakato wa Uchomeleaji

Upakiaji wa Solder:A lead-free reflow temperature profile with a peak temperature of 260°C for a duration not exceeding 10 seconds is specified. Components should not be subjected to more than two reflow cycles. Stress must be avoided on the LED body during the heating process.

Hand Soldering:如有必要，可以使用烙铁头温度≤350°C、每个端子焊接时间≤3秒进行手工焊接，建议使用低功率烙铁（≤25W）。建议端子之间有>2秒的冷却间隔。规格书强烈警告，手工焊接通常会导致损坏。

Rework:Rework after soldering is not encouraged. If unavoidable, a dedicated dual-head soldering iron must be used to heat both terminals simultaneously to prevent thermal stress on the chip. The impact on LED characteristics must be evaluated beforehand.

6. Mapendekezo ya Utumiaji na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu

6.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji

• Backlighting:With its wide viewing angle and uniform light distribution, it is ideal for backlighting instrument panel clusters, membrane switches, keyboards, and symbols.
• Onyesho ya Hali:Inafaa kabisa kwa vifaa vya mawasiliano (simu, faksi), bidhaa za elektroniki za watumiaji na udhibiti wa viwanda kwa taa za onyesho la hali ya umeme, muunganisho au utendaji.
• Mwanga wa Nyuma ya LCD:Inaweza kutumika kwa maonyesho ya LCD ndogo za rangi moja au zenye rangi za nyuma za aina ya upande au moja kwa moja.
• Onyesho la jumla:Kwa hali yoyote inayohitaji taa ndogo, ya kuaminika, na nyepesi ya rangi nyeupe ya kuonyesha.

6.2 Key Design Considerations

1. Current limiting is mandatory:LEDs are current-driven devices. A series resistor must always be used to set the forward current. The datasheet warns that without a current-limiting resistor, minor variations in the supply voltage can cause large and destructive changes in current. The resistor value is calculated using Ohm's Law: R = (Supply Voltage - LED Forward Voltage) / Desired Current. For conservative design, always use the maximum VF value from the binning or the datasheet.
2. Thermal Management:Ingawa kifuniko ni kidogo, matumizi ya nguvu (hadi 40mW) hutoa joto. Kwa uendeshaji endelevu chini ya mkondo mkubwa (karibu 10mA), hakikisha PCB ina muundo wa kutosha wa kutolea joto, hasa wakati LED nyingi zimekusanywa pamoja. Joto la juu la kiungo hupunguza pato la mwanga na maisha ya huduma.
3. Ulinzi wa ESD:Kifaa hiki kina kiwango cha ESD HBM cha 150V, ambacho ni cha chini kiasi. Kanuni za kawaida za kuzuia ESD zinapaswa kufuatwa wakati wa uendeshaji na usakinishaji.
4. Optical Design:The 150° viewing angle and yellow diffusing resin create a soft, wide beam. For focused illumination, an external lens or light guide is required. When used behind a diffuser panel, the diffusing resin helps achieve a uniform appearance.

7. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 17-21 package belongs to the ultra-miniature SMD LED category. Its primary differentiation lies in achieving a relatively high luminous intensity (up to 180 mcd) within an extremely small footprint (1.6x0.8mm). Compared to larger SMD LEDs (e.g., 3528, 5050), it offers superior space savings, but the total light output or power handling capability may be lower. Compared to smaller chip LEDs, operation is more straightforward due to its package form and integrated lens. Clear binning for intensity, voltage, and chromaticity provides a level of performance consistency that is crucial for applications requiring a uniform appearance, such as backlight arrays.

8. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)

Q: Since it can withstand 100mA pulses, why is the forward current limited to 10mA?
Jibu: Ukadiriaji wa 10mA unatumika kwa uendeshaji endelevu, ili kuhakikisha uimara wa muda mrefu na kudumisha utendakazi maalum wa optiki. Ukadiriaji wa msukumo wa 100mA unatumika kwa misukumo ya muda mfupi (mfano, 0.1ms katika kila 1ms). Uendeshaji endelevu kwa mkondo wa juu unaongeza joto la kiungo, kusababisha uharibifu wa kasi wa fosforasi na semikondukta, na hatimaye kusababisha kuzorota mapema au kushindwa kufanya kazi.

Swali: Je, ni jinsi gani ya kuchagua upinzani unaofaa wa kukandamiza mkondo?
Jibu: Tumia fomula R = (Voltage ya usambazaji - VF) / IF. Kwa usambazaji wa 5V na mkondo lengwa wa 5mA, kwa usalama tumia VF ya juu zaidi ya 3.1V: R = (5 - 3.1) / 0.005 = 380 ohms. Thamani ya kawaida iliyo karibu zaidi (390 ohms) itakuwa chaguo zuri. Hakikisha kuthibitisha nguvu ya ukadiriaji ya upinzani: P = I^2 * R.

Swali: Naweza kutumia pini ya GPIO ya microcontroller kuendesha LED hii moja kwa moja?
Jibu: Labda, lakini kwa tahadhari. Pini ya kawaida ya GPIO inaweza kutoa/kukubali mkondo wa 20-25mA. Lazima ujumuishe resistor mfululizo. Zaidi ya hayo, hakikisha voltage ya pato ya microcontroller inatosha kushinda VF ya LED (2.7-3.1V). Microcontroller ya 3.3V inaweza kufanya kazi kwenye mwisho wa chini wa anuwai ya VF, lakini usambazaji wa 5V ni wa kuaminika zaidi. Kamwe usiunganishe LED moja kwa moja kati ya pini na ardhi bila resistor.

Swali: "Lead-free" na "Halogen-free" zina maana gani kwa matumizi yangu?
答：“无铅”意味着可焊性表面处理不含铅，符合RoHS等环保法规。“无卤素”（Br <900ppm， Cl <900ppm， Br+Cl <1500ppm）意味着塑料封装材料含有极少的卤素，如果器件暴露在极端高温或火灾中，可以减少有毒烟雾的排放，改善环境和安全性能。

9. Practical Design and Usage Cases

Scenario: Designing a backlit keyboard for medical equipment.
The design requires the installation of 12 white indicator lights behind the silicone rubber keys. Space on the double-sided PCB is extremely limited. The 17-21 LED was chosen for its minimal footprint. The designer selected the R2 luminous intensity grade to ensure good visibility in bright environments. All LEDs are specified to the same VF grade (e.g., 30) to promote uniform brightness in a parallel configuration (each parallel branch driven by a current-limiting resistor, rather than all 12 sharing one resistor). The PCB layout places thermal pads according to the datasheet drawing. Instruct the assembly factory to follow the specified reflow temperature profile and keep components in sealed bags before placement. After assembly, the 150° wide viewing angle ensures even illumination for each key without hotspots.

10. Working Principles and Technology Trends

10.1 Basic Working Principles

Hii ni LED nyeupe ya aina ya ubadilishaji wa fosforesheni. Kiini chake ni chipu ya semikondukta iliyotengenezwa kwa indiamu-galliamu nitraidi (InGaN), ambayo inatoa mwanga wa bluu au karibu na ultravioletti wakati wa upendeleo wa mbele (umeme-luminiscence). Mwanga huu wa msingi kisha unachukuliwa na safu ya fosforesheni – katika mfano huu, fosforesheni inayotoa mwanga wa manjano inayoelea kwenye kifungashio cha resini chenye kutawanyika. Fosforesheni hutoa tena mwanga kwa urefu wa wimbi mrefu zaidi (manjano). Mwanga wa bluu usiobadilishwa kutoka kwenye chipu na mwanga wa manjano uliobadilishwa kutoka kwenye fosforesheni huchanganyika na kutoa mtazamo wa mwanga "nyeupe". Kivuli halisi (baridi nyeupe, safi nyeupe, joto nyeupe) huamuliwa na muundo na kiasi cha fosforesheni inayotumika, ambayo hudhibitiwa wakati wa utengenezaji kufikia daraja maalum la rangi.

10.2 Objective Technical Trends

Mwelekeo wa jumla wa teknolojia ya SMD LED unaendelea kuelekea malengo kadhaa muhimu:Kuboresha ufanisi (lm/W):Kuongeza mwanga unaotolewa kwa kila kitengo cha nguvu ya umeme iliyowekwa, kupunguza matumizi ya nishati na mzigo wa joto.Uthabiti wa juu na maisha marefu:Kuboresha nyenzo na ufungaji ili kustahimili joto la juu zaidi na muda mrefu wa uendeshaji, wakati kupungua kwa mwangaza wa mwanga kuna kiwango cha chini.Kuboresha usawa wa rangi na ubora wa kuonyesha rangi:Mapungufu madogo zaidi ya kiwango, na kuendeleza fosforasi inayoweza kutoa thamani ya juu zaidi ya faharasa ya kuonyesha rangi (CRI) ili kupata mwanga mweupe wa asili zaidi.Kuzidisha udogo zaidi:Kukuza saizi ndogo za ufungaji, huku ukidumisha au kuongeza pato la mwanga.Suluhisho zilizojumuishwa:LED zilizo na kiwango cha sasa kilichowekwa ndani, kudhibiti, au chipi nyingi ndani ya ufungaji mmoja zinaongezeka ili kurahisisha muundo wa saketi. 17-21 LED zinawakilisha hatua hii ya uendelevu iliyokomaa na yenye gharama nafuu, zilizoboreshwa kwa utendaji thabiti katika matumizi makubwa yenye nafasi ndogo.